Advancing of Restorative Justice in Criminal Law in India and Germany: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Mehak Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
New Discovery

The need for alternative dispute resolution and its importance is not a new discovery. Various kinds of informal agreements existed throughout the world when Alternative Dispute Resolution was not legally recognized as such. It first, however, was employed only in civil cases, and criminal justice system was exempted from it. The state undertook the responsibility to impose sanctions (which is very much the case even now) in criminal matters and the idea of informal settlement in these cases arrived much later globally. This article seeks to put some light on two systems, that is, India’s accusatorial system and Germany’s inquisitorial system of trial, and how both the countries have gradually come up with alternative dispute resolution techniques, with the primary focus being the victim–offender mediation programmes (VOMPs) and plea bargaining. The article shall give an overview of the guiding principle behind these programmes, that is, restorative justice and further trace the historical development and the present situation in both the countries. This is a comparative analysis which shall put forth the best out of both and give suggestions to improve the existing situation, while taking learning lessons from both the countries.

scholarly journals ISLAH MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DI TINGKAT PENYIDIKAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waluyadi ,
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
Case Based

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The purpose of this reseach is to describe the reality of peace at investigation levels,  then compared to islah according to Islamic law as the reason of criminal removing, to find / to know the relevance. Based on the relevance, it possible become material for the legislators to formulate islah as a model of law enforcement at the level of investigation. This research is the normative research supported by empirical research. The data used was primary and secondary data. Data was collected by means of study documentation and interviews. Data were analyzed quatitatively dan and presented quatitatively. The research showed that the completion of criminal case based on the agreement between perpetrator and victim, along the case have not reached the judge. If the agreement is violated, they agreed to use the formal law. Criminal case which are resolved with peace/islah personalized and value of the loss is relatively small. Islam placing islah as an alternative the completion of criminal matters, along the case have not reached the judge. In the literature and practice, settling disputes with peace  known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which is based on Restorative Justice Theory. Al Qur’an has set peace/islah as a model the completion of criminal matters, long before these theories arises.  Peace/ islah in the completion of a criminal case at the level of investigation relevant to satisfy the principle of fast, simple, and inexpensive.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword : </em></strong><em>Islah, Islamic Law, Relevance and Investigation</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan realitas perdamaian pada tingkat penyidikan, selanjutnya akan dibandingkan dengan islah menurut hukum Islam sebagai alasan penghapus pidana, untuk diketahui/ ditemukan relevansinya. Berdasarkan relevansi tersebut, dimungkinkan menjadi bahan bagi pembentuk undang-undang  untuk menformulasikan islah sebagai model penegakan hukum pidana pada  tingkat penyidikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif  yang didukung dengan penelitian  empiris. Data yang digunakan mencakup data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data  dilakukan dengan cara studi dokumentasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penyelesaian perkara pidana dengan perdamaian pada tingkat penyidikan mendasarkan kesepakatan pelaku dan korban. Apabila kesepakatan itu dilanggar, mereka sepakat untuk menggunakan hukum formal. Perkara pidana yang diselesaikan dengan perdamaian/ islah, bersifat personal dan nilai kerugiannya relatif kecil. Islam menempatkan perdamaian/islah sebagai alternatif penyelesaian perkara pidana, sepanjang perkara tersebut belum sampai ke tangan hakim. Dalam literatur dan praktik,  penyelesaian perkara dengan perdamaian disebut <em>Alternative Disput Resolution </em>(ADR) yang mendasarkan pada teori <em>Restorative Justice. Al-Qur’an </em>telah menetapkan Perdamaian/ Islam sebagai model penyelesaian perkara pidana, jauh sebelum teori-teori itu muncul<em>. Perdamaian/ Islah  </em>dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana ditingkat penyidikan, relevan untuk pemenuhan asas cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Islah, Hukum Islam, Relevansi dan Penyidikan</p>

scholarly journals Sentencing Circles, Clashing Worldviews, and the Case of Christopher Pauchay

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Susan Goldbach
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
System A

