Erythroid Homograft Following Leukocyte Transfusion in a Patient with Acute Leukemia

Abstract The establishment of a hematopoietic graft of stem cells from a donor with chronic myelogenous leukemia in a patient with acute leukemia took place in the face of ABO red cell group incompatibility. The donor was group A and the recipient who was group O gradually increased his red cell mass to become 80 per cent group A. There was both active and passive immunity to A present at the time of induction of the graft. The graft flourished despite persistent anti-A agglutinins and an immune response in the B agglutinin and hemolysin system. Failure of the graft coincided with a fall in antibody levels and was followed by a second immune response which included marked elevation of 7S gamma globulin levels. Red cell incompatibility was not a barrier to this graft and failure of the graft was probably due to other immune mechanisms.

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Tn polyagglutination preceding acute leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v54.1.30.bloodjournal54130 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

PM Ness ◽

G Garratty ◽

PA Morel ◽

HA Perkins

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Acute Leukemia ◽

Clinical Remission ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Red Cell ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Acute Myelogenous ◽

Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽

Mixed Field ◽

Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Tn polyagglutination (persistent mixed-field polyagglutination) was detected in the blood of a 66-yr-old male laborer at the time of a splenectomy for life-threatening thrombocytopenia. Confirmation that the polyagglutination was caused by Tn activation was established by the use of lectins, by failure of the patient's red cells to react with sera from other patients with Tn polyagglutination, by weak aggregation with polybrene, by low red cell sialic acid levels, and by the persistence of polyagglutination over several years of testing. Two years after the discovery of the Tn polyagglutination, the patient developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Vigorous chemotherapy regimens resulted in clinical remission of the leukemia and the Tn polyagglutination. This report describes the first known case of Tn polyagglutination preceding the development of acute myelogenous leukemia.

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RABBIT ANTIBODIES TO STREPTOCOCCAL CARBOHYDRATES

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.129.4.809 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 809-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Dietmar G. Braun ◽

Klaus Eichmann ◽

Richard M. Krause

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Antigenic Specificity ◽

Primary Immunization ◽

High Antibody ◽

Myeloma Proteins ◽

Predominant Component ◽

Group A ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Antibody Levels

In a search for possible genetic factors which may influence the immune response to the streptococcal carbohydrates, over 100 rabbits have been immunized with streptococcal vaccines, and representative examples of high and low response pairs mated. The concentration of precipitins to the group—specific carbohydrates has been measured in the antisera following primary intravenous immunization with heat-killed streptococcal vaccines, Group A, Group A-variant, and Group C. For the majority of rabbits, the concentration of precipitins varied between 1 and 10 mg/ml of antiserum; while in the minority, it was between 11 and 32 mg/ml. The offspring of rabbits with high antibody levels had a significantly higher concentration of antibody than was seen in the offspring of rabbits of low response parents. Such data suggest that the magnitude of the immune response to these carbohydrate antigens is under some form of genetic control. Not uncommonly in rabbits with hyper-γ-globulinemia following primary immunization, the group-specific precipitins are the predominant component of the γ-globulin. An unusual feature of such components is that they are electrophoretically monodisperse, and possess individual antigenic specificity. In this respect they resemble the myeloma proteins. When a response of this sort is not seen after primary immunization, it may occur after secondary immunization. Therefore, prior exposure to the same or closely related antigen may also have an influence on the occurrence of high concentrations of such uniform antibodies.

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Tn polyagglutination preceding acute leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v54.1.30.30 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 30-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

PM Ness ◽

G Garratty ◽

PA Morel ◽

HA Perkins

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Acute Leukemia ◽

Clinical Remission ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Red Cell ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Acute Myelogenous ◽

Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽

Mixed Field ◽

Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Abstract Tn polyagglutination (persistent mixed-field polyagglutination) was detected in the blood of a 66-yr-old male laborer at the time of a splenectomy for life-threatening thrombocytopenia. Confirmation that the polyagglutination was caused by Tn activation was established by the use of lectins, by failure of the patient's red cells to react with sera from other patients with Tn polyagglutination, by weak aggregation with polybrene, by low red cell sialic acid levels, and by the persistence of polyagglutination over several years of testing. Two years after the discovery of the Tn polyagglutination, the patient developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Vigorous chemotherapy regimens resulted in clinical remission of the leukemia and the Tn polyagglutination. This report describes the first known case of Tn polyagglutination preceding the development of acute myelogenous leukemia.

