scholarly journals Parstatin Mediates Platelet Activation That Is Unaffected By PAR Antagonism

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2234-2234
Author(s):  
Paige Selvy Dunphy ◽  
Jayaprakash Kotha ◽  
Mason L. A. Dixon ◽  
Jay M. Jalenak ◽  
Lisa K. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Thrombin Receptor ◽  
Protein Markers

Abstract Thrombin cleaves PAR-1 at amino acids arg41-ser42 to yield the canonical tethered ligand as well as a soluble peptide, parstatin, which has been reported to have divergent physiological functions. In animal models, this peptide demonstrates anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. In ex vivo studies, parstatin was also demonstrated to affect platelet aggregation and enhance GPIIb/IIIa-mediated adhesion, suggesting this cleaved peptide may participate in pathological thrombosis. With recent approval of a first-in-class PAR-1 antagonist as an antiplatelet agent, it is clinically imperative to fully appreciate the physiologic mechanisms through which thrombin-activation of PAR-1 contributes to platelet aggregation and thrombosis. As such, the effects of PAR antagonism in modulating parstatin-mediated platelet activation requires evaluation. In this study, we characterized parstatin-mediated effects on platelets and investigated the potential involvement of platelet thrombin receptor (PAR-1, PAR-4)-associated signaling in this phenomenon. Light-transmission aggregometry was used to measure aggregation response in washed platelet preparations, and flow cytometry was used to assess expression of protein markers indicative of platelet activation. Consistent with previous reports, we demonstrated parstatin induces P-Selectin surface expression (degranulation), GPIIb/IIIa activation (PAC-1 binding), and aggregation independent of thrombin receptor cleavage (n=10, healthy donors). Interestingly, platelet shape change was not observed following parstatin treatment, even in the presence of PAR-1 activating peptide (PAR-1-AP, SFLLRN), suggesting parstatin-mediated activation does not signal through G12/13-dependent mechanisms, and may override canonical G12/13-associated PAR-1 signaling. Pretreatment with Gq-selective PAR-1 antagonist, ML161 (3 µM), or PAR-4-selective antagonist, ML354 (500 nM) did not inhibit parstatin-mediated platelet activation. These findings are consistent with previous reports suggesting this peptide may signal through a Gi-dependent mechanism. Platelet PAR receptors couple to Gαq and Gα12/13, but direct coupling to Gαi is controversial; therefore, parstatin-mediated activation may occur through a signaling cascade unrelated to canonical PAR-associated mechanisms. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Fucosyltransferase VI Induces Platelet Activation: A Novel Property of a Plasma Glycosyltransferase.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4016-4016
Author(s):  
José-Tomás Navarro ◽  
Shwan Tawfiq ◽  
Roland Wohlgemuth ◽  
Karin M. Hoffmeister ◽  
Robert Sackstein
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Biochemical Studies

Abstract Abstract 4016 Poster Board III-952 A number of glycosyltransferases are present in human plasma with the α(1→3) fucosyltransferase, Fucosyltransferase VI (FTVI), having the highest plasma concentration. Notably, elevated plasma levels of FTVI are associated with a variety of cancers and correlate with tumor load/progression. The well-known association of neoplasia with thromboembolic complications prompted us to examine whether FTVI has direct effect(s) on platelet function. We obtained human platelets from blood of healthy donors and separated from platelet-rich plasma by differential centrifugation. Freshly isolated platelets (x108/ml) were stirred and exposed at 37°C to varying concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 mU/mL) of glycosyltransferases FTVI, β-1-4-galactosyltransferase-I (βGalT-I), or α,2-3-N-sialyltransferase (α2,3-N-ST), or to 1 U/mL thrombin. Platelet aggregation and activation was assessed by aggregometry (light transmission) or by flow cytometry of FSC/SSC characteristics and of surface expression of P-Selectin, respectively. FT-VI reproducibly induced platelet aggregation and activation, whereas other glycosyltransferases (β4GalT-I and α2,3-N-ST) had no effect on platelets. FTVI activation of platelets was concentration-dependent, and the aggregation curve for FTVI was one wave, similar to that for thrombin. FTVI-induced platelet activation was independent of catalytic conversion of surface glycans, but was inhibited by FTVI denaturation, indicating that FTVI-induced platelet activation is a lectin-mediated process. To determine the membrane target(s) mediating FTVI-induced platelet activation, biochemical studies were performed after catalytic exofucosylation of the platelet surface. Flow cytometry after platelet exofucosylation showed formation of the carbohydrate structure sLex, detected by the mAb Heca452, but no formation of Lex (CD15). Western blot showed that enforced fucosylation induced sLex on a single platelet surface protein, and further biochemical studies revealed that this protein is GPIbα. These findings unveil a previously unrecognized property of FTVI as an activator of platelets, mediated via a specific lectin/carbohydrate interaction on GP1ba, and offer novel perspectives on the pathobiology of tumor-associated thrombogenesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Naringenin Inhibits Platelet Activation and Arterial Thrombosis Through Inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manting Huang ◽  
Minzhen Deng ◽  
Wenqiang Nie ◽  
Dezhi Zou ◽  
Huanlin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Vasp Phosphorylation ◽  
Nucleotide Signaling

