Antimicrobial Liquid Formulations: A Blind Comparison of Taste of 13 Commonly Prescribed Medications

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Schotik Chan ◽  
Denise M Demers ◽  
James W Bass
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Blind Comparison ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To rate the perception of taste, texture, smell, and aftertaste of 13 commonly prescribed liquid medications, including four new drugs: Zithromax, Cedax, Ceftin, and Biaxin. Design: Each category was scored on a scale of 1 to 5 by 30 volunteers in a blinded study. The order in which the drugs were sampled was randomized for 15 of the participants. The order was reversed for the remaining 15 participants. The drugs used in the study were Amoxil (amoxicillin), Biaxin (clarithromycin), Ceclor (cefaclor), Cedax (Ceftibuten), Ceftin (cefuroxime), Cefzil (cefprozil), Dynapen (dicloxacillin), Keflex (cephalexin), Suprax (Cefixime), Trimox (amoxicillin), Vantin (Cefpodoxime), VeeTids (penicillin VK), and Zithromax (azithromycin). Setting: A 537-bed US Army teaching hospital. Participants: Participants included 30 healthy adult volunteers from the Departments of Pediatrics, Nursing, and Pharmacy. Main Outcome Measures: Drugs received cumulative scores in each category as well as an overall total score ranking. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA for repeated measures with a post hoc Duncan's multiple-range test to determine significant differences between individual means. The level of significance was set at a p value of 0.05 or less. Results: Overall, Trimox was better than all other drugs tested except Suprax; Dynapen was inferior to all except Biaxin and VeeTids. Zithromax scored higher than Biaxin in the texture, taste, and overall categories. Biaxin scored lower than all other drugs tested in the texture category. Ceftin was better than Cedax in the smell category, but Cedax was superior to Ceftin in the texture, taste, aftertaste, and overall categories. Conclusions: All of the new drugs tested were significantly different from each other (Cedax > Zithromax > Ceftin > Biaxin).

Antimicrobial Liquid Formulations: A Blind Taste Comparison of Three Brands of Penicillin VK and Three Brands of Amoxicillin

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Schotik Chan ◽  
Denise M Demers ◽  
James W Bass
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Liquid Suspensions ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Better Than

OBJECTIVE: To rate the perception of taste, texture, smell and aftertaste of various brands of penicillin VK and amoxicillin. DESIGN: Oral, liquid formulations of three brands of penicillin VK (PenVee K, V-Cillin-K, VeeTids) and three brands of amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox) were evaluated for smell, texture, taste, and aftertaste by 30 volunteers in a blind study. Each category was scored on a scale of 1 to 5. The order in which the drugs were sampled was randomized for the first three groups of five participants. The order then was reversed for the remaining three groups of participants. SETTING: A 537-bed US Army teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 30 healthy adult volunteers from the Departments of Pediatrics, Nursing, and Pharmacy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Drugs received cumulative scores in each category, as well as an overall total score ranking. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for repeated measures with a post hoc Duncan's multiple range test to determine significant differences between individual means. RESULTS: Overall, Trimox and Amoxil scored significantly higher than the remaining drugs. Although V-Cillin-K scored highest in the smell category, its score was significantly below those of Trimox and Amoxil in the texture, taste, aftertaste, and overall categories. Overall, the three penicillin VK solutions scored lower than the three amoxicillin suspensions, with PenVee K ranking the lowest. Among the penicillin VK solutions, V-Cillin-K scored significantly higher overall than the other two penicillin VK solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, all three amoxicillin oral, liquid suspensions that were studied scored significantly better than the three penicillin VK solutions.

scholarly journals ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI POTENTIATES HAEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Damodara Gowda K. M. ◽  
Lathika Shetty ◽  
Krishna A. P. ◽  
Suchetha Kumari N. ◽  
Ganesh Sanjeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Nardostachys Jatamansi ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Haematopoietic System

