Quality Evaluation of Ethiopian 100% Cotton Carded Ring Spun Yarn with Respect to USTER Standards

Yarn quality influences both fabric production processes efficiency and export market. One method used to gauge competitiveness of an industry is to study its product quality. The aim of this research work is to evaluate the quality of Ethiopian textile spinning mills’ 100% cotton carded ring spun yarns in terms of its evenness (coefficient of mass variation, CVm), imperfections (thick and thin places, neps), and tensile properties with USTER Statistics 2018. Five spinning mills (B3, A0, A2, A4, and K3) of 15N, 20Ne, 25Ne, 30Ne, 35Ne, and 40Ne nominal yarn counts have been selected for the study. The yarn evenness and imperfections were measured using USTER tester 5 and tensile using a STATIMAT tester. The USTER statistical results showed 20.3Ne (mill B3), 32Ne (mill A4), and 36.2Ne (mill A2) had better overall quality, respectively. It was observed that most selected spinning mills had low evenness, imperfections, yarn strength, and good yarn elongation. Tensile properties of A2 (32.85Ne and 36.2Ne) had fallen under 5% USTER statistics percentile which indicates excellent yarn strength. Generally, from studied mills, it was seen that 61.5% of cotton yarn CVm and thin places falls at above 95% and 15% of yarn tenacity falls at ≤5% of Uster statistical percentile.

Production of Fine Count Yarns from Some Extra-long Egyptian Cottons on Different Spinning Systems

The current research was carried out to produce fine count yarns from extra-long Egyptian cotton varieties using compact and ring spinning systems.in addition, to compare between compact yarns and ring yarns in terms of their physical and mechanical properties. Three commercial extra-long staple Egyptian cottons Giza92, Giza93 and Giza 96 were used to produce four linear densities of 80, 100, 120 and 140 at 3.6 twist multiplier. Results obtained showed that Giza 92 was surpassed significantly other extra -long staple varieties. It recorded the highest mean values of yarn strength and yarn evenness While, the same variety recorded the lowest mean values of yarn hairiness and imperfections. Compact yarns were much better than yarns spun on the ring spinning in yarn strength, yarn elongation, evenness, yarn imperfections and yarn hairiness. Yarn count 80,s gave higher single yarn strength (20.89cN/tex), yarn elongation (5.03%) and yarn evenness (17.49%) and lower yarn hairiness (2.04) and imperfections than yarn count 140s. Single yarn strength, yarn elongation and yarn evenness were decreased with increasing yarn count. While the number of neps, hairiness, the number of thin and thick places were increased with increasing yarn count. Concerning, the effect of interaction between cotton varieties × yarn counts × spinning systems on yarn quality properties. Yarn count 80s recorded the highest mean values of yarn strength (23.14, 21.1 and 20.2 cN/tex) and yarn evenness (17.72, 16.53 and 16.79%) for varieties Giza92, Giza93 and Giza96, respectively for compact spinning system. Yarn strength at count 80, 100, 120 and 140 correlated negatively and highly significant with micronaire value and maturity ratio.

Numerical Simulation of Fiber Motion in the Condensing Zone of Lateral Compact Spinning with Pneumatic Groove

Lateral compact spinning with pneumatic groove is a spinning process to gather fibers by common actions of airflow and mechanical forces. Compared with ring spinning, it can more effectively reduce yarn hairiness and enhance yarn strength. However, fiber motion in the agglomeration area is complex. And, it is important to establish a new fiber model to accurately describing the fiber motion. The objectives of this research were to create a new fiber model to simulate the agglomeration process, to analyze yarn properties of the lateral compact spinning with pneumatic groove, and to compare with other spinning yarns through a series of tests. The new fiber model was based on the finite element method implemented in MATLAB and was to show the fiber motion during the agglomeration area. The simulation generated results were close to the real motion of fibers in spinning. In the lateral compact spinning with pneumatic groove, fiber bundle through the agglomeration area can be gathered, and the output of the fiber bundle was nearly to cylinder before yarn twisted. The experiments demonstrated that the lateral compact spinning with pneumatic groove can improve the yarn properties: increase the yarn twist, enhance the yarn strength, and reduce the yarn hairiness.

Prediction of yarn strength based on an expert weighted neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization

Aiming at solving the problem that existing artificial neural networks (ANNs) still have low accuracy in predicting yarn strength, this study combines traditional expert experience and an ANN to propose a hybrid network, named the expert weighted neural network. Many studies have shown that it is reliable to predict yarn strength based on ANN technology. However, most ANN training models face with problems of low accuracy and easy trapping into their local minima. The strength prediction of traditional yarns relies on expert experience. Obvious expert experience can help the model perform preliminary learning and help the algorithm model achieve higher accuracy. Therefore, this study proposes a neural network model that combines expert weights and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The model uses PSO to optimize the weights of experts and investigates its effectiveness in yarn strength prediction.

