Corporate Crime and the Use of Science in the Case of Asbestos: Producing Harm Through Discursive Shields

2020 ◽  
pp. 2631309X2097871
Author(s):  
Marília de Nardin de Nardin Budó
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
International Division ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Mineral Fiber ◽  
Scientific Labor ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This article focuses on the normalization of victimization and harms caused by asbestos, a carcinogenic mineral fiber. To understand the role played by science in hiding the wounds and deaths caused by corporations, the article starts presenting the example of Brazil, where scientific discourse of foreign experts with industry ties are influencing regulation. From there, I examine the disputes for truth in six different medical journals through grounded theory. The results show that authors use some strategies to achieve credibility: avoiding to acknowlegde industry funding; constructing a specific meaning for the controversy about asbestos risks; and reflecting about the consequences os research misconducts. The ways of thinking about asbestos riks and harms are migrating through the international division of scientific labor, both to spread harm and to avoid liability of powerful agents.

The Three Worlds, or the Division of Social Scientific Labor, circa 1950–1975

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Pletsch
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scientific Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Cold War

Our ideas of tradition, culture, and ideology found their places in the social scientific discourse of the 1950s and 1960s as part of modernization theory. This supposed theory was heir to ancient occidental habits of mythological thinking about history, as is well known.1 But the reorientation of these ideas in the postwar years was guided more specifically by the novel division of the globe into three conceptual “worlds” in response to the Cold War.

Paradigmatic literacy features in children’s argumentation in peer talk

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-251
Author(s):  
Sara Zadunaisky Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Peer Talk ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

Paradigmatic literacy features refer to ways of thinking and using language associated with academic-scientific discourse or written language. They are intimately bound up with education and appear in their emergent forms, mainly in conversations with adult partners. The present qualitative study investigates whether, and in which ways, paradigmatic literacy features emerge in pre-schoolers and fourth graders' argumentation in natural peer interactions. Segments of peer talk identified as argumentative discursive events served as our basic unit of analysis and were analysed from a discourse analytic perspective. The findings indicate that paradigmatic literacy features are embedded in peer talk at the macro level, in talk of an exploratory nature when children detach themselves from the ‘here and now’ and apply paradigmatic ways of thinking. Similarly, specific linguistic configurations related to academic discourse that manifest authority and degrees of distancing or abstractedness feature in children’s natural conversations as well. In both cases, paradigmatic literacy features fulfil social functions in peer talk. In light of the current findings, we discuss the potential contribution of peer talk to the wider context of dialogism, as well as the scope of literacy beyond the modality in question.

scholarly journals High reprint orders in medical journals and pharmaceutical industry funding: case-control study

BMJ ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 344 (jun28 1) ◽  
pp. e4212-e4212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Handel ◽  
S. V. Patel ◽  
J. Pakpoor ◽  
G. C. Ebers ◽  
B. Goldacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals General medical publications during COVID-19 show increased dissemination despite lower validation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246427
Author(s):  
Nan Gai ◽  
Kazuyoshi Aoyama ◽  
David Faraoni ◽  
Neil M. Goldenberg ◽  
David N. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Study Sites

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has yielded an unprecedented quantity of new publications, contributing to an overwhelming quantity of information and leading to the rapid dissemination of less stringently validated information. Yet, a formal analysis of how the medical literature has changed during the pandemic is lacking. In this analysis, we aimed to quantify how scientific publications changed at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We performed a cross-sectional bibliometric study of published studies in four high-impact medical journals to identify differences in the characteristics of COVID-19 related publications compared to non-pandemic studies. Original investigations related to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 published in March and April 2020 were identified and compared to non-COVID-19 research publications over the same two-month period in 2019 and 2020. Extracted data included publication characteristics, study characteristics, author characteristics, and impact metrics. Our primary measure was principal component analysis (PCA) of publication characteristics and impact metrics across groups. Results We identified 402 publications that met inclusion criteria: 76 were related to COVID-19; 154 and 172 were non-COVID publications over the same period in 2020 and 2019, respectively. PCA utilizing the collected bibliometric data revealed segregation of the COVID-19 literature subset from both groups of non-COVID literature (2019 and 2020). COVID-19 publications were more likely to describe prospective observational (31.6%) or case series (41.8%) studies without industry funding as compared with non-COVID articles, which were represented primarily by randomized controlled trials (32.5% and 36.6% in the non-COVID literature from 2020 and 2019, respectively). Conclusions In this cross-sectional study of publications in four general medical journals, COVID-related articles were significantly different from non-COVID articles based on article characteristics and impact metrics. COVID-related studies were generally shorter articles reporting observational studies with less literature cited and fewer study sites, suggestive of more limited scientific support. They nevertheless had much higher dissemination.

