The crystal structures, solid solutions and infrared spectra of copiapite-group minerals
AbstractCopiapite is a mineral of iron- and sulphate-rich acidic environments and has a general formula AFe3+4 (SO4)6(OH)2(H2O)20, where A = Fe2+, 2/3Fe3+, 2/3Al3+, Mg, Zn. The structure is built by infinite tetrahedral-octahedral chains and isolated octahedrally coordinated A sites. Our synthetic and natural copiapite samples can be divided into two large groups based on the orientation of the structural fragments. One group comprises copiapite phases where A = Al3+, Fe2+ or Fe3+ and we designate it as the structural type AL. The other group consists of copiapite with A = Mg2+, Zn2+ or Ni2+ and this is the structural type MG. The solid-solution series between Fe3+ and Al3+ copiapite is continuous. The series between Mg2+-Al3+, Mg2+-Fe3+ and Mg2+-Al3+-Fe3+ copiapite are not continuous; the samples with intermediate compositions contain two copiapite phases, one of the type AL and one of the type MG. The series between Mg2+ and Zn2+ copiapite is continuous only at 25°C. At 75°C, the Zn-rich portion of this systemcrystallizes a copiapite-like phase whose structure may be a superstructure of copiapite. The series between Al-Fe2+ and Mg-Fe2+ copiapite are not continuous and show complex behaviour of the intermediate compositions.