scholarly journals Evaluation of in vivo Synergistic Hypoglycemic & Hypolipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Calotropis gigantean Leaves in Combination to Metformin in Alloxan Induced Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nisrat Jahan ◽  
Nasreen Akter ◽  
Mosiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypolipidemic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic & hypolipidemic activity of Calotropis gigantean (Family: Apocynaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Study Design: In vivo study was carried out by ethanolic leaf extract was administered in 250 mg/kg body weight concentration and then subjected to different rats models to authenticate the antidiabetic and hyperlipidimic properties of the plant. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213,Bangladesh within a period of July 2018 to December, 2018. Methodology: Diabetes was induced in rats by an intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of alloxan (100 mg/kg B.W). Ethanolic leaf extract of C. gigantean (250 mg/kg B.W) was administrated orally as a single dose per day to the diabetic rats for 7 days. The negative control group received 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline water orally & positive control group received metformin orally. Synergistic effect of plant was evaluated by combination with 100 mg/kg B.W & 50 mg/kg B.W oral administration of metformin. After 7 days study period, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver weight & body weight were measured only for diabetic group to observe the effects of diabetes induction. Results: Individual plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W) & Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W) reduced FBG significantly by 52% (P<0.001) & 55.3% (P<0.001) correspondingly. Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W) potentiated reduction (68%) (P<0.001) when combined to plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W). Significant dose dependent manner was followed when metformin (50 mg/kg B.W) was combined to plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W). Our results clearly suggests that C. gigantean exhibit hypoglycemic & hypolipidemic activity with an alteration in body-liver weight. The present study also suggested to develop a combination therapy of extract along with metfromin in different doses to minimize the intake of synthetic drug. Significant reduction of TG, TC were noted by extract (250 mg/kg B.W) with 32.42% (P<0.001) & 41.32% (P<0.001) respectively where standard shown the diminution 43.43% (P<0.05) & 47.21% (P<0.001) respectively as compare to Untreated diabetic rats. 50.21% (P<0.01) & 42.38% (P<0.001) reduction of TG & TC were estimated by C.gigantea extracts (250 mg/kg B.W) when combined with Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W). 34.53% (P<0.05) & 41.54% (P<0.001) reduction of TG & TC by C.gigantea extracts (250 mg/kg B.W) were confirmed when combined to Metformin (50 mg/kg B.W). Combination therapy also has shown synergistic effect in elevation of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that C. gigantean have potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA ABBYSINICA LAM, EX DC

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Kamadyaapa Davie Rexon ◽  
Gondwe Mavuto Masopera ◽  
Shauli Mathulo ◽  
Sewani Rusike Constance ◽  
Nkeh Chungag Benedicta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

  Objective: This study was conducted to scientifically evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina abbysinica (EEA).Methods: Acute and sub-chronic effects of EEA at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt and glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kg/bwt. were evaluated in both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats (250–300 g). The acute studies were performed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In sub-chronic studies, animals were orally administered with EEA and GL daily for 6 w. Brine shrimp assay was used to determine the toxicity of EEA. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing capacity of plasma, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays were used to determine antioxidant properties of EEA.Results: Following OGTT, EEA significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in both normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with positive and negative control counterparts at all-time points, whereas GL significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood glucose only in normal rats but not in diabetic rats. Daily, oral administration of EEA for 6 w significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control group. EEA revealed weak toxicity with a lethal concentration50 value of 997 μg/ml). Furthermore, EEA showed significant free radical scavenging, total antioxidant, and anti-lipid peroxidative capacities.Conclusion: The study has shed more light on the scientific basis for the use of E. abbysinica in management of diabetes in some communities of Eastern Cape of South Africa.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Sub-Acute Dermal Toxicity Studies of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Lawsonia Inermis in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khairullah Zahi ◽  
Hazilawati Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Rosly Shaari ◽  
Riyanto Teguh Widodo ◽  
Lucy Johnny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Observation Period

Lawsonia inermis is one of the most significant plants used in traditional medicine. However, many details of the dermal toxicity of L. inermis remain unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity of ethanolic extract of L. inermis leaves. In acute experiment, a total of 20 rats were divided into four groups of five rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups of six rats for the sub-acute experiment. The extract at a single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight did not produce treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in all rats tested during the 14-day observation period. However, in a repeated dose 28-day study, the application of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of body weight/day of leaves extract revealed no significant change (p > 0.05) in bodyweight, haematological and biochemical parameters compared with the control group. Similarly, gross pathology and histopathology examinations of liver, kidneys, and skin did not reveal any morphological alteration. Overall, the results show that the close application of L. inermis leaves extract did not have any critically dangerous impact on rats. Subsequently, the concentrate may be employed for pharmaceutical plans.