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Use of blood products in cardiac surgery

Perfusion ◽

10.1177/026765919701200302 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M C Renton ◽

D BL McClelland ◽

C J Sinclair

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Red Cell ◽

Blood Products ◽

Elective Cardiac Surgery ◽

Transfusion Requirements ◽

Red Cell Mass ◽

The Face ◽

Preoperative Factors ◽

Cardiac Operations

The quantity of blood products used perioperatively during cardiac surgery is known to vary widely between institutions. This study looked at the amount of blood products used perioperatively in 74 consecutive elective cardiac operations in one institution. The results are compared with those from other European centres and a cost analysis carried out. On average 2.33 ± 0.74 (95% confidence interval 1.93-2.77) units of red cell concentrate were transfused perioperatively per patient. Six (8%) patients received no blood products. In addition a number of preoperative factors were studied in an attempt to identify predictors of transfusion requirements. Age, preoperative haemoglobin, female sex and red cell mass were all found to have some predictive value. In the face of increasing demands on a limited supply of blood products we question the need for crossmatching more than four units of red cell concentrate in elective cardiac surgery.

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Effect of six weeks 1000 mg/day vitamin C supplementation and healthy training in elderly women on genes expression associated with the immune response - a randomized controlled trial

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-021-00416-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Żychowska ◽

Agata Grzybkowska ◽

Mariusz Zasada ◽

Anna Piotrowska ◽

Danuta Dworakowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Body Mass ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Vitamin C Supplementation ◽

Group A ◽

Adaptation To Training

Abstract Background In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementation and exercise on the expression of genes associated with inflammation like CCL2, CRP, IL1, IL6, IL10 mRNA in elderly women. Methods Twenty four participants divided randomly into two groups were subjected to 6 weeks of the same health training program (three times per week). SUP group (supplemented, n = 12, mean age 72.8 ± 5.26 years and mean body mass 68.1 ± 8.3 kg) received 1000 mg of Vitamin C/day during the training period, while CON group (control, n = 12, mean age 72.4 ± 5.5 years and body mass 67.7 ± 7.5 kg) received placebo. Results No significant changes in IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and CRP mRNA were observed within and between groups. However, there was a clear tendency of a decrease in IL-6 (two-way ANOVA, significant between investigated time points) and an increase in IL-10 mRNA noted in the supplemented group. A significant decrease in CCL2 mRNA was observed only in the CON group (from 2^0.2 to 2^0.1, p = 0.01). Conclusions It can be concluded, that 6 weeks of supplementation and exercise was too short to obtain significant changes in gene expression in leukocytes, but supplementation of 1000 mg vitamin C positively affected IL-6 and IL-10 expression – which are key changes in the adaptation to training. However, changes in body mass, IL1 and CCL2 were positive in CON group. It is possible that Vitamin C during 6 weeks of supplementation could have different effects on the expression of individual genes involved in the immune response. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.

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Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2231

Author(s):

István Kiss ◽

Krisztina Szigeti ◽

Zalán G. Homonnay ◽

Vivien Tamás ◽

Han Smits ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Vaccine Protection ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Antibody Levels

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

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1153. Characterization of Invasive Mold Infections in Acute Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient Patients and Risk Factors for Mortality - a Single Center Experience

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S603-S604

Author(s):

Ryan Kubat ◽

Praveen Subramanian ◽

Yanming Li ◽

Kassem Hammoud ◽

Albert Eid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Acute Leukemia ◽

Regression Model ◽

Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Cox Model ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Cell Transplant ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Invasive Mold Infections

