A prediction model for atmospheric pollution reduction from urban traffic

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110057
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Laouzai ◽  
Rachid Ouafi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Suggested Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Additional Constraints

In order to reduce the atmospheric pollution in urban areas, an enhanced approach is proposed in this paper for the traffic congestion analysis. The approach is formulated as bi-level optimization program considering additional constraints in the traffic assignment problem. To respect the required eco-friendly threshold constraint, the travel demand between several origin–destination pairs was categorized in two classes: old polluting cars and modern (less) nonpolluting cars. The validity of the formulation was verified by optimality conditions. Two network examples are discussed to explain the properties and advantages of the suggested technique. It is found that for the both examples, the proposed optimal solution displays better results as compared to the common user equilibrium route choice policies. As a result, the enhanced approach leads to traffic network congestion relief with minimum air pollution and maximum use of routes network.

scholarly journals Regional Logistics Network Design in Mitigating Truck Flow-Caused Congestion Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mi Gan ◽  
Xinyuan Li ◽  
Fadong Zhang ◽  
Zhenggang He
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
Regional Logistics

Truck flow plays a vital role in urban traffic congestion and has a significant influence on cities. In this study, we develop a novel model for solving regional logistics network (RLN) design problems considering the traffic status of the background transportation network. The models determine not only the facility location, initial distribution planning, roadway construction, and expansion decisions but also offer an optimal solution to the logistics network service level and truck-type selections. We first analyze the relationship between the urban transportation network and the RLN design problem using real truck data and traffic flow status in a typical city. Then, we develop the uncover degree function (UDF), which reflects the service degree of the RLN and formulates based on an impedance function. Subsequently, the integrated logistics network design models are proposed. We model the RLN design problem as a minimal cost problem and design double-layer Lagrangian relaxation heuristics algorithms to solve the model problems. Through experiments with data from the six-node problem and Sioux-Falls network, the effectiveness of the models and algorithms is verified. This study contributes to the planning of regional logistics networks while mitigating traffic congestion caused by truck flow.

Measuring Economic Costs of Urban Traffic Congestion to Business

2003 ◽  
Vol 1839 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Weisbrod ◽  
Don Vary ◽  
George Treyz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Key findings are provided from NCHRP Study 2-21, which examined how urban traffic congestion imposes economic costs within metropolitan areas. Specifically, the study applied data from Chicago and Philadelphia to examine how various producers of economic goods and services are sensitive to congestion, through its impact on business costs, productivity, and output levels. The data analysis showed that sensitivity to traffic congestion varies by industry sector and is attributable to differences in each industry sector's mix of required inputs and hence its reliance on access to skilled labor, access to specialized inputs, and access to a large, transportation-based market area. Statistical analysis models were applied with the local data to demonstrate how congestion effectively shrinks business market areas and reduces the "agglomeration economies" of businesses operating in large urban areas, thus raising production costs. Overall, this research illustrates how it is possible to estimate the economic implications of congestion, an approach that may be applied in the future for benefit-cost analysis of urban congestion-reduction strategies or for development of congestion pricing strategies. The analysis also shows how congestion-reduction strategies can induce additional traffic as a result of economic benefits.

Analysis of Trends in Data on Transit Bus Dwell Times

2017 ◽  
Vol 2619 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac K. Isukapati ◽  
Hana Rudová ◽  
Gregory J. Barlow ◽  
Stephen F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
On The Road

Transit vehicles create special challenges for urban traffic signal control. Signal timing plans are typically designed for the flow of passenger vehicles, but transit vehicles—with frequent stops and uncertain dwell times—may have different flow patterns that fail to match those plans. Transit vehicles stopping on urban streets can also restrict or block other traffic on the road. This situation results in increased overall wait times and delays throughout the system for transit vehicles and other traffic. Transit signal priority (TSP) systems are often used to mitigate some of these issues, primarily by addressing delay to the transit vehicles. However, existing TSP strategies give unconditional priority to transit vehicles, exacerbating quality of service for other modes. In networks for which transit vehicles have significant effects on traffic congestion, particularly urban areas, the use of more-realistic models of transit behavior in adaptive traffic signal control could reduce delay for all modes. Estimating the arrival time of a transit vehicle at an intersection requires an accurate model of dwell times at transit stops. As a first step toward developing a model for predicting bus arrival times, this paper analyzes trends in automatic vehicle location data collected over 2 years and allows several inferences to be drawn about the statistical nature of dwell times, particularly for use in real-time control and TSP. On the basis of this trend analysis, the authors argue that an effective predictive dwell time distribution model must treat independent variables as random or stochastic regressors.