Citrus flavanoids intake can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Naringenin, a natural predominant flavonoid abundant in citrus fruits, possesses protective effects against atherothrombotic diseases. As platelet activation plays central roles in atherothrombogenesis, we studied the effects of naringenin on platelet activation, signaling, thrombosis and hemostasis. Naringenin dose-dependently inhibited agonist-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, and exhibited more-potent efficacy on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It also suppressed platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP ex vivo. Naringenin inhibited ADP-induced platelet α-granule secretion, fibrinogen binding, intracellular calcium mobilization and platelet adhesion on collagen-coated surface. Naringenin also inhibited platelet spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction, processes mediated by outside-in integrin signaling. Mechanism studies indicated that naringenin suppressed PI3K-mediated signaling and phosphodiesterase activity in platelets, in addition to increasing cGMP levels and VASP phosphorylation at Ser239. Furthermore, naringenin-induced VASP phosphorylation and inhibition of platelet aggregation were reversed by a PKA inhibitor treatment. Interestingly, naringenin inhibited thrombus formation in the (FeCl3)-induced rat carotid arterial thrombus model, but not cause a prolonged bleeding time in mice. This study suggests that naringenin may represent a potential antiplatelet agent targeting PI3K and cyclic nucleotide signaling, with a low bleeding risk.

scholarly journals Favorable therapeutic index of an orally-active small-molecule antagonist of the platelet protease-activated receptor-4, BMS-986141, compared with the P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor in cynomolgus monkeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wong ◽  
J Banville ◽  
R Wexler ◽  
E Priestley ◽  
A Marinier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Thrombin Receptor ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Orally Active ◽  
P2y12 Antagonist

Abstract Introduction BMS-986141 is an orally-active small-molecule platelet thrombin receptor antagonist selective for the protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4), a human platelet thrombin receptor. Purpose This study assessed effects of BMS-986141 vs. the P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor, a standard of care antiplatelet agent, on arterial thrombosis (AT), mesenteric bleeding time (MBT) and platelet aggregation in monkeys. Methods Studies were conducted in models of electrically-mediated carotid artery thrombosis and MBT in anesthetized monkeys. Monkeys were given a single oral dose of BMS-986141 (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (n=8/group). At 2 hr post-dose, in vivo AT, MBT as well as ex vivo platelet aggregation were monitored in the same animal. Ticagrelor was studied as a comparator and given as IV bolus plus infusion at 0.0023+0.017 to 0.075+0.6 (mg/kg+mg/kg/h) (n=5–6/group). Thrombus weight reduction, MBT increase over vehicle, and platelet aggregation inhibition were determined. Peak platelet aggregation responses to activation peptides selective for PAR4 (PAR4-AP, 12.5 μM) and PAR1 (PAR1-AP, 18 μM), to collagen (5 μg/ml) and to ADP (20 μM) were determined by whole blood aggregometry. Results BMS-986141 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by PAR4-AP in human and monkey blood in vitro with comparable IC50 of 1.8±0.3 and 1.2±0.3 nM, respectively. BMS-986141 at 0.5 mg/kg completely inhibited platelet aggregation induced by PAR4-AP but not PAR1-AP, ADP and collagen, suggesting PAR4 receptor selectivity. In the AT model, BMS-986141 at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg reduced thrombus weight by 36±7*, 63±8*, and 88±3%*, respectively (*P<0.05 vs. vehicle). BMS-986141 increased MBT by up to 1.2-fold. In a separate study, ticagrelor at 0.0023+0.017, 0.0068+0.055, 0.0255+0.18 and 0.075+0.6 (mg/kg+mg/kg/h IV) reduced thrombus weight by 19±8, 36±5*, 76±6* and 89±1%*, and increased MBT by respectively by 1.7-, 6.4-*, >10-*, and >10-fold*, respectively (*P<0.05 vs. vehicle). Conclusion Comparable antithrombotic efficacy was observed between BMS-986141 and ticagrelor in monkeys. BMS-986141 exhibited lower MBT compared with ticagrelor at equivalent antithrombotic doses. This study suggests that PAR4 antagonism provides a potentially safer antiplatelet therapy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Research was supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb

