Branchial Cleft Anomalies: Embryogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management

FACE ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 273250162110722
Author(s):  
Hannes Prescher ◽  
Shelby L. Nathan ◽  
Bruce S. Bauer ◽  
Russell R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Anatomic Locations

Branchial cleft anomalies are congenital head and neck lesions that arise from incomplete maturation of the branchial apparatus during fetal development. The branchial arches are the precursors of the face, neck and pharynx, and disturbances in embryogenesis can present clinically as cysts, sinus tracts, and fistulas in predictable anatomic locations. However, there remains controversy regarding the precise embryogenesis of branchial cleft anomalies with several competing theories. These lesions often evade diagnosis in early childhood and may present in a delayed fashion after multiple failed interventions. Various diagnostic modalities have been described to facilitate clinical workup. Definitive treatment is complete surgical excision of the lesion. We present a comprehensive review of the literature along with several illustrative cases that highlight the unique challenges of diagnosis and surgical management of branchial cleft anomalies.

scholarly journals Three cases of branchial fistula in one family: a rare presentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Rupa Mehta ◽  
Jyoti Ranjan Das ◽  
Nitin M. Nagarkar
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Internal Opening ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Branchial Fistula

<p>Branchial cleft anomalies comprise approximately 30% of congenital neck mass and present as cyst, sinus or fistula. They occur due to disturbance in the maturation of the branchial apparatus during fetal development. They are congenital lesions usually present in childhood, but they are usually diagnosed in later childhood or early adulthood because of enlargement or infection. Branchial cleft fistulae are usually diagnosed earlier than cysts. Correct diagnosis leads to proper management. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Second branchial cleft and pouch anomalies are commonest amongst all branchial cleft lesions, but complete second branchial cleft anomalies with external and internal opening is rare. Branchial anomalies with family history are also very rare. Here we present a case report of complete branchial fistula with family history which was managed by complete excision of fistula through transcervical and transoral approaches. 3 members of one family in 2 generations presented with branchial apparatus anomalies (father and his two children, elder son and younger daughter). All of them were having branchial fistula on right side of neck since birth.</p>

scholarly journals Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma - Excision Through Lateral Rhinotomy and Sublabial Approach - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
NK Sinha ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
MM Shaheen ◽  
DC Talukder ◽  
MAY Fakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Sublabial Approach

Juvenile angiofibroma is a rare hypervascular, locally aggressive benign tumour which is exclusively found in the nose and paranasal sinuses of male adolescents. The definitive treatment for this tumour is complete surgical excision. Different surgical approaches are used for complete excision. Most recent development is excision of the tumour using endoscopes. But in certain cases with large size and different extensions, open transfacial approaches are the choice for complete removal and for less operative bleeding, which are the main challenges for surgical excision of this tumour. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i1.8587 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2011; 20(1) :78-81

scholarly journals Branchial Cysts in Quito, Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. e347-e350
Author(s):  
Luis Pacheco-Ojeda ◽  
Andrés Ayala-Ochoa ◽  
Karla Salvador
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Branchial Cleft Cyst ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Lower Neck ◽  
Clinical Records

Introduction Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common congenital anomaly in children. However, some lesions may not develop clinically and are not diagnosed until adulthood. The recent literature of branchial cysts (BCs) in the adult population is really scanty. For this reason, we analyzed the clinical and surgical management of the adult population treated for a BC at a tertiary care general hospital. Methods A retrospective review of the clinical records of all the patients with histological diagnosis of BC who were surgically treated at the Social Security Hospital in Quito, Ecuador, was performed. Fifty-one patients (27 women) with congenital anomalies of the 2nd (43 patients with cysts) and 3rd (6 patients with cysts and 2 with fistula) branchial arches were diagnosed and treated. Diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and by computed tomography scan. Results The 43 patients with a 2nd branchial cleft cyst underwent complete surgical excision through a wide mid-neck transverse cervicotomy. The 6 cases of 3rd branchial cleft cyst underwent surgical resection through a lower-neck transverse incision, and the 2 patients with clinical fistula in the lower aspect of the neck were operated on via an elliptical incision around this external fistula opening. Postoperative evolution was uneventful in all patients. Conclusions Branchial cysts can occasionally be diagnosed in adult patients in the setting of a general hospital population. A correct clinical and imaging assessment was diagnostic in most patients. Complete surgical resection was curative in all our patients, and postoperative complications were exceptional.

scholarly journals Presentation of Branchial Cleft Anomalies: Case Reports and Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
TS Rao ◽  
Bikash Pandey ◽  
Chhanya Bhandary ◽  
Prashant Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Branchial Fistula ◽  
Lateral Neck Swelling

Type 2 branchial cleft anomalies are the most common cause of lateral neck swelling. We report two cases of type 2 branchial cleft anomalies. The first case is branchial cleft cyst and the second one is branchial fistula. Both cases were managed surgically. The post operative outcomes were uneventful. Second branchial cleft anomalies are the most common branchial anomalies. Branchial cysts are more common than sinuses and branchial fistulae are extremely rare. There is no gender predilection. The location, clinical symptoms and imaging findings aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.Keywords: branchial cleft; branchial cyst; branchial fistula.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Findings of Complete Branchial Cleft Fistula

