scholarly journals Male Infertility Problem: A Contemporary Review on Present Status and Future Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247028971986824 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. I. H. Dissanayake ◽  
W. L. R. Keerthirathna ◽  
L. Dinithi C. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Factors

Semen quality plays a pivotal role in maintaining healthy fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Male infertility is a rising global problem with an increasing declining in male semen quality among men living in Africa, Europe, North American, and Asia. Though the sperm acquire proactive mechanisms during spermatogenesis and their epididymal maturation, they still remain viable for toxic insult. Declining semen quality is a major contributor to infertility. Studies have postulated that different factors, such as exposure to pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, obesity, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, sedentary lifestyles, poor nutrient intake, oxidative stress, physiological factors, genetic factors can influence male fertility. Routine semen analysis and assays for sperm chromatin integrity are the most widely utilized and best studied adjunctive diagnostics in male infertility. Over the years, scientists have developed different treatment options for male infertility. Male infertility with known etiology can be treated successfully, but other causes like genetic factors require pragmatic approaches. This article summarizes protective mechanisms of spermatogenesis, causes, diagnosis, and both modern and traditional treatment approaches of male infertility. Further, this article highlights present issues and direction for future exploration of the male infertility problem.

scholarly journals Effect of Apatyakara Ghrita Followed by Koshtha Shuddhi with Haritakyadi Churna in the Management of Ksheena Shukra w.s.r. to Oligozoospermia: A Case Study

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3377-3383
Author(s):  
Devesh Jaiman ◽  
HML Meena ◽  
Bharat Kumar Padhar ◽  
Harish Bhakuni
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Testicular Dysfunction ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Associated Symptoms

Oligozoospermia is a condition where sperm count is below 15 million/ml and a common finding which is related to male infertility. Some of the known responsible factors for male infertility are poor semen quality, genetic factors, testicular dysfunction and endocrine inter relationship etc. According to Ayurvedic classics, Oligozoospermia can be correlated with Ksheena Shukra which is due to increased Vata and Pitta Dosha being more prevalent in Madhyama Vayas. According to WHO, in India, the overall prevalence of primary infertility ranges between 3.9% and 16.8%.  Methods: In this study, a male patient aged 40 years was presented with a desire to get a child and other associated symptoms were Daurbalya (weakness), Mukha Shosha (dryness of the mouth), Sadana (loss of rigidity), Shrama (post act exhaustion), Alpachestata (early ejaculation), Maithune Ashakti (problematic or not satisfactory coitus), Rati Anabhimukhata (loss of sexual desire) etc. The patient was managed with Apatyakara Ghrita followed by Koshtha Shuddhi with Haritakyadi Churna. For the assessment of the effect of therapies on sexual parameters, the scoring pattern prepared by Mehra & Singh, 1995 and Seminal Parameters has been adopted. Results and Conclusion: Apatyakara Ghrita is found effective to increase sperm count from 12 million/ ml to 45 million/ml and motility from 20% to 75% and no adverse effect of the adopted management was seen during treatment and even after the 2 months of follow-up.

Infertility

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert R Dohle
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Testicular Insufficiency ◽  
Obesity Drugs

The assessment of men with fertility problems is described in this chapter. The main causes of male infertility are testicular insufficiency due to congenital and acquired causes, obstructions of the male genital tract, genetic and endocrine abnormalities, urogenital infections, and varicoceles. Lifestyle can also have a negative influence on semen quality: smoking, obesity, drugs, and anabolic steroids influence sperm parameters and may reduce natural conception. Some chronic diseases also have a negative influence on fertility. History taking and physical examination should focus on prevalent causes of male infertility. Many decisions on diagnosis and treatment of male infertility are based on a semen analysis. It is therefore essential that the investigation is performed according to the recommendations of the world health organization manual for semen analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors on Semen Quality in Ghanaian Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Richard Michael Blay ◽  
Abigail Duah Pinamang ◽  
Augustine E. Sagoe ◽  
Ewurama Dedea Ampadu Owusu ◽  
Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lifestyle Habits