High-dose epinephrine enhances platelet aggregation at the expense of procoagulant activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Aliotta ◽  
Debora Bertaggia Calderara ◽  
Maxime G Zermatten ◽  
Lorenzo Alberio
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Calcium Mobilization ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
High Dose

Platelet activation is characterized by shape change, granule secretion, activation of fibrinogen receptor (glycoprotein [GP] IIb/IIIa) sustaining platelet aggregation, and externalization of negatively charged aminophospholipids contributing to platelet procoagulant activity. Epinephrine alone is a weak platelet activator. However, it is able to potentiate platelet activation initiated by other agonists. In this work, we investigated the role of epinephrine in the generation of procoagulant platelets. Human platelets were activated with convulxin (CVX), thrombin (THR) or protease-activated receptor (PARs) agonists, epinephrine (EPI), and combination thereof. Platelet aggregation was assessed by light transmission aggregometry or with PAC-1 binding by flow cytometry. Procoagulant collagen-and-thrombin (COAT) platelets, induced by combined activation with CVX-and-THR, were visualized by flow cytometry as Annexin-V-positive and PAC-1-negative platelets. Cytosolic calcium fluxes were monitored by flow cytometry using Fluo-3 indicator. EPI increased platelet aggregation induced by all agonist combinations tested. On the other hand, EPI dose-dependently reduced the formation of procoagulant COAT platelets generated by combined CVX-and-THR activation. We observed a decreased Annexin-V positivity and increased binding of PAC-1 with the triple activation (CVX+THR+EPI) com-pared with CVX+THR. Calcium mobilization with triple activation was decreased with the higher EPI dose (1000 µM) compared with CVX+THR calcium kinetics. In conclusion, when platelets are activated with CVX-and-THR, the addition of increasing concentrations of EPI (triple stimulation) modulates platelet response reducing cytosolic calcium mobilization, decreasing procoagulant activity and en-hancing platelet aggregation.

Incomplete Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation and Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Receptor Blockade by Abciximab: Importance of Internal Pool of Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Receptors

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (06) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Pogatsa-Murray ◽  
Timm Dickfeld ◽  
Silja Rüdiger ◽  
Winfried Taubitz ◽  
Jörg Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Thrombin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Platelet Release