Abstract Background and Objective: The consumption of a variety of local herbs and vegetables by man contributes significantly to the improvement of human health in terms of prevention, and/or cure of diseases because plants have long served as a useful and natural source of therapeutic agents. The present study aims at investigating the hematopoietic effect of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE) in albino wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty four male albino wistar rats were used and divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. The Group I served as a normal control. The animals of Group II, III and IV were administered orally with aqueous suspension of NJE at the dosage of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight for 15 consecutive days respectively. Then blood was Blood was collected and used for the estimation of Peripheral blood counts (RBC, WBC), haemoglobin, thrombocyte count and Hematocrit was determined at day 0.25 (6 hrs), 0.5 (12 hrs), 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 days of treatment using automated haematology analyzer. Body weight was also recorded regularly. Statistical Analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons using SPSS-16. P value less than 0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results: All the parameters have shown a significant increase (p = 0.000) in experimental animals except body weight which was increased insignificantly. Conclusion: Nardostachys jatamansi extract can be attributed to stimulating or protecting hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals Comparison of early treatment outcomes rendered in three different types of malocclusions

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Valmy Pangrazio-Kulbersh ◽  
He-Kyong Kang ◽  
Archana Dhawan ◽  
Riyad Al-Qawasmi ◽  
Rafael Rocha Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the outcome of early treatment in Class I, II, and III malocclusions based on the reduction of weighted Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores. Materials and Methods: Two hundred thirty subjects (female = 105; male = 125) selected from 400 cases were divided into three groups based on their malocclusions (Class I, II, and III). The PAR index was evaluated prior to early treatment (T0), at the end of phase I (T1), and after completion of phase II therapy (T2). The reliability of overall PAR scores was assessed by Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient. The starting age, total weighted PAR scores and their changes after phase I and II treatments, treatment time, and the percentage of correction in the three different malocclusions were assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: More than 30% reduction of the weighted PAR scores and less than 10 points of the remaining weighted PAR scores were observed in all malocclusion groups at T1. The Class III group had the highest percentage of correction during phase I treatment. Conclusions: Early treatment effectively reduced the complexity of Class I, II, and III malocclusions and accounted for 57%, 64%, and 76% of the total correction, respectively, after phase I treatment, as indicated by an overall reduction in weighted PAR scores. The Class III group responded most favorably to early treatment followed by the Class II group.

Anticipation of Professional Soccer Goalkeepers When Facing Right-and Left-Footed Penalty Kicks

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry McMorris ◽  
Sion Colenso
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Ball Contact ◽  
Temporal Occlusion ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Foot Position ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to examine the anticipation of professional soccer goalkeepers when facing right- and left-footed penalty kicks. Subjects were shown a videotape of 10 right-footed and 10 left-footed penalty kicks. A standard temporal occlusion paradigm was used, with each penalty being presented at 3 occlusion points, 2 frames before foot-ball contact, at the moment of foot-ball contact, and 2 frames after foot-ball contact. A 2-way (foot X occlusion point) analysis of variance (with repeated measures) indicated that anticipation to right-footed kicks was significantly better than that to left-footed kicks. There were no other significant results. Post hoc interviews indicated that the subjects claimed to use angle of approach to the ball, foot position at contact, and hip position at the time of foot-ball contact as the main cues to aid anticipation.

scholarly journals The Effects of Text Type, Text Length and Text Difficulty on Vocabulary Retention through Glossing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Tadayonifar
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vocabulary Retention ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Text Length ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

Vocabulary plays a pivotal role in the EFL classrooms, but the outcome for recalling the vocabulary items are not satisfactory. As a result, the current study aims at examining the effects of glossing on different types of texts with different difficulty levels and varying lengths on vocabulary retention. In a quasi-experimental within subject design two types of text, namely, expository and narrative, three difficulty levels of easy, standard and difficult and two text lengths, including short and long were utilized. Forty-one participants were exposed to the 12 texts and then took the post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in vocabulary retention of students (F 7.72), p=. 05. The findings of post- hoc analysis Tukey test indicated that the texts which were short with regard to length, easy with regard to difficulty, and expository with respect to type helped students retain the glossed words better than other texts.