Introduction. Male infertility is known to contribute about half of all infertility cases. In Ghana, the prevalence of male infertility is higher (15.8%) than in females (11.8%). Sperm quality is associated with the likelihood of pregnancy and known to be the cause of male fertility problems 90% of the time. Exposure to certain environmental factors reduces semen quality in men. The study examined the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on semen quality in Ghanaian men. Materials and Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 apparent healthy adult males in their reproductive age. Participants were males referred to the laboratory (Immunology Unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) for semen analysis test and/or culture and sensitivity. Participants were made to fill out a questionnaire which entailed selected environmental factors (accidents or trauma, exposure to chemicals, radiation, and heat) and lifestyle habits (including alcohol consumption, smoking, and whether participants sat more or less than 4 hours per day). Semen samples were then collected by masturbation into sterile containers and analysed in accordance with WHO guidance for semen analysis within 60 minutes after ejaculation and collection. Results. About 69% of participants had semen pH within the normal range compared to 15% whose pH were lower than 7.2. There was a significantly high number of immotile sperm cells ( p value = 0.017) in participants who sat for more than 4 hours as compared to those that sat for less than 4 hours in a day. Active sperm motility and viability showed significant increase ( p value = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively) in participants who kept their cell phones in their side pockets. Smoking produced a twofold decrease in sperm count as smokers had a significantly lower sperm count ( 12.28 ± 10.95 × 10 6 /ml) compared to the smoke-free ( 23.85 ± 22.14 × 10 6 /ml). For exposure to STDs, no significant differences were recorded among study groups concerning semen quality. Conclusion. Sperm quality in Ghanaian men is associated with lifestyle habits. Smoking and sitting for long hours influenced sperm motility and count, respectively. Knowledge of the factors that influence sperm quality in this geographical region can contribute to informed decisions on effective management of infertility in Ghanaian men.

P–059 Association between seminal levels of Fe and semen quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rodrigue. Díaz ◽  
L Alcaide-Ruggiero ◽  
R Blane. Zamora ◽  
J Gome. Rodríguez ◽  
S Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Metal Detection ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Study question The detection of metals in semen offers a new field in the study of male infertility. Summary answer Normozoospermia is associated with higher amounts of Fe. In males with pathological spermiogram, the percentage of men with Fe in semen was lower than expected. What is known already Increased levels of Fe in human semen appear to have a significant correlation with male fertility, suggesting that Fe in human seminal plasma has an important factor in male reproductive function. Fe acts as an antioxidant being a co-factor of catalasa, which protects sperm. On the other hand, elevated Fe levels are associated with sperm damage and continues to increase the lipid peroxidation that will affect the plasma membrane and the sperm motility. Most authors associate Fe with sperm motility and higher estimated fertility potential, based on standard semen parameters in fertile men, which are associated with lower levels of Fe. Study design, size, duration A prospective study was carried out in 102 men in a Reproduction unit in Tenerife, from February to April 2018 as a part on an epidemiologic study of environmental contaminants and male reproduction. The participant were categorized into two groups, according to the results of semen analysis following the World Health Organization guidelines: the pathological and the normal semen group that constituted the control group. The metal was determined in semen samples. Participants/materials, setting, methods Semen quality and levels of Fe were measured in seminal plasma on a total of 102 men attended successively, for the initial infertility evaluation, The collected samples were used for both semen analysis following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and metal detection and carried out using a Makler® counting chamber (Irvine Scientific, CA) and for metals, were determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry) in semen samples. Main results and the role of chance The percentage of males with the presence of Fe was 97.1% and the average level were 0.6283 mg/Kg. When analyzing the relationship between the spermiogram parameters with the levels of Fe in the semen, significant differences were found. All men with a normal sperm analysis presented Fe in semen, but among men diagnosed with altered spermiogram, the percentage of men with Fe in semen (92.7%) was lower than expected (97%) (χ2 128 1 =4.59; p = 0.032). As for the concentration of Fe in spermiogram in the first quartile (25% lower), measuring 0.33 mg/Kg, more pathological samples were found than expected (X2 133 2 =6.921; p = 0.031) having a higher probability of being more pathological (52% vs 31.4%). On the other hand, men with pathological sperm concentration, have higher levels of Fe, in the fourth quartile (0.61 mg/kg), with more frequency than expected (90.6% vs 97%) (χ2 136 1 =6.48; p = 0.011). The association between BMI and the presence of Fe was statistically significant. In obese males (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2), the percentage of men with Fe in semen (80%) was lower than expected (97%) (χ2 42 2 =11.302; p = 0.001). Limitations, reasons for caution The limitation of this study was the volume of semen that could be obtained for metal detection, only 0.8 mL. because the collected samples were used for both semen analysis and metal detection. Wider implications of the findings: The determination of metals in semen opens a new field in the study of male infertility and many cases of unknown infertility could be due to metal presence or absence in semen, with the option of performing treatments. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis in Seminal Plasma of Fertile Donors and Infertile Patients with Sperm DNA Fragmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5046
Author(s):  
Alba Fernandez-Encinas ◽  
Agustín García-Peiró ◽  
Javier del Rey ◽  
Jordi Ribas-Maynou ◽  
Carlos Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Dispersion Test

