An expert opinion survey on post-hazard restoration of roadways and bridges: Data and key insights

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 983-1004
Author(s):  
Sushreyo Misra ◽  
Jamie E Padgett ◽  
Andre R Barbosa ◽  
Bret M Webb
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Bridge Inspection ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Expert Opinion Survey

This article presents the data collected through an online survey of experts in the field of roadway and bridge inspection and repair, with an aim to understand and characterize post-hazard restoration timelines. Accurate characterization of natural hazard resilience of a community requires a thorough understanding of the restoration process. However, empirical data are lacking to systematically relate damage induced by multiple hazards to functionality for both roadways and bridges. Existing models, relying on survey data which are tailored for seismic damage to bridges, either fail to capture the entire restoration timeline or do not account for intermediate stages of restoration. To address these gaps, an online survey of experts eliciting recommended traffic closures and the estimated time required to remove traffic closures/partial restrictions is presented herein. This article contains a detailed description of the survey methodology with insights into the data collected from a total of 29 respondents to enable its use in the area of transportation infrastructure risk and resilience analysis under natural hazards.

Understanding Learning Environments, Personality, and Proctoring During Mandatory Remote Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 767-770
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Campus Housing ◽  
Learning Success ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate students’ online learning environments, the relationship between personality and online learning success, and students’ perceptions about online proctoring during mandatory remote delivery due to the pandemic, students responded to an online survey. Learning environments generally included houses and rarely included on-campus housing. The specific room type was predominantly the bedroom. Only conscientiousness was related positively to anticipated semester GPA. The positive relationship between anticipated and overall GPA supports the notion that more conscientious students tend to be successful in online learning situations, as online education was rated as slightly ineffective. A majority of students did not see a need for online proctoring due to the inability or time required to search for materials, which would only harm one’s performance. There is a need to research further the impact of the study environment, relationship of the students’ personality to learning success, and consequences of online proctoring during remote learning.

Would You Share This Video? Factors Influencing Willingness to Share Online Health Misinformation. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Keselman ◽  
Catherine Arnott Smith ◽  
Gondy Leroy ◽  
David R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Science Literacy ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Information Competencies

BACKGROUND The rapidly evolving digital environment of the social media era increases the reach of both quality health information and misinformation. Platforms such as YouTube enable easy sharing of attractive, if not always evidence-based, videos with large personal networks as well as the general public. While much research has focused on characterizing health misinformation online, it has not sufficiently focused on describing and measuring individuals’ information competencies that build resilience. OBJECTIVE This study 1) assesses individuals’ willingness to share a non-evidence-based YouTube video about strengthening the immune system, 2) describes types of evidence that individuals view as supportive of the claim by the video, and 3) relates information-sharing behavior to several information competencies: information literacy, science literacy, knowledge of the immune system, interpersonal trust, and trust in health authority. METHODS The study employs an online survey methodology with 150 individuals across the United States. Participants were asked to watch a YouTube excerpt from a morning TV show featuring a wellness pharmacy representative promoting an immunity-boosting dietary supplement produced by his company; answer questions about the video and say whether they would share it with a cousin who was frequently sick; and complete instruments pertaining to the information competencies outlined in the objectives. RESULTS Most participants (105 out of 150) said that they would share the video with their cousin. Their confidence in the supplement would be further boosted by a friend’s recommendations, positive reviews on a crowdsourcing website, and statements of uncited effectiveness studies on the producer’s website. While all information literacy competencies analyzed in this study had a statistically significant relationship with the outcome, each was also highly correlated with each other. Information literacy and interpersonal trust independently predicted the largest amount of variance in the intent to share the video (17% and 16%). Interpersonal trust was negatively related to the willingness to share the video. Science literacy explained 7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS People are vulnerable to online misinformation and are likely to propagate it online. Information literacy and science literacy are associated with lesser vulnerability to misinformation and lesser propensity to spread it. Of the two, information literacy holds the greater promise as an intervention target. Understanding the role of different kinds of trust on information sharing merits further research.

scholarly journals An operational implementation of the GHER model for the Black Sea, with SST and CTD data assimilation

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1895-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vandenbulcke ◽  
A. Capet ◽  
J. M. Beckers ◽  
M. Grégoire ◽  
S. Besiktepe
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Reduced Rank ◽  
Data Transfers ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Assimilation Scheme

Abstract. In this article, we describe the first operational implementation of the GHER hydrodynamic model. This happened onboard the research vessel "Alliance", in the context of the Turkish Straits System 2008 campaign, which aimed at the real-time characterization of the Marmara Sea and (south-western) Black Sea. The model performed badly at first, mainly because of poor initial conditions. Hence, as the model includes a reduced-rank extended Kalman filter assimilation scheme, after a hindcast where sea surface temperature and temperature and salinity profiles were assimilated, the model yielded realistic forecasts. Furthermore, the time required to run a one-day simulation (about 5 min of simulation, or 10 min with pre-processing and data transfers included) is very limited and thus operational use of the model is possible.