The case of Christopher Pauchay demonstrates some of the differencesbetween predominant Euro-Canadian and First Nations approaches todispute resolution. The principles of sentencing circles sometimes overlapwith the principles of restorative justice and suggest their potentialincorporation into the criminal justice system. The use of alternativeprocesses that share some common values is not enough to overcome tochasm between Euro-Western and Aboriginal justice. Where underlyingworldviews diff er, those who can choose between competing valuesamidst limited possibilities will likely choose the values that refl ect theconventional system. A comparison of Euro-Western and Aboriginalapproaches to crime and punishment clarifi es why Pauchay’s sentencingcircle was unsuccessful as an alternative option. Advocates of alternativemethods must consider more than the implementation of a process whenadapting selective cultural methods to the overarching system. Withoutfurther evaluation, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) itself becomesa mechanism of recolonization.

scholarly journals PERADILAN ADAT DAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ubbe
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Law System ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Law And Justice

Pemikiran mengenai akses kepada keadilan sejatinya tidak merujuk kepada keadilan yang merujuk pada pemidanaan melainkan merujuk pada kebersaman. Dengan demikian sengketa diselesaikan melalui kesepakatan semua pihak yang terkait sehingga dapat mewujudkan perdamaian, persaudaraan dan upaya mengembalikan masyarakat kepada ketertiban dan ketenteraman sesuai dengan perasaan dan kesadaran hukum yang hidup di masyarakat yang bersangkutan. Indonesia memiliki khasanah kebudayaan berupa sistem sosial dan hukum tentang peradilan, hakim dan keadilan. Tulisan ini mengangkat permasalahan mengenai bagaimana bentuk mediasi penal dan perlindungan korban dalam restorative justice sistem; bagaimana gambaran hukum adat dan peradilannya di Indonesia; bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa alternatif dan keadilan restoratif dalam hukum adat; serta bagaimana penanganan Pelanggaran Adat dan mediasi penal dalam hukum adat. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dapat disimpulkan bahwa peradilan adat menjadi penting dalam kehidupan hukum nasional. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan trasformasi nilai hukum adat yang hidup di masyarakat tentang hukum, peradilan, hakim dan keadilan, menjadi bagian perangkat sistem hukum nasional. Upaya ini penting dilakukan guna mengahiri dikotomi antar pranata dan pemikiran ”hukum negara” dan lembaga dan pranata ”hukum rakyat”. Pendekatan keadilan restoratif dalam penerapan dan penegakan hukum, merupakan jembatan teoritis dan filosofis, untuk menjadikan nilai-nilai hukum yang hidup di masyarakat, sebagai dasar legitimasi pengembangan dan berfungsinya hukum, peradilan dan hakim adat, dalam distribusi keadilan.<p>The idea of access to justice should duly refer to the concept of harmony and not on punishment. Thereby the disputes were settled through agreement of all parties concerned in realizing peace, brotherhood and efforts to restore order and peace in accordance to the community awareness of law. Indonesia has various cultural repertoire of social and legal systems of courts, judges and justice. This paper raises the issue of how to form penal mediation and protection of victims in restorative justice system; overview on how customary law and justice in Indonesia; how alternative dispute resolution and restorative justice in customary law; as well as how to handle violations of Indigenous and penal mediation in customary law. By using normative methods can be concluded that the customary justice become important in the national law system. Therefore, it is necessary to transform the customary law values that live in the community, like the law, justice, judge, and equity, as a part of the national law system. This effort is important in order to end the dichotomy between the institutions and ideas of "state law" and "folk law". Implementation of restorative justice method is important to be the theoretical and philosophical bridge, to make the legal values that live in the community, as a basis for the development and the proper functioning of the legitimacy of customs law, justice and judges, in fairness distribution.</p>

scholarly journals Justification for Implementing Victim-Offender Mediation in the Criminal Justice System of Ghana.

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Criminal Matters

This study seeks to ascertain whether there are justifications for implementing Victim Offender Mediation (VOM) – a key Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process capable of solving the shortcomings of the Criminal Justice Systems of Ghana. Doctrinal approach to legal research was deployed using qualitative research method in perusing and analysing provisions of the Courts Act 1993 Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2010, Children’s Act 1998, Domestic Violence Act 2007 and Juvenile Justice Act 2003. It also analysed literature on the use of ADR processes in criminal matters. It was found that the selected enactments with the exception of Domestic Violence Act 2007 provided justifications for implementing VOM in Ghana. The research also reveals that only offences in the categories of misdemeanor which are not aggravated in degree and offences regarded as minor offences can be referred for settlement by VOM. Further, criminal cases involving matters of public interest and those affecting the environment could not be resolved using VOM. It is recommended that the courts should take advantage of these findings to implement the use of VOM in resolving criminal cases in Ghana; the Judicial service should liaise with experts in VOM to provide training to judges and other stakeholders to enhance their capacities to implement VOM models in Ghana; and there should be sensitization of the public on the mechanics of VOM in resolving criminal cases so that a court will not appear to its audience as compromising the criminal justice system when it refers criminal cases for settlement by VOM.

