Solid solutions in the system Ag2S–Ag2Se

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2219-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Pingitore ◽  
B.F. Ponce ◽  
M.P. Eastman ◽  
F. Moreno ◽  
C. Podpora
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Solid Solution Series ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compositional Gradient ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Electron ◽  
Discrete Phase ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

Optical, electron microprobe, and x-ray diffraction analysis of 88 samples of various compositions between Ag2S and Ag2Se synthesized at high temperature in sealed quartz tubing indicates the presence of two solid-solution series in this system at ambient (room) conditions. One series extends from Ag2S to approximately Ag2S0.4Se0.7 and has the Ag2S-III-type structure (monoclinic). The second series ranges from Ag2S0.3Se0.7 to Ag2Se and is characterized by the Ag2Se-II-type structure (orthorhombic). Members of both series, in appropriate proportions, characterize the apparent compositional gap between the two solid solutions. Gradual shifts in the locations of the x-ray diffraction peaks along the compositional gradient of each solid solution revealed an expansion of the d-spacing as the larger Se ion was substituted for S in the Ag2S-III-type structure and a contraction as S was substituted for Se in the Ag2Se-II-type structure. The reported discrete phase, Ag4SSe (aguilarite, orthorhombic), appears to be simply a member of the monoclinic Ag2S-III-type solid solution.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Ce1−xPdxO2−δ Solid Solution in Molten Nitrate

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Hideaki Sasaki ◽  
Keisuke Sakamoto ◽  
Masami Mori ◽  
Tatsuaki Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Ionic States

CeO2-based solid solutions in which Pd partially substitutes for Ce attract considerable attention, owing to their high catalytic performances. In this study, the solid solution (Ce1−xPdxO2−δ) with a high Pd content (x ~ 0.2) was synthesized through co-precipitation under oxidative conditions using molten nitrate, and its structure and thermal decomposition were examined. The characteristics of the solid solution, such as the change in a lattice constant, inhibition of sintering, and ionic states, were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM−EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)−EDS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesis method proposed in this study appears suitable for the easy preparation of CeO2 solid solutions with a high Pd content.

The solid solution TbNiIn1−x Ga x

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Horiacha ◽  
Galyna Nychyporuk ◽  
Rainer Pöttgen ◽  
Vasyl Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Structure Space ◽  
Arc Melting

Abstract Phase formation in the solid solution TbNiIn1−x Ga x at 873 K was investigated in the full concentration range by means of powder X-ray diffraction and EDX analysis. The samples were synthesized by arc-melting of the pure metals with subsequent annealing at 873 K for one month. The influence of the substitution of indium by gallium on the type of structure and solubility was studied. The solubility ranges have been determined and changes of the unit cell parameters were calculated on the basis of powder X-ray diffraction data: TbNiIn1–0.4Ga0–0.6 (ZrNiAl-type structure, space group P 6 ‾ 2 m $P‾{6}2m$ , a = 0.74461(8)–0.72711(17) and c = 0.37976(5)–0.37469(8) nm); TbNiIn0.2–0Ga0.8–1.0 (TiNiSi-type structure, space group Pnma, а = 0.68950(11)–0.68830(12), b = 0.43053(9)–0.42974(6), с = 0.74186(10)–0.73486(13) nm). The crystal structures of TbNiGa (TiNiSi type, Pnma, a = 0.69140(5), b = 0.43047(7), c = 0.73553(8) nm, wR2=0.0414, 525 F 2 values, 21 variables), TbNiIn0.83(1)Ga0.17(1) (ZrNiAl type, P 6 ‾ 2 m $P‾{6}2m$ , a = 0.74043(6), c = 0.37789(3) nm, wR2 = 0.0293, 322 F 2 values, 16 variables) and TbNiIn0.12(2)Ga0.88(2) (TiNiSi type, Pnma, a = 0.69124(6), b = 0.43134(9), c = 0.74232(11) nm, wR2 = 0.0495, 516 F 2 values, 21 variables) have been determined. The characteristics of the solid solutions and the variations of the unit cell parameters are briefly discussed.

Crystal chemistry of lamprophyllite-group minerals from the Murun alkaline complex (Russia) and pegmatites of Rocky Boy and Gordon Butte (USA): single crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy study

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Aksenov ◽  
Anastasia D. Ryanskaya ◽  
Yuliya V. Shchapova ◽  
Nikita V. Chukanov ◽  
Nikolay V. Vladykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Solid Solution Series ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solution Series