scholarly journals Preclinical evaluation of antidiabetic activity of poly herbal plant extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
P.P. Gupta ◽  
◽  
J. Haider ◽  
R.P. Yadav ◽  
U. Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Herbal Plant

Objective: To study and compare the effect of Poly herbal plant extract (PHPE) with Glibenclamide (GL) on various parameters in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by combining High Fat-diet and injecting low dose Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body wt.) to Sprague-dawley rats. Diabetic rats were treated with chloroform leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, aqueous leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis and ethanolic seed extract of Trigonella foenum graecum combined in ratio of 1:2:3 respectively at dose of 600 mg/kg body weight by oral gavaging for 28 days. The results were compared with standard anti diabetic drug Glibenclamide given in dose of 500 µg/kg body weight. Results: Increase in body weight of both PHPE and GL treated diabetic rats was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to diabetic control rats. Decline in FBG levels of both PHPE and GL treated diabetic rats were found to be highly significant statistically (p<0.001) when compared to diabetic control rats at the end of study. Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides level in diabetic rats treated with PHPE were found to be highly statistically significant (p<0.001) compared to diabetic control rats. Pancreas of PHPE treated diabetic rats revealed partial restoration in size and number of islet of langerhans. Reduction in widening between acinar and islet cells noted. Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats showed much more improvement in pancreatic cell architecture by returning to its normal structure and size. Conclusion: In present study PHPE has shown to decrease elevated FBG level and improve in body weight at the end of study in diabetic rats which can be suggested due to modification in carbohydrate metabolic pathways, stimulation of insulin production by the pancreas, increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the cells and regeneration of β-cells of the pancreas.

scholarly journals Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) reduces circulating Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in vivo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niladri Mukherjee ◽  
Nikhilesh Joardar ◽  
Suprabhat Mukherjee ◽  
Santi P. Sinha Babu
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heartworm Infection ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

AbstractThe present study enumerates the effectiveness of ethanolic leaf extract of A. indica against circulating microfilariae (mf) of D. immitis in vivo of Canis familiaris. An ethanolic extract was prepared from the leaves of A. indica (EEA) and treated on dogs infected with the filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis, the causative agent of canine cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis. Before treatment, all the infected dogs were vigilantly supervised for any natural fluctuation of mf count. Two doses; 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight/twice a day; both for 15 days were selected for in vivo tests along with a control group which received an empty capsule during the study period. The highest reduction of circulating mf was counted on day 60, showing mf reduction of 77.9% and 86.7% respectively for the two doses. Thereafter mf density increased with a minor change and maintained reduction of 49.5% and 64.1% on day 180 respectively. Additionally, no appreciable side effects in the treated dogs were recorded as evident from serum toxicity parameter analyses. In conclusion, the ethanolic formulation of A. indica leaves possesses considerable effectiveness against D. immitis in vivo with no toxic modification in the host after exposure. Thus, EEA appears to be a good alternative remedy against heartworm infection in infected dogs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activities of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Dodonaea viscosa L.(Sapindaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1989195
Author(s):  
Jemal Abdela
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice

Traditionally people used Dodonaea viscosa for the treatment of various ailments, including diarrhea. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice models. Different doses of 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for their antidiarrheal activities using castor oil–induced diarrhea, gastrointestinal transit, and enteropooling models in Swiss albino mice. At all test doses, the plant extract showed significant ( P < .05) inhibition in the frequency of defecation of wet feces and total fecal output as compared to the control group. Similarly, at all dose ranges used the plant extract demonstrated significant ( P < .05) reduction in an intraluminal fluid accumulation as compared to the untreated group. Besides, at higher doses, the plant extract also indicated significant ( P < .05) antimotility activity in comparison with the control. In conclusion, these findings illustrated that the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa supported the traditional claim of antidiarrheal activity of the plant though further investigations are warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimalarial Properties of Ficus platyphylla Del Leaf Extract in Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. Omame ◽  
A. E. Amobonye ◽  
A. Y. Kabiru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crude Plant Extract ◽  
Different Doses