Pengaruh Penyetelan Squeezing Roll Pada Mesin Sizing Terhadap Kekuatan Benang

The process of applying starch to the warp yarn in order to increase the weaving power of the warp yarn in the presence of a starch layer, is expected to increase the strength of the yarn and reduce the yarn hairs. One of the factors that influence the sizing process is the amount of pressure in the squeezing roll. In this process, the sizing machine uses a double size box and each size box has 2 (two) squeezing rolls. The material used is Combed Ne 40 yarn with construction ,which is the amount of tetal or the density of the yarn with the construction included in the tetal of the dense warp yarn. The method used by comparing the pressure of squeezing roll process 1 and process 2. In the first process, the squeezing roll 1 is set at 3 kN and squeezing roll 2 is 3.5 kN, while in the second sizing process, the squeezing roll 1 is set at 4 kN and squeezing roll 2 for 5kN. After the experimental process was carried out, the starch warp yarn strength was obtained which was higher, namely 351.93gr and compared to process 2 which was 345.84 gr. The higher from the strength of the starchy yarn, can make it better for weaving process.

Experimental determination of cotton yarn strength at different speeds of movement obtained by various technological methods

Our results on the strength parameters of cotton yarns manufactured by carded and combed systems by ring and rotor spinning (CD-carded ring-spun, OE-carded rotor-spun, CM-combed ring-spun) are presented. Experiments to test yarns for strength were conducted on a “Statimat C” tensile installation at speeds of the lower end of the yarn from 100 mm/min to 1000 mm/min. From the diagrams of yarn stretching to breaking, the changes in breaking load, specific breaking load, critical strain values at which the yarn breaks, time of stretching before breaking, depending on the strain rate for the considered types of yarns, were determined. The analysis of the experimental results obtained shows the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the change in strength parameters of three varieties of yarns.

Influence of yarn parameters on cotton/kenaf blended yarn characteristics

Spinning kenaf fibers into yarns is challenging due to the stiffness and lack of cohesiveness of the fibers. Alkali treatment is known to remove hemicellulose, wax, and breaks down lignin, reducing stiffness of kenaf fiber and improving its spinnability. Kenaf fibers were treated at percentages of 4% and 6% and blended with cotton fibers at blend ratios of 40:60 and 50:50 prior to a ring spinning process to produce a double ply yarn of 70 tex. Yarn were twisted at three sets of twist. The responses were measured in terms of carding waste percentages and yarn strength. The results showed that the optimized yarn structural parameter is kenaf fiber treated at 6% and with a kenaf/cotton 40/60 blending ratio based on its tenacity and minimum carding waste. ANOVA shows that there is a good interaction effect between NaOH and kenaf/cotton ratio, and NaOH concentration and twist.

Statistical analysis of fiber quality to obtain a correlation between the fiber and yarn quality

The purpose of this research was to make a correlation between the fiber and yarn quality based on different properties of the fiber. The properties of cotton fiber were tested by the High Volume Instrument (HVI) machine. Firstly, we collect fiber from a different lot and then tested the properties by the High Volume Instrument (HVI) Machine. After that, we made yarn from that lot and made the same count of yarn. The tested properties were mic, length, maturity, strength, elongation, moisture, etc. The same count of yarn was tested by the USTER EVENESS TESTER machine. Comparing the HVI report and the USTER TESTER report, we saw that how to effect different fiber properties of the different lot on the same count of yarn quality. Then we made a correlation between them. The observation suggested that yarn strength and fineness are depended upon fiber maturity. This paper reports a glimpse of the effect of fiber properties on yarn quality.

Determination of Optimum Twist Equation for the Long Staple Combed Cotton Ring-Spun Yarn

The aim of this research was to determine the optimum twist equation for ring-spun yarns. The yarn twist can be calculated by different equations. With the research, we tried to find the appropriate equation to determine the yarn twist, which is determined by the values of yarn strength and hairiness. In the research, yarns from long staple combed cotton rovings and of different fineness (10 tex, 11.8 tex, 20 tex and 29.4 tex) were analyzed. The yarn twist was calculated using the equations of Koechlin and Laetsch. The analyzed yarns were produced in the spinning mill on the laboratory ring spinning machine Spinntester. In the second part of the investigation, yarn strength and hairiness were analyzed as a function of yarn twist. The results showed that Laetsch’s equation is suitable for determining the twist for yarns with a fineness of 10 tex, 11.8 tex, 20 tex and 29.4 tex, since, in this case, the calculated number of yarn threads is higher and thus the strength and elongation at break are also higher. The yarn hairiness is higher in analyzed samples for yarns with the twist calculated according to the Koechlin’s equation.