scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activities of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Dodonaea viscosa L.(Sapindaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1989195
Author(s):  
Jemal Abdela
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice

Traditionally people used Dodonaea viscosa for the treatment of various ailments, including diarrhea. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice models. Different doses of 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for their antidiarrheal activities using castor oil–induced diarrhea, gastrointestinal transit, and enteropooling models in Swiss albino mice. At all test doses, the plant extract showed significant ( P < .05) inhibition in the frequency of defecation of wet feces and total fecal output as compared to the control group. Similarly, at all dose ranges used the plant extract demonstrated significant ( P < .05) reduction in an intraluminal fluid accumulation as compared to the untreated group. Besides, at higher doses, the plant extract also indicated significant ( P < .05) antimotility activity in comparison with the control. In conclusion, these findings illustrated that the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa supported the traditional claim of antidiarrheal activity of the plant though further investigations are warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Osyris quadripartita Decne (Santalaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1983334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Yigzaw Teferi ◽  
Mohammedbirhan Abdulwuhab ◽  
Jibril Seid Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Different Doses

The leaf of Osyris quadripartita is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in different parts of Ethiopia. However, its use has not been scientifically validated for its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. quadripartita in mice models. Different doses of the methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil–induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models in Swiss Albino mice. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared with standard drugs and negative control groups of mice. The extract at all tested doses resulted in significant reduction ( P < .01) in number of wet feces, whereas significant reduction ( P < .01) in frequency of defecation in castor oil–induced diarrhea was seen at a dose of 400 mg/kg. It also showed a dose-dependent and significant reduction of volume of intestinal content in the enteropooling model at all tested doses and the observed results in 200 and 400 mg/kg were better than the standard drug, loperamide. However, significant antimotility effect was not observed at any of the tested doses. From these results we can conclude that methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita showed antidiarrheal activity.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kumar ◽  
D Swami ◽  
DP Nagar ◽  
KP Singh ◽  
J Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Brain Ache Activity ◽  
Protection Index

The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial and haematological effects of Senna occidentalis leaf ethanolic extracts on Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
S.M. Babangida ◽  
G.J. Sow ◽  
D.M. Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Albino Mice

A research was conducted to investigate the haematological effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of Senna occidentalis on Swiss albino mice infected with 0.2 ml of Plasmodium berghei infected blood. Fifteen (15) mice weighing between 140-260g were assigned into five study groups of three mice each. The first group is treated with 0.2 mL of normal saline (drug free control). Group 2, 3, 4 were treated with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of theethanolic leaf extract respectively while group 5 received 10mg/kg of chloroquine phosphate. All doses were administered orally. The results obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to separate the means. The result of the preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, diterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, Triterpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The level of parasite suppression ranges from 35% to 75% and the activity increased with increase in concentration of the extracts (dose dependent). The extracts were found to increase the level of some haematological parameters such as Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Haemoglobin. The effect is concentration dependent, increases with increase in concentration. Thus, the anti plasmodial efficacy of the leaf extract of S. occidentalis on P. berghei is confirmed. It is recommended that , 400 mg/kg leaf ethanolic extracts of S. occidentalis couldbe use in the treatment of malarial fever.

scholarly journals In vivo immunomodulatory effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre in Swiss albino mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Ahirwal ◽  
Siddhartha Singh ◽  
Manish Dubey ◽  
Vandana Bharti ◽  
Archana Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Albino Mice

In the present study we performed a comparative phytochemical analysis of the immunomodulating activities of the methanol leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre (MLEGS) in Swiss albino mice. The phytochemical screening conducted on MLEGS revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents, including saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Immunomodulatory activities were determined by hemagglutination antibody (HA) titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) tests for determining specific and non-specific immune responses. Flow cytometric techniques were performed for the estimation of B lymphocytes (CD3 and CD19) and Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-? and IL-4). The response produced by oral administration of MLEGS elicited a significant reduction in a dose-related manner in the primary and secondary antibody response and DTH response. The response produced by oral administration of MLEGS elicited significant reduction in a dose-related manner in the primary and secondary antibody and DTH responses, with maximum reduction observed at 200 mg/kg-body wt. The maximal reductions in the production of CD3, CD19, IL-2, IFN-? and IL-4 were 31.59, 32.12, 29.51, 32.45 and 33.53%, respectively, at 200 mg/kg body weight. This study demonstrates that G. sylvestre exerts immunosuppressive effects on the components of the immune system of mice, and points to its significant immunomodulatory potential.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Rumex vesicarius