Assessment of Female Genital Surgery Education in Plastic Surgery Training: Report of an Expert Opinion Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouraoui Kotti ◽  
Lina Triana ◽  
Alexandra Condé-Green ◽  
Samir Janne Hasbun ◽  
Alvaro L. Cansancao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Genital Surgery ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Surgery Education ◽  
Expert Opinion Survey ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Urban Gardening in Germany: Cultivating a Sustainable Lifestyle for the Societal Transition to a Bioeconomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Winkler ◽  
Anika Maier ◽  
Iris Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sustainable Lifestyle ◽  
Urban Gardening ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Insight Into

Urban gardening has the potential to turn the growing number of consumers into conscious producers by raising awareness of natural resource cycles, contributing to environmental conservation and climate change mitigation. This study investigated the motivations for urban gardening in Germany, based on an extensive review of 657 urban gardening project websites. The subsequent online survey of 380 project participants provides a characterization of the gardeners, giving insight into both cultivation methods and technologies used and the participants’ consumer behavior. It was shown that urban gardening has an influence on consumer behavior and can induce a change towards a more sustainable lifestyle. The gardens provide a space for the exchange of social values, knowledge and ideas on different ways of life among the diverse participants. Hence, urban gardening creates far more than just food; it influences society on multiple levels. Urban gardening can support the bottom-up societal transition towards a bioeconomy as both have common attributes. Finally, the paper proposes an innovative, resource-efficient cultivation system that may attract further societal groups to the urban gardening lifestyle, with the aim of fostering the development of the bioeconomy.

Molecular and Biomechanical Characterization of Mineralized Tissue by Dental Pulp Cells on Titanium

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakamura ◽  
L. Saruwatari ◽  
H. Aita ◽  
K. Takeuchi ◽  
T. Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Dental Pulp Cells ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Osteoblastic Phenotype ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Implant Therapy ◽  
Time Required

The application of implant therapy is still limited, because of various risk factors and the long healing time required for bone-titanium integration. This study explores the potential for osseointegration engineering with dental pulp cells (DPCs) by testing a hypothesis that DPCs generate mineralized tissue on titanium. DPCs extracted from rat incisors positive for CD44, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralizing capability were cultured on polystyrene and on machined and dual-acid-etched (DAE) titanium. Tissue cultured on titanium with a Ca/P ratio of 1.4 exhibited plate-like morphology, while that on the polystyrene exhibited fibrous and punctate structures. Tissues cultured on titanium were harder than those on polystyrene, 1.5 times on the machined and 3 times on the DAE. Collagen I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes were up-regulated on titanium, especially the DAE surface. In conclusion, DPCs showing some characteristics of the previously identified dental pulp stem cells can generate mineralized tissue on titanium via the osteoblastic phenotype, which can be enhanced by titanium surface roughness.

Characterization of the Soil Hydromorphic Conditions in a Paludified Dunefield during the Mid-Holocene Hemlock Decline near Québec City, Québec

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat Bhiry ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Hemlock Decline ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Hemlock Looper

The mid-Holocene eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis L. (Carr.)] decline has been recently attributed to the activity of insect defoliators. N. Bihiry and L. Filion, Quaternary Research 45,312–320 (1996). In this study, soil hydromorphic conditions were investigated for the period 6800–3200 yr B.P. using micromorphological data from a peat section from a swale in a paludified dunefield in southern Québec. After a short period of plant colonization in shallow pools between 6800 and 6400 yr B.P., mesic conditions predominated in the interdune before the decline (6400–4900 yr B.P.), as evidenced by strong bioturbation and abundance of excrements from the soil fauna. During the decline, a shift from mesic to wet conditions occurred (4900–4100 yr B.P.), although xeric to mesic conditions persisted on dune ridges until at least 4200 yr B.P. Wetness culminated when beaver occupied the site (4100–3750 yr B.P.). Hemlock needles with chewing damage typical of hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria) feeding were identified at levels dated 4900, 4600, and 4200 yr B.P., respectively, implying that the hemlock decline was associated with at least three defoliation events. The ca. 400-yr interval between these events likely represents the time required for this late-sucessional tree species to recover.

On the transient response of the turbulent boundary layer inception in compressible flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 1117-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Saavedra ◽  
G. Paniagua ◽  
S. Lavagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Thermal Boundary Layer ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Momentum Boundary Layer

The behavioural characteristics of thermal boundary layer inception dictate the efficiency of heat exchangers and the operational limits of fluid machinery. The specific time required by the thermal boundary layer to be established is vital to optimize flow control strategies, as well as the thermal management of systems exposed to ephemeral phenomena, typically on the millisecond scale. This paper presents the time characterization of the momentum and thermal boundary layer development in transient turbulent compressible air flows. We present a new framework to perform such estimations based on detailed unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations that may be extended to higher fidelity simulations. First of all, the aerodynamic boundary layer initiation is described using adiabatic simulations. Additional numerical calculations were then performed by setting the isothermal wall condition to evaluate the additional time required by the thermal boundary layer to establish after the aerodynamic boundary layer reaches its steady state. Finally, full conjugate simulations were executed to compute the warm up effect of the solid during the blowdown of a hot fluid over a colder metallic test model. The transient performance of the turbulent thermal and momentum boundary layers is quantified through numerical simulations of air blowdown over a flat plate for different mainstream flow conditions. The effects of Reynolds number, free stream velocity, transient duration, test article length and free stream temperature were independently assessed, to then define a mathematical expression of the momentum boundary layer settlement. This paper presents a novel numerical correlation of the additional time required by the thermal boundary layer to be stablished after the settlement of the momentum boundary layer. The time scales of the aerodynamic and thermal boundary layers are presented as a function of relevant non-dimensional numbers, as well as the description of the response of the near wall flow to sudden free stream changes. The characterization of the boundary layer mechanisms discussed in this paper contribute to the establishment of an evidence-based foundation for advances in the field of flow control.

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