SummaryResting platelets contain a substantial internal pool of GPIIb-IIIa complexes that is exposed on the surface of activated platelets. Whether the exposure of internal GPIIb-IIIa complexes on the activated platelet surface affects therapy with GPIIb-IIIa antagonists is poorly understood. We addressed this issue in thirteen patients who underwent elective coronary stenting and received abciximab. Platelet aggregation, surface expression of GPIIb-IIIa and P-selectin, receptor blockade of GPIIb-IIIa, and platelet release in response to ADP and thrombin-receptor activating peptide (TRAP) were determined ex vivo by Lumi-aggregometry and flow cytometry before, during and after abciximab administration. We found that inhibition of aggregation and GPIIb-IIIa blockade of ADP-stimulated platelets was almost complete during abciximab administration. In contrast, when TRAP was used to stimulate platelets ex vivo aggregation was only partially inhibited, most likely due to release of internal pool of unblocked GPIIb-IIIa complexes. Using electron microscopy we found that 7E3-occupied GPIIb-IIIa complexes are internalized into the surface connected system (SCS) and the α-granules of washed platelets which was associated with a reduced degranulation of the α-granula membrane protein P-selectin. We conclude, that despite internalization of abciximab into the internal pool of GPIIb-IIIa, upon strong platelet activation with thrombin a significant amount of unblocked internal GPIIb-IIIa can be exposed on the platelet surface and mediate platelet aggregation. Incomplete blockade of the internal GPIIb-IIIa pool may limit clinical efficacy of abciximab.

Comparison of platelet aggregation parameters and expression of platelet granule markers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Малышева ◽  
О.А. Шустова ◽  
С.Г. Хаспекова ◽  
Я.А. Наймушин ◽  
А.В. Мазуров
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombin Receptor ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Turbidimetric Method ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Aggregation Parameters

Введение. Активация тромбоцитов стимулирует их агрегацию и ассоциированный с секрецией экзоцитоз внутриклеточных гранул. Агрегацию чаще всего изучают турбидиметрическим методом, а экзоцитоз гранул методом проточной цитофлуориметрии, определяя экспрессию их маркеров на поверхности тромбоцитов. Цель исследования: сравнение чувствительности двух методов оценки активации тромбоцитов, исследования их агрегации и экспрессии маркеров внутриклеточных гранул. Материалы и методы. Тромбоциты здоровых доноров активировали АДФ и пептидом, активирующим рецептор тромбина (thrombin receptor activating peptide, TRAP). Агрегацию тромбоцитов изучали турбидиметрическим методом в обогащенной тромбоцитами плазме, регистрируя максимальный уровень светопропускания (Т макс). Экспрессию маркеров гранул изучали в цельной крови с помощью проточной цитофлуориметрии, регистрируя процент тромбоцитов, окрашенных антителами против маркеров альфагранул (CD62P) и плотных гранул (CD63). Результаты. У всех доноров 20 мкМ АДФ и 10 мкМ TRAP стимулировали мощную, необратимую агрегацию тромбоцитов (62,1 10,3 и 65,1 5,1 T макс, соответственно). Средние уровни агрегации были ниже при ее стимуляции 2,5 мкМ АДФ (30,9 23,2 T макс) и 1 мкМ TRAP (24,4 29,1 T макс). Экспрессия маркеров гранул была максимальной при активации тромбоцитов 10 мкМ TRAP (77,6 13,7 CD62P и 73,9 13,3 CD63), ниже при активации 1 мкМ TRAP (46,3 25,1 CD62P и 38,3 23,8 CD63), еще ниже при активации 20 мкМ АДФ (19,8 8,5 CD62P и 13,6 5,2 CD63) и минимальной при активации 2,5 мкМ АДФ (8,0 4,2 CD62P и 8,3 3,3 CD63). Адреналин (20 мкМ) не стимулировал экспрессию маркеров гранул, но при совместном добавлении с 20 мкМ АДФ повышал ее в 1,9 раза для обоих маркеров CD62P и CD63. Заключение. При активации тромбоцитов АДФ исследование агрегации является более чувствительным методом, чем определение экспрессии маркеров гранул. При активации тромбоцитов TRAP чувствительность обоих методов приблизительно одинакова. Экспрессия маркеров гранул увеличивается при совместном добавлении к тромбоцитам АДФ и адреналина, хотя адреналин сам по себе не стимулирует их экспрессию. Introduction. Platelet activation stimulates their aggregation and secretion associated exocytosis of intracellular granules. Aggregation is usually studied by turbidimetric method and granule exocytosis by detecting expression of their markers on platelet surface using flow cytofluorimetry. Aim: сomparison of the sensitivity of two methods for evaluation of platelet activation, studies of their aggregation and expression of intracellular granule markers. Materials and methods. Healthy donors platelets were activated by ADP and thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP). Platelet aggregation was investigated in platelet rich plasma by turbidimetric method, assessed by the maximal level of light transmission (T max). Expression of granule markers was detected in whole blood by fl ow cytofl uorimetry registering the percent of platelets stained with antibodies against the markers of alphagranules (CD62P) and dense granules (CD63). Results. In all donors 20 M ADP and 10 M TRAP stimulated strong irreversible platelet aggregation (62.1 10.3 and 65.1 5.1 T max). Mean aggregation levels were lower when it was stimulated by 2.5 M ADP (30.9 23.2 T max) and 1 M TRAP (24.4 29.1 T max). Expression of granule markers was maximal at platelet activation by 10 M TRAP (77.6 13.7 CD62P and 73.9 13.3 CD63), lower at activation by 1 M TRAP (46.3 25.1 CD62P and 38.3 23.8 CD63), more lower at activation by 20 M ADP (19.8 8.5 CD62P and 13.6 5.4 CD63), and minimal at activation by 2.5 M ADP (8.0 4.2 CD62P and 8.3 3.3 CD63). Epinephrine (20 M) did not stimulate expression of granule markers but at combined addition with 20 M ADP increased its level by 1.9 for both markers, CD62P and CD63. Conclusion. Platelet aggregation is more sensitive method than detection of expression of granule markers when platelets are activated by ADP. Both methods demonstrate about the same sensitivity when platelets are activated by TRAP. Expression of granule markers is increased at combined addition of ADP and epinephrine although epinephrine by itself fails to stimulate their expression.