Specific features of the crystal chemistry of lamprophyllite-group minerals (LGMs) are discussed using the available literature data and the results of the single-crystal X-ray diffraction and a Raman spectroscopic studies of several samples taken from the Murun alkaline complex (Russia), and Rocky Boy and Gordon Butte pegmatites (USA) presented here. The studied samples are unique in their chemical features and the distribution of cations over structural sites. In particular, the sample from the Gordon Butte pegmatite is a member of the barytolamprophyllite–emmerichite solid solution series, whereas the samples from the Murun alkaline complex and from the Rocky Boy pegmatite are intermediate members of the solid solution series formed by lamprophyllite and a hypothetical Sr analogue of emmerichite. The predominance of O2− over OH− and F− at the X site is a specific feature of sample Cha-192 from the Murun alkaline complex. New data on the Raman spectra of LGMs obtained in this work show that the wavenumbers of the O—H stretching vibrations depend on the occupancies of the M2 and M3 sites coordinating with (OH)− groups. Cations other than Na+ and Ti4+ (mainly, Mg and Fe3+) can play a significant role in the coordination of the X site occupied by (OH)−. Data on polarized Raman spectra of an oriented sample indicate that the OH groups having different local coordinations have similar orientations with respect to the crystal. The calculated measures of similarity (Δ) for lamprophyllite and ericssonite are identical (0.157 and 0.077 for the 2M- and 2O-polytypes, respectively), which indicates that these minerals are crystal-chemically isotypic and probably should be considered within the same mineral group by analogy to the other mineralogical groups which combine isotypic minerals.

X-ray powder diffraction characterization of Bi14(Sr,Ca)12O33 solid solutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Wong-Ng ◽  
F. Jiang ◽  
Bryan R. Jarabek ◽  
Gregory J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Cell Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Diffraction File ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Solution Range

Powder X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the solid solution range of the Bi14SrxCa12−xO33 series in the Bi–Sr–Ca–O system. Solid solution forms over the range 1≤x≤7 in Bi14SrxCa12−xO33. Experimental X-ray reference patterns of selected members with x=1, 3, 5, and 7 have been prepared for the powder diffraction file (PDF). These phases are monoclinic, C2/m, with cell parameter a ranging from 21.473(4) to 21.868(4) Å, b from 4.3564(9) to 4.3898(9) Å, c from 12.753(2) to 12.962(2) Å, β from 102.91(2)° to 102.79(1)°, and V from 1162.9(3) to 1213.5(3) Å3, respectively. These parameters increase monotonically as Ca is continuously replaced by the larger Sr.

scholarly journals Coupled Substitutions in Natural MnO(OH) Polymorphs: Infrared Spectroscopic Investigation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Chukanov ◽  
Dmitry A. Varlamov ◽  
Igor V. Pekov ◽  
Natalia V. Zubkova ◽  
Anatoly V. Kasatkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Solid Solution Series ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solution Series ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Ir Absorption Spectra ◽  
Coupled Substitution

Solid solutions involving natural Mn3+O(OH) polymorphs, groutite, manganite, and feitknechtite are characterized and discussed based on original and literature data on the chemical composition, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and middle-range IR absorption spectra of these minerals. It is shown that manganite forms two kinds of solid-solution series, in which intermediate members have the general formulae (i) (Mn4+, Mn3+)O(OH,O), with pyrolusite as the Mn4+O2 end-member, and (ii) (Mn3+, M2+)O(OH, H2O), where M = Mn or Zn. In Zn-substituted manganite from Kapova Cave, South Urals, Russia, the Zn2+:Mn3+ ratio reaches 1:1 (the substitution of Mn3+ with Zn2+ is accompanied by the coupled substitution of OH− with H2O). Groutite forms solid-solution series with ramsdellite Mn4+O2. In addition, the incorporation of OH− anions in the 1 × 2 tunnels of ramsdellite is possible. Feitknechtite is considered to be isostructural with (or structurally related to) the compounds (M2+, Mn3+)(OH, O)2 (M = Mn, Zn) with a pyrochroite-related layered structure.

scholarly journals Ion-exchange properties of solid solutions based on hydrated forms of monovalent metals antimonate-tungstates

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Olga A. Firsova ◽  
◽  
Elena M. Filonenko ◽  
Yulia A. Lupitskaya ◽  
Hurshid N. Bozorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pyrochlore Type ◽  
Exchange Properties

The research of tungsten-antimony crystalline acid (TACA) structural transformations in the condition of ion-exchange and thermolysis of its substituted M+, H+-forms (M+ – Li, Na, K, Ag) were conducted. The data of thermogravimetric and qualitative X-ray phase analyses made it possible to conclude that the thermolysis of TACA and its derivatives proceeds in a wide temperature range from 300 to 1150 K being accompanied by the removal of crystalline water molecules with the formation of phases mixture containing complex antimony oxides of the ( -,  - Sb2O4) modification and WO3. It was shown that compounds based on hydrated forms of monovalent metal antimonates-tungstates are stable up to 1023 K with a pyrochlore-type structure. For pyrochlore-like phases, a monotonic dependence of unit cell parameter a on ion-exchange degree α and the ionic radius of metals r was revealed indicating the formation of solid solutions Мх(Н3О)1–хWSbO6 nН2О (M+ – Li, Na, K, Ag; 0.0≤х<1.0; 0.0≤n<2.0) with a limited range of solubility from the crystal chemistry point of view. Within the framework of the Fd-3m space group, based on the data of X-ray diffraction analysis (Rietveld method), the structural characteristics of TACA and its substituted M+, H+-forms were refined, and a model for populating the corresponding metal ions by crystallographic positions of the pyrochlore-type structure was proposed. Using a complex of physicochemical methods (thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction analyses and IR spectroscopy), a correlation between the composition of the obtained compounds, structural disorder, and ion-exchange properties were determined. According to the data of thermogravimetry and IR spectroscopy, it follows that the degree of compounds hydration analyzed depends on the nature of the alkaline ion. This allows to conclude that lithium and sodium ions are located in 16d– positions, dragging neutral water molecules into the structure occupying 8b-positions. In this case, potassium ions can partially occupy both 16d- and 8b-positions of the structure.

