Generation and Characterization of FVIII-Specific CAR-Transduced Regulatory T Cells

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 236-236
Author(s):  
Anja Naumann ◽  
Yongchan Kim ◽  
Christoph Königs ◽  
David W Scott
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Phage Display Library ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Abstract The development of inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors) against FVIII is the most critical complication in the treatment of hemophilia A patients as hemostasis can no longer be reestablished by FVIII replacement therapy. Immune tolerance induction by frequent FVIII infusions is demanding, costly and not successful in all treated patients leading to an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of FVIII inhibitors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for the maintenance of tolerance and have a high therapeutic potential in the context of autoimmune or inflammatory immune disorders. As Tregs are polyclonal, treatment with Treg pools comprises the risk of a general immunosuppression. Thus, the establishment of antigen-specific Tregs could be of great benefit for a broad range of patients, including inhibitor positive hemophilia A patients. To create such specific Tregs, a FVIII-specific scFv isolated out of a synthetic phage display library was used to generate a second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). To verify the specificity of the CAR for FVIII and the functionality of the recombined cytoplasmic domain (CD28 and CD3zeta), naïve CD4 T cells were retrovirally transduced with the generated CAR construct and a proliferation assay was conducted in the presence of plate-bound or soluble FVIII, as well as soluble FVIII presented by autologous irradiated PBMCs. Proliferation of transduced cells was more effective when FVIII was presented plate-bound or by PBMCs. In a therapeutically-relevant setting, this would be very promising, as transduced T cells should not be activated by soluble FVIII in the bloodstream but rather by FVIII presented on antigen-presenting cells in lymphatic organs. Next, functionality of the CAR construct in Tregs was addressed. Transduced Tregs showed extracellular expression of the scFv and could be stimulated MHC-independently with FVIII. Such stimulated cells showed increased expression of Treg activation markers LAP and GARP. Thus, by using the generated CAR for transduction of Tregs, it was possible to create FVIII-specific Tregs that can be stimulated MHC-independently, opening new possibilities for therapeutic approaches in hemophilia A patients with FVIII inhibitors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Preparation of Human Alloantigen-Specific Natural Regulatory T-Cells for the Control of Graft Versus Host Disease.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Yamina Hamel ◽  
Claude Baillou ◽  
Maude Guillot-Delost ◽  
Soumia Touil ◽  
Mustapha Cherai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Teff Cell

Abstract Abstract 47 Adoptive transfer of natural regulatory T-cells (Tregs) may have a great therapeutic potential for the induction of tolerance in transplantation patients. This concept was demonstrated in murine models of graft versus host disease (GVHD) where alloantigen-specific Tregs (sTregs) were always more efficient to control GVHD than polyclonal Tregs (pTregs). Recently, we reported a procedure for expanding human pTregs in the presence of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated beads, cells being cultured in RPMI medium containing 10% human serum, interleukin (IL)-2 and rapamycin (namely TCM for Tregs Culture Medium) during 3 weeks. Whether or not alloantigen sTregs could be generated for the control of GVHD was investigated. In a first set of experiments, we compared the activation of Tregs when stimulated by allogeneic monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) under different conditions. To follow cell divisions, Tregs (CD4+CD25high T-cells) were purified by FACS, stained with CFSE and co-cultured in TCM ± IL-15 in the presence of either immature (i) or mature (m) allogeneic DCs. Data showed that: i) mDCs yielded higher Treg divisions than iDCs; ii) combination of IL-2 + IL-15 triggered better cell division than IL-2 or IL-15 alone; iii) Tregs divided from day-3 to day-10 when stimulated by mDCs and cultured in TCM + IL-15. Next, the alloantigen specificity of divided Tregs was evaluated: Tregs stimulated by allogeneic mDCs (mDC1) were FACS-sorted at day-4 on the basis of CFSE-staining. CFSElow, CFSEintermediate (int) and CFSEhigh cell fractions were separated and expanded in TCM medium IL-15 in the presence anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated beads. At day-21, they were assayed for their ability to inhibit within 4 days the proliferation of autologous effector T-cells (Teff) stimulated by either mDC1 or a third party of allogeneic mDCs (mDC2), used as control of specificity. In these mixed leukocyte cultures, different Tregs/Teff cell ratio were tested. Results showed that the CFSElow fraction (highly dividing Tregs) was greatly enriched in sTregs, by contrast to the CFSEhigh and CFSEint fractions. From these data, further experiments that are more suitable for clinical application were performed. Tregs selected by FACS or by immunomagnetic selection (MACs), based on CD25 expression, were cultured in TCM + IL-15 and stimulated twice (day-0 and day-10) by allogeneic mDCs (mDC1). At day-21, the alloantigen-specific suppression of sTregs was studied and compared to the suppression activity of pTregs. Results showed that sTregs better suppressed the proliferation of mDC1-stimulated Teff than pTregs. In addition, sTregs better maintained their suppressive activity than pTregs at low Tregs/Teff cell ratio. Under these culture conditions, sTregs can be expanded ∼12 fold within 3-weeks. Our data showed that human sTregs can be generated under clinical grade conditions. Further experiments using a xenogeneic GVHD model are now envisaged to compare the respective capacity for sTregs and pTregs to control GVHD. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Efficient and Selective Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Ag-Specific Induced Regulatory T Cells In Mice.