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad Khan ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽  
Fatima Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

<p>This study evaluates the antidiarrheal activity of <em>Rumex vesicarius</em> (leaf) by using in vitro and in vivo assays. Antidiarrheal effect of <em>R. vesicarius</em> was  evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rat. Weight and  volume of the intestinal content were assessed using the enteropooling method. Atropine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was used as positive control. <em>R. Vesicarius</em> at the  doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. significantly retarded castor oil-induced  enteropooling and intestinal transit. The gastrointestinal transit rate was  studied and <em>R. vesicarius</em> at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited (p&lt;0.001) weight and volume of intestinal content. <em>R. vesicarius</em> caused concentration-dependent (0.01–1 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum tissue preparation and inhibited K<sup>+</sup>-80 induced contractions (0.01-5 mg/mL), similar to verapamil, suggestive of calcium channel blockade. Results obtained herein indicate that <em>R. vesicarius</em> may contain effective compounds which can be used as an antidiarrheal agent.</p>

scholarly journals Methanolic Crude Extract of Hagenia abyssinica Possesses Significant Antidiarrheal Effect: Evidence for In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽  
Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽  
Teshome Fentik Belachew ◽  
Birhanu Berihun Kidanu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hagenia Abyssinica ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Background. Hagenia abyssinica is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of methanol crude extract of H. abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods. Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. The antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract of H. abyssinica was investigated using three animal models such as small intestine transit, enteropooling, and castor oil-induced diarrhea models. The extract was administered at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to the test groups, while the positive control group received 3 mg/kg of loperamide and the negative control group received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (distilled water). Results. The crude extract of H. abyssinica did not exhibit death at the limit dose (2 g/kg) throughout the observation period. In the castor oil-induced model, the crude extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05 ) antimotility effect as compared to the negative control. The crude extract revealed a significant reduction in the volume and weight of intestinal contents at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract. Moreover, the highest antidiarrheal index (ADI) was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg of crude extract, which was comparable to the standard drug. Conclusion. The crude extract of Hagenia abyssinica possesses antidiarrheal activity and supports the traditional use of H. abyssinica for the management of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vivo Synergistic Hypoglycemic & Hypolipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Calotropis gigantean Leaves in Combination to Metformin in Alloxan Induced Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nisrat Jahan ◽  
Nasreen Akter ◽  
Mosiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypolipidemic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic & hypolipidemic activity of Calotropis gigantean (Family: Apocynaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Study Design: In vivo study was carried out by ethanolic leaf extract was administered in 250 mg/kg body weight concentration and then subjected to different rats models to authenticate the antidiabetic and hyperlipidimic properties of the plant. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213,Bangladesh within a period of July 2018 to December, 2018. Methodology: Diabetes was induced in rats by an intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of alloxan (100 mg/kg B.W). Ethanolic leaf extract of C. gigantean (250 mg/kg B.W) was administrated orally as a single dose per day to the diabetic rats for 7 days. The negative control group received 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline water orally & positive control group received metformin orally. Synergistic effect of plant was evaluated by combination with 100 mg/kg B.W & 50 mg/kg B.W oral administration of metformin. After 7 days study period, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver weight & body weight were measured only for diabetic group to observe the effects of diabetes induction. Results: Individual plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W) & Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W) reduced FBG significantly by 52% (P<0.001) & 55.3% (P<0.001) correspondingly. Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W) potentiated reduction (68%) (P<0.001) when combined to plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W). Significant dose dependent manner was followed when metformin (50 mg/kg B.W) was combined to plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W). Our results clearly suggests that C. gigantean exhibit hypoglycemic & hypolipidemic activity with an alteration in body-liver weight. The present study also suggested to develop a combination therapy of extract along with metfromin in different doses to minimize the intake of synthetic drug. Significant reduction of TG, TC were noted by extract (250 mg/kg B.W) with 32.42% (P<0.001) & 41.32% (P<0.001) respectively where standard shown the diminution 43.43% (P<0.05) & 47.21% (P<0.001) respectively as compare to Untreated diabetic rats. 50.21% (P<0.01) & 42.38% (P<0.001) reduction of TG & TC were estimated by C.gigantea extracts (250 mg/kg B.W) when combined with Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W). 34.53% (P<0.05) & 41.54% (P<0.001) reduction of TG & TC by C.gigantea extracts (250 mg/kg B.W) were confirmed when combined to Metformin (50 mg/kg B.W). Combination therapy also has shown synergistic effect in elevation of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that C. gigantean have potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.

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