Seminal plasma proteomics studies could represent a new approach for the determination of molecular elements driving male infertility, resulting in a better male infertility characterization. The aim of this study is to investigate proteomic differences in seminal plasma samples from fertile and infertile individuals. For that, semen samples were selected according to semen analysis, clinical pathology, and values of sperm DNA fragmentation (alkaline and neutral Comet assay and Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test). A total of 24 seminal plasma samples classified in four groups were processed: fertile donors (FD), recurrent miscarriage patients (RM), asthenoteratozoospermic patients (ATZ), and asthenoteratozoospermic patients with varicocele (ATZ-VAR). Results obtained by 2D-differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) revealed 26 spots significantly increased in fertile donors when compared to patient groups. Also, eight spots in the ATZ group and two in the ATZ-VAR group were decreased compared to the other groups. Twenty-eight proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), most of them involved in metabolic and cellular processes and with a catalytic or binding function. Protein–protein interactions through Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) tool suggest that a large part of them were associated with each other. Furthermore, most of them were associated with ubiquitin C, indicating that it could play an important regulation role, resulting in a potential male infertility biomarker.

scholarly journals ROLE OF SONOGRAPHY IMAGING IN MALE INFERTILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajnikant Narsinhbhai Chauhan ◽  
Dr. Dileep Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Left Lateral Decubitus Position

Introduction: Infertility is known as major problem as life crisis for many couples. Investigation of male infertility is assuming greater importance with male factors implicated as it caused half of the infertile couples. Infertility is defined as infertility is a disease of reproductive system defined by failure to achieve the clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It is also define as failure of couple to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse without the use of contraception in women <35 years; and regular intercourse after 6 months without the use of contraception in women ≥ years. A recent report on the status of infertility in India, states that nearly 50% of infertility is related to the reproductive anomalies or disorders in the male. Male infertility include as pretesticular, testicular and post testicular causes. Common causes may be due to deficiencies in the semen and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. Testicular causes are mainly cryptorchidism, varicocele exposure to gonadotoxins and post testicular causes which included disorders and obstruction of ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. There are many studies which found that sperm count of less than 10 million per milliliter is also suboptimal for fertility; however there is no cut off value of sperm count that is diagnostic of infertility. The common investigations done in evaluating fertility is Ultrasound examinations of scrotum and semen analysis. Ultrasound is a very useful modality for assessing the testicular size which is also related to condition like epididymo-orchitis, varicocele and undescended testis. Aim: The main aim of this study is to deteremine the used of ultra sonography in the evaluation of male infertility and to compared with clinical and surgical findings. Material and Methods: All the patients were referred to the Department of Radiology for transrectal and scrotal ultrasonography with high frequency transducer having a frequency of 7.5 MHz and Color Doppler wherever indicated. In this study all male patients with infertility and abnormal semen analysis and with the case of infertility with coincident scrotal findings on clinical examination were included. Transrectal ultrasound was done by positioned in left lateral decubitus position. On each side testis and epididymis was identified as completely as possible and compared for symmetry, size, texture and vascularity. Result: In this study patients with abnormality were found in highest number on clinical palpation and ultrasound was varicocele. In 18 cases Varicocele was detected on clinical examination and 24 cases in ultrasound. In 9 cases Hydrocele was detected in clinical examination and Ultrasound. In 5 cases epididymal cysts were detected in clinical findings and 6 cases were found in Ultrasound Findings whereas 2 cases of epididymitis  was found in ultrasound and only 1 case in clinical examination. Therefore the total number of abnormalities was found by ultrasound which was significantly greater as compared to physical examination. The p-value was 0.001 which shows statistically significant. Conclusion: Transrectal ultrasound enables high resolution imaging of prostate, seminal vesicles and distal vas deferens and is implicated in diagnosing the cause of obstructive azoospermia. Therefore Imaging plays an important complementary role to clinical examination and laboratory analyses for the detection of precise anatomy and level of abnormality.  Hence transrectal and scrotal ultrasound provides valuable information in the diagnostic evaluation of infertile men and pathological conditions can be detected on ultrasound compared to clinical palpation. Keywords: Infertility, Sonography, Transrectal, Testicular