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3745-3745
Author(s):  
Kenrick Semple ◽  
Yu Yu ◽  
Dapeng Wang ◽  
Claudio Anasetti ◽  
Xue-Zhong Yu
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
T Effector Cells ◽  
Graft Versus Host

Abstract Abstract 3745 Naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) suppress the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The non-selective suppression against tumor associated antigens in some models severely dampened our enthusiasm for the application of nTregs in the control of GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In this study, we used an alternative strategy to generate antigen-specific, induced Tregs (iTregs), and tested their potential in the prevention of GVHD in murine model of myeloablative BMT. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ iTregs generated from OT-II TCR transgenic mice specific for OVA target antigen efficiently prevented GVHD induced by polyclonal T effector cells (Teffs) in allogeneic recipients that express OVA protein but not in those that do not express OVA. The efficacy of these antigen-specific iTregs was significantly higher than polyclonal iTregs in preventing GVHD. As controls, OT-II CD4+Foxp3− cells had no effect on GVHD development in OVA− recipients and exacerbated GVHD in OVA+ recipients when transplanted together with polyclonal Teffs. Mechanistically, OT-II iTregs expanded extensively, and significantly suppressed expansion and infiltration of Teffs in OVA+ recipients. In sharp contrast, OT-II iTregs failed to expand and had no effect on Teffs in OVA− recipients. These results reveal the therapeutic potential of TGFβ-induced, antigen-specific iTregs to prevent GVHD efficiently and selectively. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Differential Targeting of Signaling Pathways to Selectively Expand Mouse Regulatory T Cells While Inhibiting Conventional T Cells.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2158-2158
Author(s):  
Atsushi Satake ◽  
Amanda M Schmidt ◽  
Angela Archambault ◽  
Gregory F Wu ◽  
Taku Kambayashi
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tcr Signaling