scholarly journals Understanding the Factors That Are Associated with Motorcycle Crash Severity in Rural and Urban Areas of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
William Agyemang ◽  
Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ◽  
Steven Jones
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Sub Saharan

Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana has witnessed an increase in the use of motorcycles for both commercial transport and private transport of people and goods. The rapid rise in commercial motorcycle activities has been attributed to the problem of urban traffic congestion and the general lack of reliable and affordable public transport in rural areas. This study investigates and compares factors that are associated with motorcycle crash injury outcomes in rural and urban areas of Ghana. This comparison is particularly important because the commercial use of motorcycles and their rapid growth in urban areas are a new phenomenon, in contrast to rural areas where people have long relied on motorcycles for their transportation needs. Preliminary analysis of the crash data revealed that more of the rural area crashes occurred under dark and unlit roadway conditions, while urban areas recorded more intersection-related crashes. Additionally, it was found that more pedestrian collisions happened in urban areas, while head-on collisions happened more in rural areas. The model estimation results show that collisions with a pedestrian, run-off-road, and collisions that occur under dark and unlit roadway conditions were more likely to result in fatal injury. Findings from this study are expected to help in crafting and targeting appropriate countermeasures to effectively reduce the occurrence and severity of motorcycle crashes throughout the country and, indeed, sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals A Stochastic User Equilibrium Model Under Traffic Rationing Based on Mode Shifting Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5433
Author(s):  
Xueyan Wei ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Weijie Yu ◽  
Xuedong Hua ◽  
Yun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reasonable Approach

As a countermeasure to urban exhaust pollution and traffic congestion, traffic restriction based on the last digit of license plate numbers has been widely introduced throughout the world. However, the effect of traffic restriction is weakened as it causes the long-distance detour of restricted travel modes and induces travel demand to shift to unrestricted travel modes. To consider detour and shift of traffic demand caused by traffic restriction, we propose a stochastic user equilibrium model under traffic rationing based on mode shifting rate and the corresponding solution algorithm. A case study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of proposed model and algorithm. Main findings of numerical experiments include: (1) Compared with traditional stochastic user equilibrium model, the temporary traffic demand shift caused by long-distance detour are well considered in proposed model. (2) Sensitivity analysis of the consumption parameters used in the proposed model shows that, the involved cost parameters have different effectiveness on the mode shifting rate. This study provides a reasonable relaxation of the intensively used assumption, that all restricted vehicles outside the restricted district will detour in traffic rationing research, and provides a reasonable approach to evaluate the change of link flow and the beneficial effectiveness on the sustainability of traffic environment after implementation of traffic restriction policy.

Self-organization models of urban traffic lights based on digital infochemicals

SIMULATION ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Zou ◽  
Levent Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Traffic Systems ◽  
Signaling Strategies ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Organization Models

This paper presents a self-organizing model to design effective traffic signaling strategies in order to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas. The proposed traffic signaling system is based on a pattern model of self-organization, i.e., digital infochemicals (DIs), which are analogous to chemical substances that convey information between interactive elements mediated via the environment. In the context of traffic systems, the DIs refer to information generated by vehicles and dissipated by the urban transportation infrastructure. Based on the exploratory analysis with one single intersection, we demonstrate that the DI-based strategy performs significantly better than both the fixed and trigger-based scheduling strategies in terms of queue length and waiting time under both fixed and dynamic traffic demands.

scholarly journals A Trial-and-Error Toll Design Method for Traffic Congestion Mitigation on Large River-Crossing Channels in a Megacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2749
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Chen ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Large River ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Transport Services

In this study, we addresse traffic congestion on river-crossing channels in a megacity which is divided into several subareas by trunk rivers. With the development of urbanization, cross-river travel demand is continuously increasing. To deal with the increasing challenge, the urban transport authority may build more river-crossing channels and provide more high-volume public transport services to alleviate traffic congestion. However, it is widely accepted that even though these strategies can mitigate traffic congestion to a certain level, they are not essential approaches to address traffic congestion. In this study, we consider a channel toll scheme for addressing this issue. Additional fares are applied to private vehicles, that an appropriate number of private vehicle drivers are motivated to take public transport or switch to neighboring uncongested river-crossing channels. To minimize the toll surcharge on both neighboring channels, while alleviating the traffic flow to a certain level, in this study, we provide a bi-objective mathematical model. Some properties of this model are discussed, including the existence and uniqueness of the Pareto optimal solution. To address this problem, a trial-and-error method is applied. Numerical experiments are provided to validate the proposed solution method.

scholarly journals Identifying the Service Areas and Travel Demand of the Commuter Customized Bus Based on Mobile Phone Signaling Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Service Areas

