Glutathione synthesis by red blood cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and a deficiency in insulin secretion. The global diabetes pandemic relates primarily to T2DM, which is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, triggered by numerous risk factors, and the chronic activation of the immune system are prominent features of T2DM. Here we highlight the role of blood cells (platelets, and red and white blood cells) and vascular endothelial cells as drivers of systemic inflammation in T2DM. In addition, we discuss the role of microparticles (MPs) in systemic inflammation and hypercoagulation. Although once seen as inert by-products of cell activation or destruction, MPs are now considered to be a disseminated storage pool of bioactive effectors of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular function. They have been identified to circulate at elevated levels in the bloodstream of individuals with increased risk of atherothrombosis or cardiovascular disease, two significant hallmark conditions of T2DM. There is also general evidence that MPs activate blood cells, express proinflammatory and coagulant effects, interact directly with cell receptors, and transfer biological material. MPs are considered major players in the pathogenesis of many systemic inflammatory diseases and may be potentially useful biomarkers of disease activity and may not only be of prognostic value but may act as novel therapeutic targets.

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Transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood cells in relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Persistent Organic Pollutant exposure

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2016.4263 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Charlotta Rylander* ◽

Michael Black ◽

Vivian Berg ◽

Therese Haugdahl Nøst ◽

Vanessa Dumeaux

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutant ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells

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P158Red blood cells from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus induce endothelial dysfunction through NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species

Cardiovascular Research ◽

10.1093/cvr/cvy060.119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 114 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S42-S42

Author(s):

Z Zhou ◽

A Mahdi ◽

Y Tratsiakovich ◽

J Yang ◽

J Pernow

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species

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280Red blood cells from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus induce vascular endothelial dysfunction via a mechanism involving vascular arginase I and reactive oxygen species

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.280 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Z. Zhou ◽

A. Mahdi ◽

Y. Tratsiakovich ◽

O. Kovamees ◽

M. Alvarsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Arginase I

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THE RATIO OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND GLUTATHIONE REDOX STATUS INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) ◽

10.18705/1607-419x-2013-19-4-356-366 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 356-366

Author(s):

A. G. Moiseenok ◽

I. V. Buko ◽

I. V. Gorudko ◽

E. E. Konstantinova ◽

N. L. Tsapaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Redox Potential ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Redox Status ◽

Glutathione Redox

Objective. To study and compare indicators of systemic inlammation and red blood cells glutathione redox potential by chronic oxidative stress (OS) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the combination of both diseases.Design and methods. The study included 35 patients with CHD and newly diagnosed T2DM, 109 patients with CHD, 19 patients with T2DM, and 89 healthy individuals. Systemic inlammation indicators were measured including concentration of interleukin (IL) 6 and 8, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and OS in plasma, oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione, as well as their ratio and redox potential (E), the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) in red blood cells.Results. Signiicant growth of systemic inlammation (IL-6, IL-8, MPO) indicators on the weakening antioxidant defense enzyme has been registered in patients with a combination of CHD and T2DM, a 3,4-fold reduction of GSH level, 5,8-fold of 2GSH/GSSH in red blood cells and E values towards the oxidized state at 36,3 mV were noted. These changes were less pronounced in CHD group and were absent in T2DM group. All subjects showed a decreased activity of GP and increased level of glycosylated hemoglobin. The correlation of E and activity GR have been found in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorder. High positive relationship between IL concentration and red blood cells GR, E indicators has been identiied in patients with CHD and T2DM. There is a need to control and correct cellular redox potential in patients with CHD and T2DM.Conclusion. The combination of CHD and T2DM contributes to the decrease of red blood cells redox status glutathione secondary to the increased systemic inlammatory response and chronic OS indicators.

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