scholarly journals Revitalising Naxi dongba as a ‘pictographic’ vernacular script

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Duncan Poupard
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Standard Chinese

A script can be a window into a language and all the culture contained within it. China’s minority peoples have a multitude of scripts, but many are in danger of falling out of use, a decline spurred by the adoption and promotion of standard Chinese across the country. Nevertheless, efforts are being made to preserve minority writing systems. This article reveals how the primarily logographic Naxi dongba script (often labelled the world’s ‘last living pictographs’), used in China’s southwestern Yunnan province to record the Naxi language, can be practically used as a modern writing system alongside its more widely known traditional role as a means of recording religious rites, and what exactly separates these two styles of writing. The efforts that have been made to achieve the goal of modernisation over the past decades are reviewed, including the longstanding attempts at Unicode encoding. I make some suggestions for the future development of the script, and employ plenty of examples from recent publications, alongside phonetic renderings and English translations. It is hoped that overall awareness of this unique script can be raised, and that it can develop into a vernacular script with everyday applications.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-336
Author(s):  
Malcolm Abbott ◽  
Bruce Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Utilities Services

The final chapter provides a summing up of the book along with some speculation about the future development in this sector. In doing so it provides a description of some of the main issues that have arisen in the process of reform of the utilities sector. The chapter also raises a number of issues that need to be addressed looking forward, including the escalation in prices of many utilities services, environmental impacts, as well as the problems associated with economic regulation. Finally, this chapter reflects upon the manner in which reform of Australia’s utilities industries has taken place over the past three decades, and the implications this process may have for policy development and future reform more generally.

Infused Creativity: An Approach to Creative System Design

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Offer Shai ◽  
Yoram Reich ◽  
Daniel Rubin
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Work Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation

Many methods that support human creativity by manual or computational means have been proposed in the past. They rely on the assumption that following a certain process of reasoning might lead to generating ideas considered creative. We start by defining creativity as a capability that enables the creation of systems that are patentable. Subsequently, we present a method called infused creativity, which is derived from infused design. The method guarantees generating creative designs by transforming systems from remote disciplines. Finding these systems and their transformations is done through a provably guaranteed to work process based on the underlying discrete mathematical representation. We describe the method of infused creativity and illustrate its operation in designing a new active torque amplifier system. We also discuss the future development of the method.

Backpacker tourism: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Gang-Hua Chen ◽  
Songshan (Sam) Huang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Rapid Pace

Purpose This paper aims to contemplate the past development of backpacker tourism research and assess the future development of backpacker tourism research. Design/methodology/approach The authors evaluate the research on backpacker tourism in the past in the following three aspects, namely, research themes, research methods and geographical and cultural contexts of research. Findings Backpackers and backpacker tourism have been evolving in the past 75 years, just as other groups of travelers and forms of travel have. With the rapid pace of globalization in our time, backpacker tourism and its kinship forms will remain an important international tourism phenomenon, with root reasons in different types of economies and societies. As such, it will remain to be a significant research subject for tourism researchers in the future. Originality/value This paper contemplates the past development and assesses the future development of backpacker tourism research.

A typology of readings of Chinese characters in traditional Zhuang manuscripts

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
David HOLM ◽  
David HOLM
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Character ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Chinese Writing System ◽  
Standard Chinese ◽  
Chinese Writing

The Old Zhuang Script is an instance of a borrowed Chinese character script. Zhuang is the current designation for the northern and central Tai languages spoken in Guangxi in southern China. On the basis of a corpus of traditional texts, as recited by traditional owners, this article presents a typology of Zhuang readings of the standard Chinese characters in these texts. While some categories represent phonetic or semantic readings of Chinese characters, others correspond neither semantically nor phonetically to Chinese graphs, and often involve serial borrowing. The implications of this typology for the study of writing systems, and the Chinese writing system in particular, would seem to be considerable.