In recent years, customized bus (CB), as a complementary form of urban public transport, can reduce residents’ travel costs, alleviate urban traffic congestion, reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, and contribute to the sustainable development of society. At present, customized bus travel demand information collection method is passive. There exist disadvantages such as the amount of information obtained is less, the access method is relatively single, and more potential travel demands cannot be met. This study aims to combine mobile phone signaling data, point of interest (POI) data, and secondary property price data to propose a method for identifying the service areas of commuter CB and travel demand. Firstly, mobile phone signaling data is preprocessed to identify the commuter’s location of employment and residence. Based on this, the time-space potential model for commuter CB is proposed. Secondly, objective factors affecting commuters’ choice to take commuter CB are used as model input variables. Logistic regression models are applied to estimate the probability of the grids being used as commuter CB service areas and the probability of the existence of potential travel demand in the grids and, further, to dig into the time-space distribution characteristics of people with potential demand for CB travel and analyze the distribution of high hotspot service areas. Finally, the analysis is carried out with practical cases and three lines are used as examples. The results show that the operating companies are profitable without government subsidies, which confirms the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper in practical applications.

scholarly journals Analisis Potensi dan Kesiapan Penerapan [Electronic Road Pricing di Wilayah Perkotaan The Analysis of Potential and Readiness of the Implementation of Electronic Road Pricing in Urban Area]

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Arbie Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Private Transportation ◽  
Perception Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Method

Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) is one of the appropriate efforts to reduce the vehicle volume in order to solve the traffic congestion in urban areas. Nevertheless, the implementation of ERP requires to be supported by the provision of the adequate public transportation to substitute the private transportation. This study aims to find out the potential and the readiness of the implementation of ERP in urban areas. Ths study employed descriptive method using the performance analysis of the roads and the perception analysis of the user on the implementation of ERP policy. The result of the analysis shows that the level of V/C Ratio of the roads in Medan City was ≥ 0.80 and the level of service was D. The levels show that the performance of road service is poor; therefore, the traffic engineering and management in Medan City is necessary. The perception analysis shows that 56% of the respondents object the implementation of ERP in Medan City.Keywords: Analysis of Roads Performance, Electronic Road Pricing, Traffic Engineering, Urban Traffic Congestion. AbstrakERP (Electronic Road Pricing) merupakan salah satu upaya yang tepat untuk mengurangi volume kendaraan guna mengatasi persoalan kemacetan di perkotaaan. Namun, penerapan ERP perlu didukung dengan penyediaan angkutan umum yang memadai sebagai pengganti angkutan pribadi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan kesiapan penerapan kebijakan ERP di wilayah perkotaan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan analisis kinerja ruas jalan dan analisis persepsi pengguna jalan terhadap penerapan kebijakan ERP. Hasil analisis diperoleh nilai V/C Ratio Jalan di Kota Medan ≥0,80 dan nilai level of service D. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pelayanan jalan buruk sehingga perlu dilakukan rekayasa dan manajemen lalu lintas di Kota Medan. Analisis persepsi menunjukkan 56% responden menolak penerapan ERP di Kota Medan.Kata kunci: Kemacetan Perkotaan, Electronic Road Pricing, Analisis Kinerja Ruas Jalan, Rekayasa Lalu Lintas.

scholarly journals “Howya gettin’ on?” Investigating Public Transport Satisfaction Levels in Galway, Ireland

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Hynes ◽  
Olga Bolbocean ◽  
Michael McNally ◽  
Mike Conroy ◽  
Daniel Bednarczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Customer Services ◽  
Bus Services

Public transport transforms urban communities and the lives of citizens living in them by stimulating economic growth, promoting sustainable lifestyles and providing a greater quality of life. Globally, the healthiest cities have one thing in common, a public and active transport network that does not depend on each person owning a personal motorised vehicle. Growing dependence on the automobile has created a multitude of problems, some of which public transport can help solve. Adverse social, environmental and health effects related to automobile emissions and car-dependency suggest that using public transport will result in a decrease in an individual’s carbon footprint, will lessen overall CO2 emissions, and will help to ease urban traffic congestion as well as encourage more effective and efficient land use. With many urban areas experiencing ongoing traffic problems, it is acknowledged that any sustainable long-term solution must entail a significant public transport element. The aim of this research study, conducted in November and December 2017, was to obtain essential baseline information on service user satisfaction levels with the existing public bus services in Galway City, Ireland. By measuring levels of satisfaction, it is possible to build our overall knowledge of the public transport network and thus identify improvements in the service that would lead to an increase in bus passenger numbers and result in reductions in the amount of cars on the roads. Results suggest deficiencies in public transport infrastructure, such as Dedicated Bus Lanes, and the lack of attention to customer services are hindering improvements in the public bus service.

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