scholarly journals The influence of yarn fineness and number of yarn layers on in-plane shear properties of 3-D woven fabric

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X1989792
Author(s):  
Liuxiang Guan ◽  
Jialu Li ◽  
Ya’nan Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Image Correlation ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Bias Extension Test ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Large Application ◽  
Bias Extension

The 3-D layer-to-layer angle-interlock woven fabric (LLAIWF) has good deformability on a complicated contour, which offers them a large application potential in the field of aerospace. This article mainly focuses on the influence of yarn fineness and number of yarn layers on in-plane shear properties of 3-D LLAIWF during bias extension. Two methods of varying the thickness of 3-D LLAIWF were designed: changing yarn fineness and changing the number of yarn layers. The deformation mechanism of LLAIWF in bias-extension test was analyzed. The effects of two methods on in-plane shear deformation were compared and analyzed. In addition to the data processing on the experimental curve, digital image correlation analysis was conducted on the test photographs, from which shear angles in different area shear angle were measured. The mesostructure of fabric during the bias-extension test was observed. The effect of decreasing yarn layers on the mesostructure of fabric was observed by cutting fabric. The results demonstrated that the yarn fineness and the number of yarn layers play a key role in the in-plane shear properties of 3-D LLAIWF. In addition, the changing of fabric thickness causes that the deformation is asymmetrical. The effect of warp yarn fineness is similar to that of weft yarn fineness during the bias-extension test. Reducing the internal yarns of the fabric created a gap, where the yarns were reduced. This gap will affect the deformability of the fabric.

scholarly journals A novel discrete method of shear angle measurement for in-plane shear properties of thermoset prepreg using a point-tracking algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 2001-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corentin Pasco ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Kenneth Kendall
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Shear Angle ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Discrete Method ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Bias Extension

Determining accurate in-plane shear properties of dry and prepreg fabrics is dependent upon the correct measurement of actual shear angle values. This paper presents a novel discrete method of shear angle measurement for in-plane shear properties of thermoset prepreg using a point-tracking algorithm. Two different reinforcement forms of woven and unidirectional with the same rapid-cure resin system are used in this study. In-plane shear tests of picture-frame and bias-extension are employed to evaluate the new discrete method under conditions representative of high-volume manufacturing, i.e. fast deformation rate and elevated temperature. This study demonstrates that the proposed discrete method is capable of measuring the shear angle correctly until large shear deformation, unlike traditional methods such as digital image correlation and the pin-jointed network approach. Furthermore, the normalised shear force data presents a better correlation of the two tests based on the actual shear angle measurement obtained from this novel discrete method.

Experimental and finite element analysis of in-plane shear properties of a carbon non-crimp fabrics at macroscopic scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Deghboudj ◽  
Wafia Boukhedena ◽  
Hamid Satha
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Bias Extension Test ◽  
Bias Extension ◽  
Composite Reinforcement

Shear deformation of composite reinforcement is the most significant and important mechanism of material characterization. So, in-plane shear properties of composite reinforcement are important parameters for determining application and use of this category of materials. The bias extension test is frequently employed to investigate the in-plane shear behavior of composites fabrics with a length equal to or greater than twice its width. In the first part of this work, bias extension tests on non-crimp fabrics have been conducted. Force and displacement were measured and registered. From obtained data, shear angles and normalized shear forces were theoretically determined. The second part was a finite element analysis of the same test based on hypo elastic model at macroscopic scale. The software ABAQUS/Explicit was used to carry out the finite element analysis in the work.

Large Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Plain Woven Composite in Bias Extension Test

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zhu ◽  
T.X. Yu ◽  
Xiao Ming Tao
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformation ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Bias Extension Test ◽  
Bias Extension ◽  
Digital Image Correlation Analysis

Large shear deformation of plain woven composite sheets and corresponding failure mechanism are investigated by bias extension test. Digital image correlation analysis was conducted on a series of photos taken during the test. Four typical phases were identified, and a theoretical model of the large deformation is proposed from energy point of view. Numerical simulations have also been carried out, but it will be reported in a subsequent paper.

scholarly journals Bias extension test on an unbalanced woven composite reinforcement: Experiments and modeling via a second-gradient continuum approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Barbagallo ◽  
Angela Madeo ◽  
Ismael Azehaf ◽  
Ivan Giorgio ◽  
Fabrice Morestin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Second Gradient ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Bias Extension Test ◽  
Bias Extension ◽  
Deformation Patterns ◽  
Second Gradient Continuum

The classical continuum models used for the woven fabrics do not fully describe the whole set of phenomena that occur during the testing of those materials. This incompleteness is partially due to the absence of energy terms related to some microstructural properties of the fabric and, in particular, to the bending stiffness of the yarns. To account for the most fundamental microstructure-related deformation mechanisms occurring in unbalanced interlocks, a second-gradient, hyperelastic, initially orthotropic continuum model is proposed. A constitutive expression for the strain energy density is introduced to account for (a) in-plane shear deformations, (b) highly different bending stiffnesses in the warp and weft directions, and (c) fictive elongations in the warp and weft directions which eventually describe the relative sliding of the yarns. Numerical simulations which are able to reproduce the experimental behavior of unbalanced carbon interlocks subjected to a bias extension test are presented. In particular, the proposed model captures the macroscopic asymmetric S-shaped deformation of the specimen, as well as the main features of the associated deformation patterns of the yarns at the mesoscopic scale.

Reduction of weaving process-induced warp yarn damage and crimp of leno scrims based on coarse high-performance fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 3326-3341
Author(s):  
D Weise ◽  
M Vorhof ◽  
R Brünler ◽  
C Sennewald ◽  
G Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
First Time

In this paper, a constructively and technologically modified leno loom is introduced, which enables for the first time the low-damage processing of coarse high-performance fibers such as heavy tows with a non-crimped warp and weft yarn system to scrims. The modified leno loom requires just a single shedding element to achieve the vertical and horizontal offset motion of the weft yarn system for pattern generation. These modifications allow the low-damage processing of coarse high-performance fibers in the warp (straight yarn) and the weft yarn systems to create leno fabrics. These leno fabrics produced with the modified loom are investigated experimentally. By means of a three-factorial analysis of variance, the influence of tensile forces operating during processing and weft density on the crimp and the tensile strength of the straight yarn is examined. It is revealed that the property degradation (tensile/breaking strength) of the straight yarn caused by the weaving process is drastically reduced to 4.2% compared to an unprocessed roving. The determined crimp of the straight yarn affected by process-inherent tensile forces is 0.1% at its maximum. Thus, the presented leno-woven fabrics offer an enormous application potential for the reinforcement of brittle matrices, such as ceramic or concrete.

scholarly journals Development of Models to Predict Tensile Strength of Cotton Woven Fabrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Malik ◽  
Mumtaz Hasan Malik ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Farooq Ahmed Arain
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Yarn Strength ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Cotton Yarns ◽  
Fabric Strength

Tensile strength has been accepted as one of the most important performance attributes of woven textiles. In this work, multiple linear regression models are developed by using empirical data for the prediction of woven fabric tensile strength manufactured from cotton yarns. Tensile strength of warp & weft yarns, warp & weft fabric density, and weave design were used as input parameters to determine warp- and weft-way tensile strength of the woven fabrics. The developed models are able to predict the fabric strength with very good accuracy. Warp yarn strength and ends per 25 mm are found to be the most dominant factors influencing fabric strength in warp direction while weft yarn strength and picks per 25 mm are most vital in weft direction.

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