scholarly journals A Review on Male Infertility - Environmental Factors, Pathophysiological and Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 3798-3804
Author(s):  
Lata Kanyal Butola ◽  
Archana Dhok ◽  
Deepika Kanyal ◽  
Anjali Vagga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Male infertility is one of the rising global problems with an increasing decline in male semen quality among men living in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. Infertility is defined as the failure of conception after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Globally 70 million people are affected by infertility. Environmental, occupational and modifiable lifestyle factors may contribute to this decline of male fertility. Various factors associated with male infertility include smoking cigarettes, alcohol intake, use of illicit drugs, obesity, genetic factors, heavy metals, psychological stress, exposure to pesticides and industrial chemicals, poor nutrition intake, oxidative stress, sedentary lifestyle, advanced paternal age, diet and coffee consumption. KEY WORDS Infertility, Antioxidant, Environmental Factors, Endocrine Factors

scholarly journals Observational study of Y chromosome microdeletion, EAA markers and non EAA markers in Chhattishgarh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-313
Author(s):  
Manisha B Sinha ◽  
Suprava Patel ◽  
Nilaj Bagde ◽  
H P Sinha ◽  
Apoorva Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Y Chromosome Microdeletion ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Single Deletion

Genetic factors contribute to 15% of all causes of male infertility. Y chromosome microdeletion is the second most common genetic cause of male infertility. Screening is important for Yq microdeletion as the defect can be transferred to offspring. Aim of our study is to detect the frequency of Y chromosome microdeletion in idiopathic infertile men using both EAA and non EAA markers in central region of India. Forty men from infertility clinic, seeking treatment of infertility were recruited in the study as cases. Thirty normal fertile men of same origin were recruited as controls. Semen analysis was done and cytogenetic normal infertile men were included in the study. Simplex and multiplex PCR methods were used to detect Yq microdeletions. Frequency of deletion was 11/40 (27.5%). Single deletion of AZF a,b,c were 12.5%, 7.5%, 2.5% respectively (). Double deletions of AZF a+c and b+c were 2.5% each (). Two subjects showed deletion for more than one loci. Overall frequency of deletion depends on sample size, no of markers used, inclusion criteria of subjects and geographic location. So, the screening is important for Yq microdeletion as the defect may be inherited to offspring.

scholarly journals Semen quality among men attending urology services in the Dschang Health District, west Cameroon: A retrospective study on 379 cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimé Césaire Momo Tetsatsi ◽  
Désiré Alumeti Munyali ◽  
Georges Romeo Bonsou Fozin ◽  
Esther Ngadjui ◽  
Modeste Wankeu-Nya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health District ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Health Districts

Background: Infertility is a common condition affecting at least 15% of couples worldwide, and male factors are involved in about half of this prevalence rate. In Cameroon, about 20%-40% of couples are the victims. However, the sperm characteristics of infertile men are yet to be described in the health districts in Cameroon for better management of male infertility. Objective: The present study was designed to assess the sperm profile and related sociodemographic factors of men attending the urology services at the Dschang Health District. Materials and Methods: It consisted of a 10 yr retrospective study carried out in the Dschang Health District. The results of patients’ semen analysis (SA) were computed using Epi Info software and expressed as qualitative and quantitative spermogram state as described by the clinician and sociodemographic features of those patients. Results: Out of the 379 patients studied, 83.91% had abnormal spermogram. Patients older than 50 yr were the most affected when grouped into age categories. With regard to patient’s profession, 52.51% had specified their profession and from that group, although farmers (9.31%) represented the lowest size category, they were the most affected with 94.74% having abnormal spermogram. Conclusion: This study indicates that the sperm damage is the major cause of male infertility in the Dschang Health District. It also shows that farmers are the most affected category and it could be linked to the long-term exposure to pesticides. These results call for the assessment of the reproductive toxicity of locally used pesticides. Key words: Sperm damage, Male infertility, Semen analysis, Dschang Health District.

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