The Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity Inside The Shade Netting on The Growth of Pepper Fruiting Branch Cuttings

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) has many benefits, especially in its seeds, commonly used as a food flavoring. Pepper effectively increases appetite, increases the digestive glands' activity, and accelerates fatty substances' digestion. In general, pepper production per unit area in Indonesia is low. The average is below 1 ton of dry pepper per hectare. This low productivity is mainly due to inadequate cultivation techniques, such as improper fertilization and inadequate care. The development of pepper cultivation is still running slowly due to the many obstacles faced by farmers. This productivity could be increased if farmers could apply good and correct cultivation techniques. Generally, pepper cultivation in Indonesia uses standards. This technique is expensive and requires intensive maintenance. The pepper seeds commonly planted by farmers come from running shoots. The experimental design used was the split-plot design with shade netting as the first factor and the administration of husk charcoal as the second factor. Other factors observed were climatic factors, including temperature and relative humidity, bird bud burst time, sprouting time, and root-shoot ratio. The results indicated that the shade netting and husk charcoal treatment on the planting medium significantly affected bird bud burst time, sprouting time, and root-shoot ratio. This study aimed to investigate the effect of climate on the growth of pepper cuttings. The results indicated that the best bird bud burst time occurred in treatment n0 (100%), a0 (1:1) 34.67 days, and not significantly different from n0 (100%) a2 (0: 1) 35.00 days. The best sprouting time occurred in treatment n0 (100%) a2 (0: 1) 32.00 days, not significantly different from n0 (100%) a0 (1: 1) 32.50 days. The root-shoot ratio was significantly different in treatment n0 (100%) a1 (1; 0) 5.28 g.

Dynamic Task Scheduling based on Burst Time Requirement for Cloud Environment

Cloud computing has an indispensable role in the modern digital scenario. The fundamental challenge of cloud systems is to accommodate user requirements which keep on varying. This dynamic cloud environment demands the necessity of complex algorithms to resolve the trouble of task allotment. The overall performance of cloud systems is rooted in the efficiency of task scheduling algorithms. The dynamic property of cloud systems makes it challenging to find an optimal solution satisfying all the evaluation metrics. The new approach is formulated on the Round Robin and the Shortest Job First algorithms. The Round Robin method reduces starvation, and the Shortest Job First decreases the average waiting time. In this work, the advantages of both algorithms are incorporated to improve the makespan of user tasks.

Multi-Dependency and Time Based Resource Scheduling Algorithm for Scientific Applications in Cloud Computing

Workflow scheduling is one of the significant issues for scientific applications among virtual machine migration, database management, security, performance, fault tolerance, server consolidation, etc. In this paper, existing time-based scheduling algorithms, such as first come first serve (FCFS), min–min, max–min, and minimum completion time (MCT), along with dependency-based scheduling algorithm MaxChild have been considered. These time-based scheduling algorithms only compare the burst time of tasks. Based on the burst time, these schedulers, schedule the sub-tasks of the application on suitable virtual machines according to the scheduling criteria. During this process, not much attention was given to the proper utilization of the resources. A novel dependency and time-based scheduling algorithm is proposed that considers the parent to child (P2C) node dependencies, child to parent node dependencies, and the time of different tasks in the workflows. The proposed P2C algorithm emphasizes proper utilization of the resources and overcomes the limitations of these time-based schedulers. The scientific applications, such as CyberShake, Montage, Epigenomics, Inspiral, and SIPHT, are represented in terms of the workflow. The tasks can be represented as the nodes, and relationships between the tasks can be represented as the dependencies in the workflows. All the results have been validated by using the simulation-based environment created with the help of the WorkflowSim simulator for the cloud environment. It has been observed that the proposed approach outperforms the mentioned time and dependency-based scheduling algorithms in terms of the total execution time by efficiently utilizing the resources.

Weak but persistent provenance effects modulate the response of Quercus robur (Fagaceae) seedlings to elevated temperature

Background and aimsClinal variation in bud phenology and growth has repeatedly been reported in common garden experiments for many tree species. The response of the seedlings generated from such translocated trees has not been studied yet, despite its relevance regarding the role of transgenerational plasticity in the adaptation of long-living trees in the face of climate change. Here, we aim to understand the effects of warming on bud burst, germination success and growth performance of tree seedlings of different origins (provenances) but that shared their maternal environment.MethodsWe collected seeds from a mature provenance trial of five different provenances of oak (Quercus robur, Fagaceae) and seeds were grown in two common gardens at two different latitudes representing a mean annual temperature difference of nearly 2°C in Belgium and Denmark. We assessed seed germination, bud burst time and biomass of seedlings in two common gardens.ResultsWe observed an interaction between provenances and common gardens in seedlings’ bud burst time indicating the prevalence of an environmental effect at the site of origin (provenance), which depends on the seedlings’ growing environment (across the two common gardens). The germination success and shoot biomass were reduced across all provenances in the southern common garden.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the environment of origin influences the bud phenology of seedlings and this provenance effect is dependent on the seedlings’ growing environment. In addition, our results suggest that the effect of warming might differ between provenances and that the environmental history of the previous generations is likely to influence the response of tree seedlings as well.

PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT JERUK ASAL KUOK HASIL OKULASI PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT NAUNGAN DAN UMUR BATANG BAWAH

Citrus that comes from Kuok is one of famous local comodity in Riau Province with limited production. To improve the production of citrus it can be done by serving the superior seed throught budding. Rootstock aged and shading levels give effect to the success of budding process. The aims of the study were to obtain the best shade level, suitable rootstock aged and the interaction of rootstock aged with shade level on budding success. This study was conducted on December 2018 to March 2019 at the Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture and Animals Science, Islam State University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. This study used split plot design with two factors, shading levels (0%, 50%, 70%) and rootstock aged (4, 8, 12 month) with three replications. The parameters this measured in this study were growth percentage of buds, percentage of sprout, percentage of dormancy, bud burst time, length of buds and number of leaves. The results showed that shade level of 0% and the age of rootstock 4 months produced the best growth of citrus seedlings. There is interaction between the shade level 0% and rootstock aged 12 month to the growth of the budding citrus seedlings.

Teknik Penjadwalan Prosesor FIFO, SJF Non Preempetive, Round Robin

Processor scheduling is divided into several methods including FIFO, Non Preempetive SJF, Round Robin. Implementation can know the performance of the processor which consists of process, waiting time, arrival time and completion stage. In this case the processor scheduling is made in NetBeans IDE.7.0.1 programming with input on the main menu and calculation process display menu with AWT (Average Waiting Time) value with units of ms, table display process: process, burst time and gaint chart : process, waiting time, start time and end time.