Reaction of Acetaldehyde with Human Platelets

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Spertini ◽  
Jacques Hauert ◽  
Fedor Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Neutral Ph

SummaryPlatelet function defects observed in chronic alcoholics are not wholly explained by the inhibitory action of ethanol on platelet aggregation; they are not completely reproduced either in vivo by short-term ethanol perfusion into volunteers or in vitro by the addition of ethanol to platelet-rich plasma. As acetaldehyde (AcH) binds to many proteins and impairs cellular activities, we investigated the effect of this early degradation product of ethanol on platelets. AcH formed adducts with human platelets at neutral pH at 37° C which were stable to extensive washing, trichloracetic acid hydrolysis and heating at 100° C, and were not reduced by sodium borohydride. The amount of platelet adducts formed was a function of the incubation time and of the concentration of AcH in the reaction medium. At low AcH concentrations (<0.2 mM), platelet bound AcH was directly proportional to the concentration of AcH in the reaction medium. At higher concentrations (≥0.2 mM), AcH uptake by platelets tended to reach a plateau. The amount of adducts was also proportional to the number of exposures of platelets to pulses of 20 pM AcH.AcH adducts formation severely impaired platelet aggregation and shape change induced by ADP, collagen and thrombin. A positive correlation was established between platelet-bound AcH and inhibition of aggregation.SDS-PAGE analysis of AcH adducts at neutral pH demonstrated the binding of [14C]acetaldehyde to many platelet proteins. AcH adduct formation with membrane glycoproteins, cytoskeleton and enzymes might interfere with several steps of platelet activation and impair platelet aggregation.This in vitro study shows that AcH has a major inhibitory action on platelet aggregation and may account for the prolonged ex vivo inhibition of aggregation observed in chronic alcoholics even in the absence of alcoholemia.

The d-Enantiomer Form of Indobufen Totally Accounts for the Anti-Cyclooxygenase and Antiplatelet Activity Ex Vivo and for the Increase in Bleeding Time by Indobufen in Man

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (02) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele De Caterina ◽  
Rosa Sicari ◽  
An Yan ◽  
Walter Bernini ◽  
Daniela Giannessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Antiplatelet Drug ◽  
Double Blind