scholarly journals Structural and Optical Investigations of Heterostructures Based on AlxGa1-xAsyP1-y:Si Solid Solutions Obtained by MOCVD

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Seredin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Epitaxial Heterostructures ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Scanning Electron

We investigated MOCVD epitaxial heterostructures based on AlxGa1−xAs ternary solid solutions, obtained in the range of compositions x~0.20–0.50 and doped with high concentrations of phosphorus and silicon atoms. Using the methods of high-resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy we have shown that grown epitaxial films represent five-component (AlxGa1−xAs1−yPy)1−zSiz solid solutions. The implementation of silicon in solid solution with a concentration of ~ 0.01 at.% leads to the formation of the structure with deep levels, DX centers, the occurrence of which fundamentally affects the energy characteristics of received materials.

The composition of diopside solid solutions, and of liquids, in equilibrium with forsterite, plagioclase, and liquid in the system Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2and in remelted rocks from 1 bar to 12 kbar

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (349) ◽  
pp. 481-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Biggar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Tholeiitic Basalt ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ophiolitic Rocks ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

AbstractSubsolidus diopside compositions and coexisting diopside and liquid compositions which are also in equilibrium with anorthite and forsterite in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2were determined by X-ray diffraction and by electron microprobe in samples equilibrated at 1 bar and at 7 kbar. Along with previous data from the literature and using a recently published grid relating diffraction peaks to composition, results from both techniques are satisfactorily reconciled. At 1 bar, diopside composition (moles, Di = CaMgSi2O6, En = Mg2Si2O6, CaTs = CaAl2Si2O6) in equilibrium with anorthite, forsterite, and spinel (analogous to alkali basalts) are close to Di79CaTs20En1and those in equilibrium with anorthite, forsterite, and pigeonite (analogous to tholeiitic basalt) are close to Di75CaTs3En22. At 7 kbar the equivalent compositions are Di69CaTs28En3and Di69CaTs26En5respectively.In the system CaO-Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, electron microprobe analyses of augites and liquids at 1 bar confirm the changes expected in the loci of liquids and show that the low Na2O (< 0.50 wt.%) augites are similar to those in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. At 7 kbar the orthopyroxene field has expanded sufficiently and augite was not encountered in the limited range of samples studied.In remelted rocks the augite compositions at 1 bar are similar to the compositions of augites in low pressure effusive rocks. At 2–15 kbar, the available data in the literature for dry basalts show that experimentally recrystallized augites are very sub-calcic and very aluminous, and no natural equivalents exist in plutonic gabbros or in ophiolitic rocks. This discrepancy is not resolved but either the experimental pyroxenes are metastable or the pyroxenes presently in the rocks are not the pristine compositions.

X-ray investigations of solid solutions of monocalcium aluminate and monostrontium aluminate important phases in cement and phosphorescence materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pöllmann ◽  
R. Kaden
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Solid Solution Series ◽  
Strontium Aluminate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydration Behaviour ◽  
Orthorhombic Modification ◽  
High Temperature Form

Calcium monoaluminate is the main phase in calcium aluminate cements and participates in the hydration, forming calcium aluminate hydrates. The amount of incorporation of foreign ions influences the hydration behaviour. Strontium aluminate is an important phase in producing phosphorescent materials when doped with rare-earth elements (REE) such as Eu, Dy, and La. These monoaluminates occur in different forms. Monocalcium aluminate forms a monoclinic and an orthorhombic modification, whereas monostrontium aluminate forms a monoclinic low-temperature and a hexagonal high-temperature form. Monoclinic calcium monoaluminate and monoclinic strontium aluminate form a partial solid-solution series. The hydration behaviour of different solid solutions was also investigated using calorimetry. The newly formed strontium aluminate hydrates could be identified while similar strontium aluminate hydrates are formed. Solid solutions of strontium- and calcium-aluminate hydrates will be investigated.

scholarly journals Lattice Strain Evolutions in Ni-W Alloys during a Tensile Test Combined with Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4027
Author(s):  
Tarik Sadat ◽  
Damien Faurie ◽  
Dominique Thiaudière ◽  
Cristian Mocuta ◽  
David Tingaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

Ni and Ni(W) solid solution of bulk Ni and Ni-W alloys (Ni-10W, Ni-30W, and Ni-50W) (wt%) were mechanically compared through the evolution of their {111} X-ray diffraction peaks during in situ tensile tests on the DiffAbs beamline at the Synchrotron SOLEIL. A significant difference in terms of strain heterogeneities and lattice strain evolution occurred as the plastic activity increased. Such differences are attributed to the number of brittle W clusters and the hardening due to the solid solution compared to the single-phase bulk Ni sample.

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