scholarly journals Optimal Scheduling for Laboratory Automation of Life Science Experiments with Time Constraints

2021 ◽  
pp. 247263032110217
Author(s):  
Takeshi D. Itoh ◽  
Takaaki Horinouchi ◽  
Hiroki Uchida ◽  
Koichi Takahashi ◽  
Haruka Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Scheduling Algorithms ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Laboratory Automation ◽  
Simulation Based Design ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Optimal Allocations ◽  
Scheduling Method ◽  
Time Required

In automated laboratories consisting of multiple different types of instruments, scheduling algorithms are useful for determining the optimal allocations of instruments to minimize the time required to complete experimental procedures. However, previous studies on scheduling algorithms for laboratory automation have not emphasized the time constraints by mutual boundaries (TCMBs) among operations, which is important in procedures involving live cells or unstable biomolecules. Here, we define the “scheduling for laboratory automation in biology” (S-LAB) problem as a scheduling problem for automated laboratories in which operations with TCMBs are performed by multiple different instruments. We formulate an S-LAB problem as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem and propose a scheduling method using the branch-and-bound algorithm. Simulations show that our method can find the optimal schedules of S-LAB problems that minimize overall execution time while satisfying the TCMBs. Furthermore, we propose the use of our scheduling method for the simulation-based design of job definitions and laboratory configurations.

scholarly journals Investigating Preconditions for Sustainable Renewable Energy Product–Service Systems in Retail Electricity Markets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Widha Kusumaningdyah ◽  
Tetsuo Tezuka ◽  
Benjamin C. McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Simulation Based Design ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Sustainable Renewable Energy ◽  
Product Service Systems

Energy transitions are complex and involve interrelated changes in the socio-technical dimensions of society. One major barrier to renewable energy transitions is lock-in from the incumbent socio-technical regime. This study evaluates Energy Product–Service Systems (EPSS) as a renewable energy market mechanism. EPSS offer electricity service performance instead of energy products and appliances for household consumers. Through consumers buying the service, the provider company is enabled to choose, manage and control electrical appliances for best-matched service delivery. Given the heterogenous market players and future uncertainties, this study aims to identify the necessary conditions to achieve a sustainable renewable energy market. Simulation-Based Design for EPSS framework is implemented to assess various hypothetical market conditions’ impact on market efficiency in the short term and long term. The results reveal the specific market characteristics that have a higher chance of causing unexpected results. Ultimately, this paper demonstrates the advantage of implementing Simulation-Based Design for EPSS to design retail electricity markets for renewable energy under competing market mechanisms with heterogenous economic agents.

Energy-saving design of variable-displacement bi-directional pump-controlled electrohydraulic system

2020 ◽  
pp. 095965182097389
Author(s):  
Samir Kumar Hati ◽  
Nimai Pada Mandal ◽  
Dipankar Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Simulation Based Design ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Variable Displacement ◽  
Axial Piston

Losses in control valves drag down the average overall efficiency of electrohydraulic systems to only about 22% from nearly 75% for standard pump-motor sets. For achieving higher energy efficiency in slower systems, direct pump control replacing fast-response valve control is being put in place through variable-speed motors. Despite the promise of a quicker response, displacement control of pumps has seen slower progress for exhibiting undesired oscillation with respect to the demand in some situations. Hence, a mechatronic simulation-based design is taken up here for a variable-displacement pump–controlled system directly feeding a double-acting single-rod cylinder. The most significant innovation centers on designing an axial-piston pump with an electrohydraulic compensator for bi-directional swashing. An accumulator is conceived to handle the flow difference in the two sides across the load piston. A solenoid-driven sequence valve with P control is proposed for charging the accumulator along with setting its initial gas pressure by a feedforward design. Simple proportional–integral–derivative control of the compensator valve is considered in this exploratory study. Appropriate setting of the gains and critical sizing of the compensator has been obtained through a detailed parametric study aiming low integral absolute error. A notable finding of the simulation is the achievement of the concurrent minimum integral absolute error of 3.8 mm s and the maximum energy saving of 516 kJ with respect to a fixed-displacement pump. This is predicted for the combination of the circumferential port width of 2 mm for the compensator valve and the radial clearance of 40 µm between each compensator cylinder and the paired piston.

CPI Stress Induced Carrier Mobility Shift in Advanced Silicon Nodes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Sukharev ◽  
Jun-Ho Choy ◽  
Armen Kteyan ◽  
Henrik Hovsepyan ◽  
Uwe Muehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Compact Modeling ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Simulation Based Design ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Final Design

Potential challenges with managing mechanical stress and the consequent effects on device performance for advanced 3D IC technologies are outlined. The growing need for a simulation-based design verification flow capable of analyzing and detecting across-die out-of-spec stress-induced variations in MOSFET/FinFET electrical characteristics is highlighted. A physics-based compact modeling methodology for multi-scale simulation of all contributing components of stress induced variability is described. A simulation flow that provides an interface between layout formats (GDS II, OASIS), and FEA-based package-scale tools, is also developed. This tool, can be used to optimize the floorplan for different circuits and packaging technologies, and/or for the final design signoff, for all stress induced phenomena. Finally, a calibration technique based on fitting to measured electrical characterization data is presented, along with correlation of the electrical characteristics to direct physical strain measurements.

scholarly journals Multi-Dependency and Time Based Resource Scheduling Algorithm for Scientific Applications in Cloud Computing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Vijay Prakash ◽  
Seema Bawa ◽  
Lalit Garg
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Scheduling Algorithms ◽  
Scientific Applications ◽  
Virtual Machine Migration ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
First Come First Serve ◽  
Minimum Completion Time ◽  
Burst Time ◽  
Parent Node

Workflow scheduling is one of the significant issues for scientific applications among virtual machine migration, database management, security, performance, fault tolerance, server consolidation, etc. In this paper, existing time-based scheduling algorithms, such as first come first serve (FCFS), min–min, max–min, and minimum completion time (MCT), along with dependency-based scheduling algorithm MaxChild have been considered. These time-based scheduling algorithms only compare the burst time of tasks. Based on the burst time, these schedulers, schedule the sub-tasks of the application on suitable virtual machines according to the scheduling criteria. During this process, not much attention was given to the proper utilization of the resources. A novel dependency and time-based scheduling algorithm is proposed that considers the parent to child (P2C) node dependencies, child to parent node dependencies, and the time of different tasks in the workflows. The proposed P2C algorithm emphasizes proper utilization of the resources and overcomes the limitations of these time-based schedulers. The scientific applications, such as CyberShake, Montage, Epigenomics, Inspiral, and SIPHT, are represented in terms of the workflow. The tasks can be represented as the nodes, and relationships between the tasks can be represented as the dependencies in the workflows. All the results have been validated by using the simulation-based environment created with the help of the WorkflowSim simulator for the cloud environment. It has been observed that the proposed approach outperforms the mentioned time and dependency-based scheduling algorithms in terms of the total execution time by efficiently utilizing the resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document