SummaryIndobufen is an antiplatelet drug able to inhibit thromboxane production and cyclooxygenase-dependent platelet aggregation by a reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Indobufen exists in two enantiomeric forms, of which only d-indobufen is active in vitro in inhibiting cyclooxygenase. In order to verify that also inhibition of platelet function is totally accounted for by d-indobufen, ten patients with proven coronary artery disease (8 male, 2 female, age, mean ± S.D., 58.7 ± 7.5 years) were given, in random sequence, both 100 mg d-indobufen and 200 mg dl-indobufen as single administrations in a double-blind crossover design study with a washout period between treatments of 72 h. In all patients thromboxane (TX) B2 generation after spontaneous clotting (at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h), drug plasma levels (at the same times), platelet aggregation in response to ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid, collagen, PAF, and bleeding time (at 0, 2, 12 h) were evaluated after each treatment. Both treatments determined peak inhibition of TXB2 production at 2 h from administration, with no statistical difference between the two treatments (97 ±3% for both treatments). At 12 h inhibition was 87 ± 6% for d-indobufen and 88 ± 6% for dl-indobufen (p = NS). Inhibition of TXB2 production correlated significantly with plasma levels of the drugs. Maximum inhibitory effect on aggregation was seen in response to collagen 1.5 pg/ml (63 ± 44% for d-indobufen and 81 ± 22% for dl-indobufen) and arachidonic acid 0.5-2 mM (78 ± 34% for d-indobufen and 88 ± 24% for dl-indobufen) at 2 h after each administration. An effect of both treatments on platelet aggregation after 12 h was present only for adrenaline 2 μM (55 ± 41% for d-indobufen and 37 ± 54% for dl-indobufen), collagen 1.5 pg/ml (69 ± 30% for d-indobufen and 51 ± 61% for dl-indobufen), arachidonic acid 0.5-2 mM (56 ± 48% for d-indobufen and 35 ± 49% for dl-indobufen). The extent of inhibition of TX production and the extent of residual platelet aggregation were never significantly different between treatments. Bleeding time prolongation was similar in the two treatment groups without showing a pronounced and long lasting effect (from 7.0 ± 2.0 min to 10.0 ± 3.0 min at 2 h and 8.0 ± 2.0 min at 12 h for d-indobufen; from 6.0 ±1.0 min to 8.5 ± 2.0 min at 2 h and 8.0 ± 1.0 min at 12 h for dl-indobufen). These results demonstrate that the biological activity of dl-indobufen as an antiplatelet agent in vivo is totally accounted for by d-indobufen.

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)-Induced ⍺-Granules Release from Platelets of Native Whole Blood Is Reduced by Ticlopidine but Not by Aspirin or Dipyridamole

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Pengo ◽  
M Boschello ◽  
A Marzari ◽  
M Baca ◽  
L Schivazappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plateletderived Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Shape

SummaryA brief contact between native whole blood and ADP promotes a dose-dependent release of platelet a-granules without a fall in the platelet number. We assessed the “ex vivo” effect of three widely used antiplatelet drugs, aspirin dipyridamole and ticlopidine, on this system. Aspirin (a single 800 mg dose) and dipyridamole (300 mg/die for four days) had no effect, while ticlopidine (500 mg/die for four days) significantly reduced the a-granules release for an ADP stimulation of 0.4 (p <0.02), 1.2 (p <0.01) and 2 pM (p <0.01). No drug, however, completeley inhibits this early stage of platelet activation. The platelet release of α-granules may be related to platelet shape change of the light transmission aggregometer and may be important “in vivo” by enhancing platelet adhesiveness and by liberating the plateletderived growth factor.

Aprotinin: is it prothrombotic?

Perfusion ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Poullis ◽  
R C Landis ◽  
K M Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Thrombin Receptor ◽  
Proteolytic Activation ◽  
Agonist Peptide ◽  
Receptor Family

Controversy continues as to whether aprotinin (Trasylol) is prothrombotic. The recent discovery of the thrombin receptor family, known as the protease-activated receptor family (PAR) has been essential in aiding our understanding of the mechanism of action of aprotinin. Our results show that aprotinin has no effect on platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, collagen or PAR 1 agonist peptide. However, aprotinin inhibits thrombin-induced platelet activation as assessed by macroaggregation, microaggregation and platelet membrane calcium flux. Aprotinin inhibits proteolytic activation of platelets, but platelets can still be activated by non-proteolytic mechanisms.

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