scholarly journals Effects of Metronidazole as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Ambrina Qureshi ◽  
Zeba Haque ◽  
Hina Qureshi ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Treating periodontitis with metronidazole (MET) as an adjunct to scaling root planing (SRP) is suggested to have inconsistent effects on insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This paper will present the effects of MET, in addition to SRP, on the homeostatis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). A three-arm clinical trial was conducted and analyses were performed on T2DM participants with periodontitis (n = 74) who completed follow-up visits at 3 and 6 months after the intervention. The observed between-group and within-group mean changes in IR were found using ANOVA with repeated measures, followed by a post-hoc analysis, and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Between-group analyses showed no difference in the HOMA-IR at 3 months, but at 6 months the difference was significant (p = 0.046). Within-group analyses showed that the HOMA-IR was significantly reduced in both test groups (p ≤ 0.05) over the period of time. Adjunct use of MET may result in a sudden short-term lowering of the HOMA-IR level within 3 months that may not be retained over 6 months when compared to the sustained lowering of the HOMA-IR levels in T2DM when intervened with SRP without MET.

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE CARDIAC REHABILITATION IN POST CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Md Anwar Sadat Halder ◽  
Saumen Kumar De
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Usual Care Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Care Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Despite optimum medical and surgical management, a large number of patients became unable to maintain normal activity of daily living due to inadequate rehabilitation. Rehabilitation cannot be regarded as an isolated form or stage of therapy. Coronary artery bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft surgery, is a surgical procedure to bypass the obstructed coronary artery (the "target vessel"). India has a large number of patients of coronary artery disease who needs CABG operation. Over few decades post-operative rehabilitation of CABG patients is done though there is no separate national level guidelines for Indian population even in post myocardial infarction patients like western countries though socio economic prole, health infrastructure and need are different from rest of the world. So, our study is a humble attempt to examine the efcacy of rehabilitation programme followed in western world. Material and methods: In this Open labelled parallel group prospective randomised trial, conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in collaboration with the cardio-thoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS) unit of the Institute of Cardio-Vascular Sciences, at the Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER) and SSKM Hospitals, Kolkata between January, 2014 to June, 2015 (18 months). Patients who undergone CABG operation in CTVS Department SSKM Hospital, Kolkata were included. Total 80 patients, 40 in each group were recruited. Patients were randomised to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation group (n=40); named as cases and usual care group (n=40); named as control. Institutional ethical committee clearance was taken. Informed consent was taken from each patient before including them in this study. Every patient was explained about the programme. Parameters used:1. Forced vital capacity (FVC), 2. Metabolic Equivalent (MET), 3. Functional assessment (6MWT). Patient will be assessed at the end of 1 week,6 week and 3month of operation. FVC and 6MWT were performed in each visit where MET assessment was done in 6 week and 3 months. Results: Data will be summarised by routine descriptive statistics. Numerical variables will be compared between groups by Student's Unpaired 't' test if normally distributed or by Mann-Whitney's 'U' test if otherwise. Variation over time would be assessed through repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or by Friedman's ANOVA if otherwise. Chi-Square test or Fisher's Exact test would be employed for inter-group comparison of categorical variance. Analysis will be two-tailed and p<0.05 would be considered statistically signicant. In both the groups maximum number of patients are in the age group of 51-60. Most of study population are male (90%). There is statistically signicant difference (Student unpaired T test p value <0.01) of MET between cases and controls at 6th week (4.41 vs 3.92) and 3 months (6.93vs 6.66). Result shows statistically signicant difference (Student unpaired T test p value <0.01) of 6MWT between cases and controls at 1 week, 6 week and 3 months. Improvement pattern of FVC over time in Rehabilitation group shows that FVC improves in each visit when compared to previous one by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test (P < 0.001Number of time points 3F value 121.85). Comparison of FVC in usual care group in each visit shows FVC improves in each visit when compared to previous one by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test as post hoc test if ANOVA returns p value < 0.05 (p<0.001 No. of point 3F value 243.38). Comparison of 6MWT in Rehabilitation group in each visit shows 6MWT improves in each visit when compared to previous one by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test as post hoc test if ANOVA returns p vale < 0.05 (Repeated Measures ANOVA P < 0.001Number of time points 3 F value 1498.0). Comparison of 6MWT in usual care group in each visit shows 6MWT improves over time when compared with previous visit by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's test as post hoc test if ANOVA returns p value < 0.05 (p value 0.001 Number of time points 3 F value 580.83). Comparison of MET in Rehabilitation group in each visit show MET improves signicantly (4.41 vs 6.93) when compared to earlier one by student paired t test (p <0.01). Comparison of MET in usual care group in each visit show MET improves signicantly (3.92 vs 6.66) when compared to earlier one by student paired t test (p <0.01). Conclusion: th Our study shows most of our patient is male of 5 decade. Both conventional care and comprehensive rehabilitation after CABG shows statistically signicant improvement in FVC and 6MWT throughout study. Rehabilitation group shows better improvement than usual care group FVC and 6MWT throughout study. Improvement pattern of MET is consistent from 6 week to 3 months in both the group. Rehabilitation group shows better improvement in METS from 6 week to 3 months.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sealing Capability of the Internal Conical Connections of Implants with Titanium and Zirconia Abutments