An Undergraduate Course in Psychology and the Law

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Greene ◽  
Edith Greene
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Jury Decision Making ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
The Law ◽  
Jury Decision

This article describes a course that bridged the disciplines of clinical and experimental psychology and the law. The course included discussion of issues in criminal law, such as the psychology of policing, the reliability of confessions, victimization, plea bargaining, jury decision making, and alternative dispute resolution, and in civil law, such as civil commitment, predicting dangerousness, and child custody. Course objectives, requirements, and teaching aids are outlined, and some thoughts on integrating these diverse topics are included.

The English Legal System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisdair Gillespie ◽  
Siobhan Weare
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
System P ◽  
Civil Justice System

The English Legal System presents the main areas of the legal system and encourages a critique of the wider aspects of how law is made and reformed. The book is structured in five parts. Part I looks at the sources of law including domestic and international sources. Part II looks at the courts and the practitioners. It considers the structure of the courts and tribunals, judges and judicial independence, the legal professions, and funding legal services. Part III examines the criminal justice system. It describes issues related to lay justice, trials, and criminal appeals. The next part is about the civil justice system. It looks at civil litigation, remedies, appeals and alternative dispute resolution. The final part looks to the future.

scholarly journals The Completion of Misdemeanor through Rembuk Pekon in Lampung Province

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Zulfi Diane Zaini ◽  
Lintje Anna Marpaung ◽  
Zainab Ompu Jainah ◽  
Thia Remona Febrianti ◽  
Sija Putra Rulanda
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Consequences

The resolution of a criminal offence does not have to be carried out through legal channels. Still, it can be done in the spirit of restorative justice, one of which uses the principle of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) or (win-win solution) through the Rembuk Pekon which means through consensus agreement. This study aims to determine what crimes can be resolved with the Pekon consultation, how the process is resolved, and what the legal consequences are. This study uses an empirical normative method by examining the methods, norms, rules and primary data through observation and interviews, the results of the study indicate that the types of criminal acts that can be resolved with Rembuk Pekon include minor criminal offences Article 302, Article 352 paragraph (1), Article 364, Article 373, Article 379, Article 482, Article 315, Article 407 paragraph 1, and the criminal offence of complaint Article 284 of the Criminal Code. So in this study will discuss how the process of resolving minor criminal cases through the Rembuk Pekon and the authors have a suggestion that the police should implement the Rembuk Pekon to prioritize the principles of professional, modern and reliable, this so that the implementation of the Rembuk Pekon can run optimally.

scholarly journals Plea Bargaining and Criminal Justice in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Measure Development ◽  
Continuous Review ◽  
Crime Commission ◽  
Habitual Criminal

Crime, criminals and criminality have always been serious concern for society, state and individuals. Individuals formed society to have protection for his life, property and liberty. Society to bear such liabilities created state which ultimately developed criminal justice system. Hereby, criminal justice system is developed for providing protection to life, liberty and property of individual but in developmental process individual for whose protection criminal justice system was developed, became neglected. Traditionally criminal justice system attempts to protect accused and his interests. Recently demands are made for justice to individual victim who is actual sufferer of crime commission. Recently some measures are created for providing justice to individual victim. Such measures are in process of development, and thereby, for effective justice measure development to provide justice to victim there is a need to make continuous review. Plea bargaining is one such measure recently included in Indian criminal justice system to provide justice to victim. This paper analyses plea bargaining in reference to providing of justice to victim in India. Keywords: Compensation; Criminal justice; Habitual criminal; Plea bargaining; Restorative justice; Sentence; Victim.

Traditional Justice System as Alternative Dispute Resolution Under Article 159(2)(C) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Emily Kinama
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Civil Cases ◽  
The Right

There are various forms of justice. It cannot be limited to legal justice. This paper explores the potential of traditional justice systems under the Constitution. It illustrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach in order to fully realise the right to access justice. Through a comparative analysis as well as case law, the paper demonstrates how alternative dispute resolution is not limited to civil cases, but can be applied to criminal proceedings. Challenges are pointed out and recommendations made on how to improve and effectively manage traditional justice system

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