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132095648
Author(s):  
Jackson King ◽  
Brian Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rare Variant ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft

Branchial cleft anomalies are embryonic remnants of the branchial arches and are described as the second most common congenital neck mass. Depending on their extent, these anomalies are classified as a cyst, sinus, or fistula with branchial cysts being the most common. Branchial cysts deriving from the second branchial arch are by far the most common, accounting for approximately 95% of all cases. Complete second branch arch fistulas with both an internal and external opening are a rare variant of this anomaly, and even less have been well-documented on computed tomography (CT) imaging in the literature. We present here a case of a 20-year-old female with CT findings consistent with a complete second branchial arch fistula extending from the tonsillar fossa to the external lateral neck.

Asphyxiation Caused by Giant Fibrovascular Polyp of the Esophagus

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Sargent ◽  
Ian C. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cervical Esophagus ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Fibrovascular Polyp ◽  
Histologic Component

Abstract Giant fibrovascular polyps of the esophagus are rare, benign, “tumorlike” lesions that typically present as large pedunculated growths arising in the cervical esophagus. The predominant histologic component of these lesions is variable, often resulting in misdiagnosis. Clinically, these polyps present with nonspecific symptoms and are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed until they are significant in size. Diagnosis is best made by upper endoscopic evaluation; surgical excision is the definitive treatment. Although rare, asphyxia resulting from obstruction of the glottis is the most serious complication. We describe a case of asphyxiation caused by laryngeal occlusion by a giant esophageal polyp and we provide a review of the literature.

A LARGE SCALP MYXOID NEUROFIBROMA AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION IN A MIDDLE- AGED PATIENT: A RARE CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Das ◽  
Mala Mistri ◽  
Sukanta Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Fluctuation Test ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scalp Location ◽  
Giant Size

The transformed cells in a neoplasm, whether benign or malignant, often resemble each other, as though all had been derived from a single progenitor, consistent with the monoclonal origin of the tumor. Myxoid neurobroma (MN) is a benign tumor of perineural origin, which is demonstrated by positive immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein. The most common locations are the face, shoulder, anus, periungual, and feet. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an MN in the scalp, which is a very rare location that has been reported earlier. The differential diagnosis of the tumor at this location MN should be kept in mind. This 56 years old male who presented with a large swelling in the scalp (occipital region) which extended to the nape of nack for last 3 years which is gradually increasing in size along with heaviness, intermittent severe pain in the head. Clinically (25x20) cm size swelling in the occipital area and extending to the nape of the neck. The swelling is nontender. It is ovoid in shape . Soft cystic in consistency, the surface is smooth, margins are well dened, the mobility is absent. Fluctuation test is negative but the swelling is brilliantly transilluminant. CONCLUSION: We report this case because of the rarity of both the tumor and its scalp location and also a giant size and to provide a review of the literature. This case study illustrates that any slowly progressing swelling in an unusual location should have been properly investigated and complete surgical excision is the preferred choice of treatment for future recurrence. The MN should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors at this location.

Giant lipoma of the face and neck – a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
P. Bortnik ◽  
J. Borys ◽  
P. Załęski ◽  
A. Stankevich ◽  
E. Tryniszewska . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
The Face ◽  
Giant Lipoma ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis

A 65-year-old patient with multiple lipomas of various body regions presented to the Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic in Bialystok to treat a giant lipoma of the face and neck. After undergoing in-depth diagnostics (CT of this area), the patient was qualified and prepared for planned surgery in the clinic. The treatment of choice was a complete surgical excision of the lipoma. The intra- and postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the tentative diagnosis established on the basis of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy and clinical examination.

Bilateral First Branchial Cleft Cysts: Case Report and Literature Review

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmon E. Schwartz ◽  
Thomas C. Calcaterra
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Branchial Cleft Cyst ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Similar Lesion ◽  
Prior Report ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Branchial Cleft Cysts

Instances of first branchial cleft anomalies are quite uncommon. A patient with a first branchial cleft cyst was seen and surgically treated at UCLA Hospital in 1972. Three years later he developed a similar lesion on the opposite side of his neck and this also was surgically excised. A review of the literature has revealed only one prior report of bilateral first branchial cleft anomalies. The embryogenesis, diagnosis, and surgical management of these lesions are discussed in this paper.

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirkland ◽  
N. B. Solomons ◽  
N. A. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma ◽  
The Face ◽  
Adnexal Tumour

AbstractMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare adnexal tumour which has only recently been recognized as a separate clinicopathological entity. It typically affects the face of the middle-aged and often requires extensive surgical excision, due to its locally invasive nature. Its clinical significance is that, despite being locally invasive, MAC is typified by a lack of metastatic spread. We present a case and review of the literature.

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