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilser Turkyilmaz ◽  
Damian L Black ◽  
Chol H Chong
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Positive Controls ◽  
Abutment Screw

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the sealing capability of the conical implant–abutment interfaces under different abutment screw torque values using titanium and zirconia abutments with Morse taper designs. Materials and methods A total of 42 dental implants (n = 21 for titanium abutments and n = 21 for zirconia abutments) were inoculated internally with three bacteria. These assemblies were divided into four test groups (n = 10) based on screw fixation torques of 35 or 20 Ncm and placed in sterile broth; the remaining abutments were used as positive controls and torqued to 10 Ncm. Microleakage was quantified by enumerating the bacteria from the colony-forming units. An analysis of variance for the estimates of bacteria enumerated and microgaps was used with a post hoc analysis as indicated. A p-value of 0.05 was used as the level of significance. Results There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage among the four test groups; there were no significant effects of screw torque or abutment type on the bacteria enumerated. There was a significantly smaller mean microgap with the zirconia abutments. Conclusion The results of this study indicated no statistically significant difference in the sealing capabilities between titanium and zirconia abutments, having internal conical connections, after increasing the abutment screw torque. Clinical significance It is important for clinicians to follow the guidelines suggested by the implant companies to avoid biomechanical complications over time. How to cite this article Black DL, Turkyilmaz I, Lien W, Chong CH. Evaluation of the Sealing Capability of the Internal Conical Connections of Implants with Titanium and Zirconia Abutments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):915-922.

scholarly journals Improvement of e-commerce recommendation systems with deep hybrid collaborative filtering with content: A case study

Econometrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Filip Wójcik ◽  
Michał Górnik
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Filtering ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hybrid Collaborative Filtering ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents a proposition to utilize flexible neural network architecture called Deep Hybrid Collaborative Filtering with Content (DHCF) as a product recommendation engine. Its main goal is to provide better shopping suggestions for customers on the e-commerce platform. The system was tested on 2018 Amazon Reviews Dataset, using repeated cross validation and compared with other approaches: collaborative filtering (CF) and deep collaborative filtering (DCF) in terms of mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). DCF and DHCF were proved to be significantly better than the CF. DHCF proved to be better than DCF in terms of MAE and MAPE, it also scored the best on separate test data. The significance of the differences was checked by means of a Friedman test, followed by post-hoc comparisons to control p-value. The experiment shows that DHCF can outperform other approaches considered in the study, with more robust scores

scholarly journals The Effects of Text Type, Text Length and Text Difficulty on Vocabulary Retention through Glossing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Tadayonifar
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vocabulary Retention ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Text Length ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

Vocabulary plays a pivotal role in the EFL classrooms, but the outcome for recalling the vocabulary items are not satisfactory. As a result, the current study aims at examining the effects of glossing on different types of texts with different difficulty levels and varying lengths on vocabulary retention. In a quasi-experimental within subject design two types of text, namely, expository and narrative, three difficulty levels of easy, standard and difficult and two text lengths, including short and long were utilized. Forty-one participants were exposed to the 12 texts and then took the post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in vocabulary retention of students (F 7.72), p=. 05. The findings of post- hoc analysis Tukey test indicated that the texts which were short with regard to length, easy with regard to difficulty, and expository with respect to type helped students retain the glossed words better than other texts.

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