The uses of medical journals

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journals

Plasticity of the neural coding metaphor: An unnoticed rhetoric in scientific discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Frezza ◽  
Pierluigi Zoccolotti
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Convincing Argument ◽  
Unified View ◽  
Brain Behavior

Abstract The convincing argument that Brette makes for the neural coding metaphor as imposing one view of brain behavior can be further explained through discourse analysis. Instead of a unified view, we argue, the coding metaphor's plasticity, versatility, and robustness throughout time explain its success and conventionalization to the point that its rhetoric became overlooked.

«But putting it into practice is difficult, somehow.»

Pflege ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory

Der Theorie-Praxis-Konflikt in der Pflege ist ein bekanntes Phänomen. Bisher liegen jedoch, insbesondere auf die Verhältnisse in der BRD bezogen, kaum fundierte Pflegeforschungsergebnisse zu diesem Thema vor. So wurde ein an den Methoden der Grounded Theory orientiertes qualitatives Forschungsprojekt zur Theorie-Praxis-Vermittlung am Beispiel einer innerbetrieblichen Fortbildungsveranstaltung zu Kinästhetik in der Pflege durchgeführt, das näher untersuchen sollte, was die Umsetzung von Kinästhetik in die Pflegepraxis beeinflußt. Die Forscherin hat dazu nach der Schulung mit den TeilnehmerInnen unter anderem halbstrukturierte Interviews zu deren Erlebnissen bei der Anwendung des Gelernten in ihrer täglichen Arbeit auf Station durchgeführt. Als Ausschnitt aus den Ergebnissen wird der Einfluß der Kategorie «Eigenschaften von Kinästhetik» auf die Umsetzung durch die TeilnehmerInnen an einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung zu diesem Thema dargestellt. Damit wird etwas darüber ausgesagt, inwiefern die Tatsache, daß Kinästhetik als etwas Praktisches, etwas Fremdes und Exotisches, als mit Nähe verbunden, schwierig oder riskant wahrgenommen wird, Auswirkungen auf die Anwendung des neu gelernten Wissens in der Praxis hat. Der Bezug dieser Kategorie zur Schlüssel-Kategorie «Einbau von Wissen und von Neuem» wird abschließend aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie machen deutlich, daß die ausschließliche Konzentration auf Wissensvermittlung der Komplexität des Umsetzungsprozesses nicht gerecht wird.

NS-Verfolgte mit Migrationshintergrund als Patienten in der Geriatrie

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Andrea Zielke-Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory

Hintergrund: Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse verschiedener qualitativ-explorativer Studien zu Biographien von NS-Verfolgten mit Migrationshintergrund (Juden aus der GUS, Roma, Sinti und ehemaligen polnischen Zwangsarbeitern). Ziel ist die Erhebung der spezifischen Pflegebedürfnisse dieser vulnerablen Klientel im Hinblick auf ihre Abhängigkeit von anderen im Alter, wenn sie medizinische und pflegerische Versorgung benötigt. Methode: Semi-strukturierte Interviews auf der Basis der Grounded Theory wurden eingesetzt, um die soziale und familiale Situation der Befragten zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Die Angst, offen über ihre Verfolgungserfahrungen zu sprechen, ist das hervorstechendste Merkmal all dieser Migranten. In vielen Fällen hat das Trauma die Verbindung zu ihrer Umgebung gebrochen und ausgeprägte Gefühle der Isolation und Hilflosigkeit hervorgerufen. Obwohl sie aus unterschiedlichen sozialen Milieus stammen, gibt es eine Reihe von Verhaltensweisen, die ihnen gemeinsam sind und auf eine Verfolgungsgeschichte hinweisen. Zugleich enthüllt die Befragung ihren unsicheren Status als Migranten und ihr Leben in einer Gesellschaft, die sie oft als marginalisierend und ausschließend empfinden.

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