Abstract Abstract 2158 Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are suppressive T cells with therapeutic potential for ameliorating T cell-mediated diseases. Thus, there has been great interest in revealing the mechanisms by which Tregs proliferate. Recently, we reported that TCR signaling is partially dispensable for Treg proliferation in vivo when exogenous IL-2 is administered. Based on this data, we hypothesized that when given in conjunction with IL-2, pharmacological inhibition of TCR signaling might allow Tregs to expand while simultaneously inhibiting conventional T cell (Tconv) proliferation. Using mutant mice with defective TCR-mediated PLCγ activation, we found that the activation of PLCγ is dispensable for IL-2-mediated Treg proliferation. In contrast, costimulation-derived mTOR signaling was required for IL-2-induced Treg proliferation. We next used Cyclosporine A (CSA; calcineurin inhibitor) and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) to differentially target these signaling pathways. Consistent with our hypothesis, while both CSA and rapamycin suppressed antigen-specific Tconv proliferation, only CSA permitted IL-2-induced Treg expansion in vitro and in vivo. Rapamycin, however, did increase the overall Treg:Tconv ratio due to its negative effects on Tconv survival. Given that CSA inhibited antigen-specific Tconv proliferation while maintaining IL-2-induced Treg expansion, we hypothesized that the combination of CSA and IL-2 would be beneficial for attenuating T cell-mediated disease. Indeed, CSA synergized with IL-2 in protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Surprisingly, however, the administration of CSA blocked whereas rapamycin augmented the beneficial effect of IL-2 in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). These differences potentially results from the overt TCR stimulation that Tregs would receive in the allogeneic (GVHD) vs. syngeneic (EAE) environment. Moreover, inducible Treg (iTreg) generation from allogeneic MHC-stimulated naïve Tconvs contributes greatly to the Treg pool during GVHD. This was consistent with our data showing that rapamycin promotes iTreg generation and allows TCR-enhanced Treg proliferation, whereas CSA inhibited both of these processes. Thus, depending on the disease setting, the signaling pathways contributing to expansion of the Treg pool need to be carefully considered and specifically targeted to increase the Treg:Tconv ratio in treatment of T cell-mediated disorders. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals THU0051 LOW-DOSE INTERLEUKIN-2 SELECTIVELY EXPAND AND ACTIVATE REGULATORY T CELLS ACROSS 13 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 237.1-238
Author(s):  
M. Rosenzwajg ◽  
R. Lorenzon ◽  
P. Cacoub ◽  
F. Pitoiset ◽  
S. Aractingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Open Label

Background:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity and control inflammation. As low-dose interleukin-2 (ld-IL2) expands and activates Tregs, it has a broad therapeutic potential for any autoimmune or inflammatory disease (AIID). We performed a disease-finding “basket trial” (TRANSREGNCT01988506) in patients affected by one of 11 different AIID and reported the outcome of the first 46 patients (Rosenzwajg et al, ARD 2019).Objectives:Here we analyzed and discussed results from deep immunophenotyping, of 78 patients, to comprehensively study the effect of ld-IL2 on the immune system of patients affected by various AIIDMethods:We performed a prospective, open label, phase I-IIa study in 78 patients with a mild to moderate form of one of 13 selected AIID. All patients received ld-IL2 (1 million IU/day) for 5 days, followed by fortnightly injections for 6 months. Deep immunophenotyping was performed before and after 5 days of ld-IL2.Results:ld-IL2 significantly expands both memory Tregs as well as naïve Tregs, including recent thymic emigrant Tregs. It also activates Tregs as demonstrated by the significantly increased expression of HLA-DR, CD39, CD73, GITR, CTLA-4. Similar results were observed across the different AIID.Conclusion:ld-IL2 “universally” improves Treg fitness across 13 autoimmune and inflammatory disease.References:[1]Rosenzwajg M#, Lorenzon R#, Cacoub P, Pham HP, Pitoiset F, El Soufi K, RIbet C, Bernard C, Aractingi S, Banneville B, Beaugerie L, Berenbaum F, Champey J, Chazouilleres O, Corpechot C, Fautrel B, Mekinian A, Regnier E, Saadoun D, Salem JE, Sellam J, Seksik P, Daguenel-Nguyen A, Doppler V, Mariau J, Vicaut E, Klatzmann D. Immunological and clinical effects of low-dose interleukin-2 across 11 autoimmune diseases in a single, open clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Feb;78(2):209-217. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214229. Epub 2018 Nov 24.Disclosure of Interests:Michelle Rosenzwajg: None declared, Roberta Lorenzon: None declared, Patrice cacoub: None declared, Fabien Pitoiset: None declared, Selim Aractingi: None declared, Beatrice Banneville Speakers bureau: Lilly, Novartis, Laurent Beaugerie: None declared, Francis Berenbaum Grant/research support from: TRB Chemedica (through institution), MSD (through institution), Pfizer (through institution), Consultant of: Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, UCB, Abbvie, Roche, Servier, Sanofi-Aventis, Flexion Therapeutics, Expanscience, GSK, Biogen, Nordic, Sandoz, Regeneron, Gilead, Bone Therapeutics, Regulaxis, Peptinov, 4P Pharma, Paid instructor for: Sandoz, Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, UCB, Abbvie, Roche, Servier, Sanofi-Aventis, Flexion Therapeutics, Expanscience, GSK, Biogen, Nordic, Sandoz, Regeneron, Gilead, Sandoz, Julien Champey: None declared, Olivier Chazouilleres: None declared, Christophe Corpechot: None declared, Bruno Fautrel Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Consultant of: AbbVie, Biogen, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Medac MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, SOBI and UCB, Arsene Mekinian: None declared, Elodie Regnier: None declared, david Saadoun: None declared, Joe-Elie Salem: None declared, Jérémie SELLAM: None declared, Philippe Seksik: None declared, David Klatzmann Consultant of: ILTOO Pharma