Aim: This study was aim at investigating the effect of crude petroleum ether leaf extract of Ficus platyphylla Del on Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out at the department of biochemistry, Federal university of technology minna, Niger state Nigeria in 2014. Methodology: The crude plant extract of F. platyphylla was administered 72 hours at different doses post and pre infection for both the curative and prophylactic study respectively against residual infection. Mice were divided into 5 groups of 5 mice each, 3 of the groups where administered crude plants extract of F. platyphaylla at different doses (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight) while the other two serve as negative and positive control group and were administered 0.5 ml and 50 mg/kg body weight respectively. Results: The extract at all doses produced significant (P<0.05) dose dependent chemo-suppressive activity with %  inhibition of 38%, 61%, 74% and 81.8% for curative studies and 36.0%, 38.5%, 49.5% and 63.4% for prophylactic studies against the parasites at doses of 200 mg/kgbw, 400 mg/kgbw, 600 mg/kgbw of the extract and 50 mg/kgbw of Artesunate. All doses of the extract increased the survival time of the infected mice compared to the negative control group that was administered 0.5 ml normal saline. The variation in the values of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) for treated group before and after extract administration was not significant at (P<0.05). The phytochemical screening of the plant extract showed the presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, anthroquinone and phenol. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that F. Platyphylla leaf extract exhibited some antiplasmodial activity that could be exploited for safe, effective and affordable antimalaria regimen.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Thaumatococcus danielli (benth.) in streptozotocin induced diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola ◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Rasaq B POPOOLA ◽  
Abiodun Olusoji Owoade ◽  
Peter Adegbola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: The leaves of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth.) have been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat malaria in Nigeria. However, there is no report on whether these leaves contain Nephroprotective activity. Thus, the ethanol leaf extract was investigated for Nephron-protective activity in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: First, the LD50 of the leaf was determined using standard procedure. Rats were assigned to 5 groups (A-E) of five rats. Except for the control group, each group was made diabetic using Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg/b.wt. i p). The treated groups received 0.5 ml of glibenclamide (25mg/kg/b.wt, o.p), 250 and 500 mg/kg/b.wt, o.p of Thaumatococcus danielli respectively. After 14 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed under light anaesthesia. Data were expressed as Means ± S.D (n=5) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s test, values were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The plant showed a LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg/b.wt in albino rats observed for 72 hours. A significant (p<0.05) decreased in serum Na+, Cl-, HCO-3, total protein, and an insignificant increase in K+, urea and creatinine level were observed in the diabetic group when compared with the normal group. Oral administration of plant extract and glibenclamide significantly (p<0.05) restored the electrolytes to near normal. Histological alterations such as glomerulonephritis, and tubules infiltration by inflammatory cells observed in diabetic control were also reversed.Conclusion: This study suggests renal protective ability of the plant against impairment due to hyperglycemia.Keywords: Streptozotocin, Thaumatococcus danielli, Nephroprotective, Glibenclamide, serum electrolytes.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS GLUTATION PEROKSIDASE DAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS DIABETES YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK DAUN KAPULAGA (Amomum cardamomum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Hafsah Riyanti ◽  
Sorta Basar Ida Simanjutak ◽  
Hery Winarsi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Oxidative stress in a patient with diabetes known to decrease the activity of GSH-PX and increase the level of blood glucose. Glibenclamide is commonly used by patients with diabetes to lower the blood glucose. However, the long-term use of glibenclamide may induce the damage of pancreatic β-cells. The extract containing flavonoids and vitamin C of cardamoms leaf can reduce free radicals. The effect of cardamoms leaf extract on the enzymes activity and the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardamoms leaf extract administration in the GSH-PX activities and the level of blood glucose of diabetic rats. The method used in this study was experimental with completely randomized design (CRD). There were three groups with five replicates for each. The first group, diabetic rats as control group were given no treatment; the second group, diabetic rats were given cardamoms leaf extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight; the third group, the diabetic rat were given glibenclamide at the dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight. Blood samples were taken three times at 0, 7, and 14 days after each treatment. Parameters measured were GSH-PX activity and the level of blood glucose. The data were analyzed using ANOVA F-test with a confidence level of 95%. The result of this study showed that the cardamoms leaf extract treatment decreased the activity of GSH-PX activity and decreased the level of blood glucose at a significant level (p < 0.05) from 278.8 to 101.4 mg/dl.

Overtraining of aerobic physical exercise reduce rats (Rattus norvegicus) memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ridla Parwata
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Male Rat ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heavy Training

Overtraining syndrome is a decrease in physical capacity, emotions and immunity due to training that is too often without adequate periods of rest. Overtraining is often experienced by athletes who daily undergo heavy training with short break periods. This research aims to look at the effect of overtraining aerobic physical exercise on memory in mice. The research method was experimental in vivo with the subject of adult male rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Winstar strain aged 8-10 weeks, body weight 200-250 gr. Divided into three groups, namely the control group, aerobic group and overtraining group. The results of memory tests with water E Maze showed an increase in the duration of travel time and the number of animal errors made by the overtraining group (p = 0.003). This study concludes that overtraining aerobic physical exercise can reduce memory in rat hippocampus.

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