Senghor’s Grammatology: The Political Imaginaries of Writing African Languages

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-151
Author(s):  
Tobias Warner
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Leopold Sedar Senghor

In the 1950s, linguistic research became privileged terrain for articulating political and aesthetic visions in soon-to-be independent Senegal. The poet Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegal’s eventual first president, made the study of African languages into a source of political and artistic legitimation even as he consecrated French as the language of culture. This chapter traces Senghor’s research on African languages and explores his intellectual rivalry with Cheikh Anta Diop, the progenitor of modern Wolof writing. After independence, polemics over how to write Wolof culminated in the censorship of Ousmane Sembène’s film Ceddo, which was banned for its use of a double letter “d” in its title (a spelling convention that Senghor had made illegal). This chapter explores how debates over writing systems came to figure the stakes of decolonization—who was authorized to speak for the past and who would shape the terms in which the future would be imagined.

scholarly journals Marketing Ethics: Onward toward Greater Expectations

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene R. Laczniak
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Marketing Ethics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Future

This article introduces a set of articles selected for this special JPP&M “Symposium on Marketing Ethics.” It also provides a brief overview of the evolution of marketing ethics research during the past decade. Several suggestions for the future development of marketing ethics research are advanced and discussed.

A Study of the Receptivity to Bacterial Cellulosic Pellicle for Fashion

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.F. Ng ◽  
W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cellulosic Pellicle

Over the past few decades, there have been an increasing number of attempts to produce materials for fashion creation aiming at cost effectiveness, low environmental impact, labour friendliness and biodegradability. Among them, biotechnology is believed to be one of the finest substitutes for future fashion creation. A study has been carried out to explore the future development of fashion design and the possible applications of materials which can be grown from natural renewable and degradable resources. A pilot test with five design professionals on the comfort of bacterial cellulosic pellicles produced in varied incubation times and broth concentrations was conducted. This paper reports a further investigation of the receptivity to these bacterial cellulosic pellicles as material for future fashion through comparing and evaluating three comfort factors, namely hand comfort, flexibility comfort and breathability comfort, and two appearance factors, namely colour and texture, with 150 subjects using the random sampling method. The optimal favourable pellicle for fashion creation was identified and presented.

scholarly journals A Review of Research on Ecological Economics Based on Bibliometrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Huang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Guoqin Huang ◽  
Huifang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Ecological Economics ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Number Of Publications

The development of ecological economics is a major strategy for development in the 21st century. Although scholars have been rising more and more interesting for ecological economic over the past 10 years, it is still unclear what is the change will be facing in the future. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the future development of ecological economy, our article analyzes the current research progress of ecological economy on the basis of a bibliometric analysis. The results show that (1) sustainable development of an ecological economy is a hot research topic; (2) there is little cooperation and exchange between institutions and among scholars regarding ecological economics; (3) the number of publications on ecological economics is increasing, with a relatively large number being published in China. Therefore, we must strengthen the cooperation between institutions and among scholars and improve the research content, vision, and methods in this field. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future development of ecological economy.

scholarly journals Etymology of the Serbian language: With a glance at the past and a look into the future

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-161
Author(s):  
Jasna Vlajic-Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Future Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
The Future ◽  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Serbian Academy ◽  
At Home

After an introductory overview of previous achievements in the field, abroad and at home, during the 19th and 20th centuries, this paper deals with the present state of Serbian etymology (i.e. etymology of the Serbian language) among the Serbs which, for several decades now, has been closely related to the Etymological Department of the Serbian Language Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Following an explanation of elements of the etymological analysis, we offer a comparison of the methodologies applied in compiling the two dictionaries presently under development at the Department, a thesaurus-type Etimoloski recnik srpskoga jezika (ERSJ - Etymological Dictionary of the Serbian Language) and the concise Prirucni etimoloski recnik srpskoga jezika (PERSJ - Concise Etymological Dictionary of the Serbian Language). Finally, we present a preliminary projection of the future development of Serbian etymology with a suggested agenda.

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