Phenotypic alterations, clinical impact and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belal Chaudhary ◽  
May Abd Al Samid ◽  
Basel K al-Ramadi ◽  
Eyad Elkord
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Impact

scholarly journals Tilting the Balance: Therapeutic Prospects of CD83 as a Checkpoint Molecule Controlling Resolution of Inflammation

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Katrin Peckert-Maier ◽  
Dmytro Royzman ◽  
Pia Langguth ◽  
Anita Marosan ◽  
Astrid Strack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Checkpoint Molecule

Chronic inflammatory diseases and transplant rejection represent major challenges for modern health care. Thus, identification of immune checkpoints that contribute to resolution of inflammation is key to developing novel therapeutic agents for those conditions. In recent years, the CD83 (cluster of differentiation 83) protein has emerged as an interesting potential candidate for such a “pro-resolution” therapy. This molecule occurs in a membrane-bound and a soluble isoform (mCD83 and sCD83, respectively), both of which are involved in resolution of inflammation. Originally described as a maturation marker on dendritic cells (DCs), mCD83 is also expressed by activated B and T cells as well as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and controls turnover of MHC II molecules in the thymus, and thereby positive selection of CD4+ T cells. Additionally, it serves to confine overshooting (auto-)immune responses. Consequently, animals with a conditional deletion of CD83 in DCs or regulatory T cells suffer from impaired resolution of inflammation. Pro-resolving effects of sCD83 became evident in pre-clinical autoimmune and transplantation models, where application of sCD83 reduced disease symptoms and enhanced allograft survival, respectively. Here, we summarize recent advances regarding CD83-mediated resolution of inflammatory responses, its binding partners as well as induced signaling pathways, and emphasize its therapeutic potential for future clinical trials.

Antigen-specific regulatory T cells—Ex vivo expansion and therapeutic potential

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Masteller ◽  
Qizhi Tang ◽  
Jeffrey A. Bluestone
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Expansion

Activation Markers and Regulatory T cells in Children with Chronic Pyelonephritis Associated with Bacterial Uropathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Elena V. Agafonova ◽  
Farida F. Rizvanova ◽  
Tatyana G. Malanicheva ◽  
Levon Abrahamyan
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Activation Markers

scholarly journals Inhibition of two-pore channels in antigen-presenting cells promotes the expansion of TNFR2-expressing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. eaba6584
Author(s):  
Tianzhen He ◽  
De Yang ◽  
Xiao-Qing Li ◽  
Mengmeng Jiang ◽  
Md Sahidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antigen Presenting

CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal for the inhibition of autoimmune inflammatory responses. One way to therapeutically harness the immunosuppressive actions of Tregs is to stimulate the proliferative expansion of TNFR2-expressing CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs via transmembrane TNF (tmTNF). Here, we report that two-pore channel (TPC) inhibitors markedly enhance tmTNF expression on antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, injection of TPC inhibitors including tetrandrine, or TPC-specific siRNAs in mice, increases the number of Tregs in a tmTNF/TNFR2-dependent manner. In a mouse colitis model, inhibition of TPCs by tetrandrine markedly attenuates colon inflammation by expansion of Tregs. Mechanistically, we show that TPC inhibitors enhance tmTNF levels by disrupting surface expression of TNF-α–converting enzyme by regulating vesicle trafficking. These results suggest that the therapeutic potential of TPC inhibitors is mediated by expansion of TNFR2-expressing Tregs and elucidate the basis of clinical use in the treatment of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases.

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