Abstract Background Invasive mold infections (IMIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We describe the epidemiology of IMIs, the incidence of IMI in patients with acute myelogenous Leukemia (AML) post HSCT, and risk factors for mortality. Methods Patients were identified using ICD9 and ICD10 codes using a University of Kansas internal database from 2009-2019, microbiology records, and an AML HSCT database and were followed through May 1st, 2020. Patients’ electronic medical records were reviewed for inclusion. IMI was defined as proven or probable using the 2009 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (MSG) guidelines. Incidence was calculated as IMI cases/100-person-years. Risk factors for overall mortality were evaluated using a Cox regression model. Results We included 138 patients: 79 developed IMI after HSCT (8 autologous, 71 allogeneic) and 59 developed IMI after AL diagnosis. Seventeen of the AL patients underwent HSCT after IMI diagnosis (12 within 100 days of IMI). Proven IMI occurred in 45 (32.6%) and probable IMI occurred in 93 (67.4%) patients. The most common prophylactic agent prior to IMI diagnosis was fluconazole (31.2%), with 21.0% receiving none. Aspergillus was the most commonly identified mold with 91 (65.9%) cases. The average treatment duration was 101 (range 0 - 799) days. The incidence of IMI in patients with AML who underwent HSCT was 2.35 cases/100 person-years. All-cause mortality among patients with AL or HSCT who developed IMI was 23.1% at 6 weeks, 34.1% at 12 weeks, and 61.2% at 1 year. On univariate Cox model, Karnofsky performance status > 70 was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 0.317, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.110, 0.914]) among HSCT recipients. ICU admission within 7 days prior to IMI diagnosis (HR 6.469, 95% CI [1.779, 23.530]) and each one point increase in BMI (HR 1.051, CI [1.001, 1.103]) were associated with increased mortality in the AL group. Figure 1 - Invasive mold infections by pathogen in HSCT-recipients and acute leukemia patients from 2009-2019. Figure 2 - Antifungal prophylactic agents prescribed for at least one week at time of IMI diagnosis Table 1 - Univariate survival analysis calculated using a Cox proportional-hazards regression model among patients who developed IMI after HSCT and patients who developed IMI after acute leukemia diagnosis Conclusion IMIs are associated with significant mortality in HSCT recipients and AL patients; patients at higher risk for mortality include those with lower baseline Karnofsky scores, recent ICU admissions, and higher BMI at time of IMI diagnosis. Disclosures Wissam El Atrouni, MD, ViiV (Advisor or Review Panel member)

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Philadelphia chromosome and terminal transferase-positive acute leukemia: similarity of terminal phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia and de novo acute presentation.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1983.1.11.669 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 1 (11) ◽

pp. 669-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

K Jain ◽

Z Arlin ◽

R Mertelsmann ◽

T Gee ◽

S Kempin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Leukemia ◽

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽

Philadelphia Chromosome ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Allogeneic Bone ◽

Leukocyte Antigen ◽

Terminal Transferase

Twenty-eight patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)--positive and terminal transferase (TdT)--positive acute leukemia (AL) were treated with intensive chemotherapy used for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L-10 and L-10M protocols). Fifteen patients had a documented chronic phase of Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia preceding the acute transformation (TdT + BLCML) while the remaining 13 patients did not (TdT + Ph1 + AL). An overall complete remission (CR) rate of 71% was obtained with a median survival of 13 months in the responders. Clinical presentation, laboratory data, cytogenetics, response to treatment, and survivals of the two groups of patients are compared. These results appear to be similar, suggesting a common or closely related origin. Since the overall survival of those receiving chemotherapy maintenance is poor, three patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from histocompatibility leukocyte antigen--matched siblings after they achieved CR. One of them is a long-term survivor (35 + months) with a Ph1-negative bone marrow. New techniques such as BMT should be considered in young patients with a histocompatibility leukocyte antigen--compatible sibling once a CR has been achieved.

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