Shifting shorelines: Land reclamation and economic blackmail in industrial South Chicago

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 186-205
Author(s):  
Chloe E. Taft
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article takes an urban political ecological approach to a historical case study to show how corporations shape both material and economic landscapes to make them appear “natural” and stable when they are anything but. In the early twentieth century, Illinois Steel dumped waste into Lake Michigan at its South Chicago plant to surreptitiously expand its landholdings. The company leveraged a legal claim to the land—a claim that it materially produced out of slag—along with threats to move its operations to Indiana as bargaining chips to avoid further community pushback or regulatory intervention. This research modifies the typical chronology of “the runaway factory,” most often associated with the late twentieth century, to show that economic blackmail was instrumental to the process of industrialization itself. I treat the archive of South Chicago’s shifting shoreline as a muddy artifact of multiple and often contradictory social and political claims rather than a record of biophysical reality. By illustrating specific materializations of global capitalism in an unstable landscape, I argue that processes of disinvestment that transformed industrial communities over the course of the twentieth century were not part of a natural evolution but were contested, uneven, and actively pursued.

Diaspora Capitalism and the Homeland: Australian Chinese Networks into China

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-273
Author(s):  
Constance Lever-Tracy ◽  
David Ip
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores two new and related phenomena of the late twentieth century that will surely play a major role in shaping the world of the twenty-first: the economic development and opening up of China, and the emergence onto the world economic stage of diaspora Chinese businesses, producing a significant, identifiably Chinese current within global capitalism. Each of these has, we believe, been crucial and perhaps indispensable to the other.

Governing Global Aeromobility

Transfers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Bret Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Global South ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Regulatory Response ◽  
National Space ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Refugee Claimants ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article surveys Canada’s regulatory response to global aeromobility in the late twentieth century. It examines the Canadian state’s strategies to restrict the movement of refugee claimants landing at airports during the 1980s and the national discourse around this process. Mass air travel enabled more refugees, particularly from the Global South, to travel to Canada and, in the process, challenged how the country governed aerial and cosmopolitan populations. In response, Canadian authorities erected an enforcement regime at the country’s international airports, which transformed them into contested entry points to national space and normative citizenship where links between mobility, borders, and nation were simultaneously reinforced and contested. This article thus provides an integral case study of national ambivalence toward global aeromobility in the late twentieth century.

Collaboration

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-191
Author(s):  
Natalie Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Sylvia Plath ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Ted Hughes ◽  
American Artist ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter examines a particular instance of canonical late-twentieth-century poetry that shows close collaboration with the visual arts. It takes as a case study the work of Ted Hughes, who is often considered central to the development of the English poetic canon, in his collaboration with the American artist and publisher Leonard Baskin in producing the 1973 book, Cave Birds. The trade volume initially contained over ten of Baskin’s pen-and-ink images (which had inspired Hughes to pen his poems). Why, then, are Baskin’s artworks no longer published alongside Hughes’s poems? This chapter puts drawing and text back into dialogue, offering a sustained intra-artistic reading of an image-poem pair as it resonates with the vision of Michelangelo, Michael Ayrton, Giacometti, Sylvia Plath, and Seamus Heaney. Artwork and literary text interact before our viewing-reading eyes, performing an eloquent expression of the complexity of aesthetic co-constitution, across media and history.

Engineers and Social Engineering: Professional/Trade Unions and Social Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-195
Author(s):  
Hannah Forsyth ◽  
Michael P. R. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Australian Universities

Professions like engineering were a vehicle for social mobility in Australia early in the twentieth century. By the late twentieth century, despite considerable expansions in higher education, it was much harder for young people to enter a trade and then to use their skills and experience to move into professional engineering. The shift in occupation structure in the early twentieth century, when professions - including engineering - grew rapidly, gave new opportunities to working-class tradespeople to move into professional employment. After the 1960s, when educational norms standardised and professional knowledge became more complex, these pathways narrowed. Motor mechanics, for example, were “trade” engineers who were able to move into professional engineering early in the twentieth century in ways that were extensively limited by the end of the century. This article uses engineering as a case study to consider institutional changes, including the growth of middle-class unions and the increased share of education carried by Australian universities, which made access to professional occupations more difficult for working-class tradespeople from the 1960s onwards. This helps us to identify the emergence of a new kind of class solidarity among professionals in the mid-twentieth century, with which they developed strategies to win rights for themselves, but sometimes at the expense of working-class interests.

scholarly journals Ópera, texto y audiovisualización. Estudio de un caso: "El anillo del Nibelungo"

2017 ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Radigales ◽  
Yaiza Bermúdez Cubas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Richard Wagner ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Musical Drama ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Global Performance ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

La ópera es un espectaculo globalizado, una Gesamtkunstwerk (obra de arte integral) según las teorías de Richard Wagner. Esa interacción de elementos convergentes (música, texto, canto, puesta en escena) culmina con la incorporación de la pantalla como parte integrante del montaje escénico desde finales del siglo XX. En este texto nos fijamos en el proceso de la audiovisualización de la ópera como espectáculo con el estudio de un caso: el montaje de El anillo del Nibelungo de Richard Wagner realizado por Carlus Padrissa y estrenado en el Palau de las Arts de Valencia (2007). En él, la interacción de la pantalla era fundamental para la comprensión del drama musical wagneriano. Opera is a global performance, a Gesamtkunstwerk (total work of art) according to the theories of Richard Wagner. This interaction of converging elements (music, text, singing, staging) culminates with the incorporation of the screen as part of staging since the late twentieth century. In this paper we look at the process ‘audiovisualisation’ of the opera as performance with a case study: the production of Richard Wagner’s The Ring of the Nibelung by Carlus Padrissa and premiered at the Palau de les Arts in Valencia (2007). In it, the interaction of the screen was essential to understanding the Wagnerian musical drama.

scholarly journals Policing Epistemic Deviance: Albert von Schrenck-Notzing and Albert Moll1

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Boundary Disputes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractShortly after the death of Albert von Schrenck-Notzing (1862–1929), the doyen of early twentieth century German para psychology, his former colleague in hypnotism and sexology Albert Moll (1862–1939) published a treatise on the psychology and pathology of parapsychologists, with Schrenck-Notzing serving as a prototype of a scientist suffering from an ‘occult complex’. Moll’s analysis concluded that parapsychologists vouching for the reality of supernormal phenomena, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, telekinesis and materialisations, suffered from a morbid will to believe, which paralysed their critical faculties and made them cover obvious mediumistic fraud. Using Moll’s treatment of Schrenck-Notzing as an historical case study of boundary disputes in science and medicine, this essay traces the career of Schrenck-Notzing as a researcher in hypnotism, sexology and parapsychology; discusses the relationship between Moll and Schrenck-Notzing; and problematises the pathologisation and defamation strategies of deviant epistemologies by authors such as Moll.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

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