Obesity, tidal volume, and pulmonary deposition of fine particulate matter in children with asthma

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100209
Author(s):  
Nima Afshar-Mohajer ◽  
Tianshi David Wu ◽  
Rebecca Shade ◽  
Emily Brigham ◽  
Han Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Children With Asthma

BackgroundObese children with asthma are more vulnerable to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), but reasons are poorly understood. We hypothesised that differences in breathing patterns (tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute ventilation) due to elevated body mass index (BMI) may contribute to this finding.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of BMI with breathing patterns and deposition of inhaled PM2.5.MethodsBaseline data from a prospective study of children with asthma was analysed (n=174). Tidal breathing was measured by a pitot-tube flowmeter, from which tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute ventilation were obtained. The association of BMI z-score with breathing patterns was estimated in a multivariable model adjusted for age, height, race, sex, and asthma severity. A particle dosimetry model simulated PM2.5 lung deposition based on BMI-associated changes in breathing patterns.ResultsHigher BMI was associated with higher tidal volume (adjusted mean difference [aMD] between obese and normal-range BMI of 25 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5–45 mL) and minute ventilation (aMD 453 mL·min−1, 95%CI 123–784 mL·min−1). Higher tidal volumes caused higher fractional deposition of PM2.5 in the lung, driven by greater alveolar deposition. This translated into obese participants having greater per-breath retention of inhaled PM2.5 (aMD in alveolar deposition fraction of 3.4%; 95% CI 1.3–5.5%), leading to worse PM2.5 deposition rates.ConclusionsObese children with asthma breathe at higher tidal volumes that may increase the efficiency of PM2.5 deposition in the lung. This finding may partially explain why obese children with asthma exhibit greater sensitivity to air pollution.

scholarly journals Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavin K. Ward‐Caviness, ◽  
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, ◽  
Joshua Moyer, ◽  
Anne M. Weaver, ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates. Methods and Results We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m 3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches. Conclusions These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals Visualization of Correlation for Air Pollution Time Series using TAQMN Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7922-7927
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

In Taiwan country Annan, Chiayi, Giran, and Puzi cities are facing a serious fine particulate matter (PM2.5) issue. To date the impressive advance has been made toward understanding the PM2.5 issue, counting special temporal characterization, driving variables and well-being impacted. However, notable research as has been done on the interaction of the content between the selected cities of Taiwan country for particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration. In this paper, we purposed a visualization technique based on this principle of the visualization, cross-correlation method and also the time-series concentration with particulate matter (PM2.5) for different cities in Taiwan. The visualization also shows that the correlation between the different meteorological factors as well as the different air pollution pollutants for particular cities in Taiwan. This visualization approach helps to determine the concentration of the air pollution levels in different cities and also determine the Pearson correlation, r values of selected cities are Annan, Puzi, Giran, and Wugu.

MODELING ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY WITH FINE PARTICULATE MATTER

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
S. V. Kakareka ◽  
◽  
S. V. Salivonchyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Fine Particulate

The paper deals with the quantification of fine particulate matter (PM10) dispersion in atmospheric air of an industrial city using the AERMOD model by an example of Zhlobin (the Gomel oblast, Belarus). Model input data and procedures for the emission inventory and obtaining spatially distributed estimates are described. Emissions and dispersion of PM10 from the main categories of sources are considered, including industrial facilities, road and off-road mobile sources, domestic sector, and agriculture. It is shown that the main contribution to high PM10 concentrations in atmospheric air is made by industrial enterprises, the domestic sector, and road transport. The spatial pattern of urban air pollution is described. The simulation results are compared with the results of PM10 measurements at the monitoring site, their satisfactory consistency is demonstrated.

Abstract 15149: Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Preferentially Increases the Risk of ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Events

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent G Meredith ◽  
C A Pope ◽  
Joseph B Muhlestein ◽  
Jeffrey L Anderson ◽  
John B Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Significant Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
St Elevation

Introduction: Air pollution is associated with greater cardiovascular event risk, but which types of events and the specific at-risk individuals remain unknown. Hypothesis: Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is associated with greater risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (USA). Methods: ACS events treated at Intermountain Healthcare hospitals in Utah’s urban Wasatch Front region between September 10, 1993 and May 15, 2014 were included if the patient resided in that area (N=16,314). A time-stratified case-crossover design was performed matching the PM 2.5 exposure at the time of event with periods when the event did not occur (referent), for STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA. Patients served as their own controls. Odds ratios (OR) were determined for exposure threshold versus linear, non-threshold models. Results: In STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA patients, age averaged 62, 64, and 63 years; males constituted 73%, 66%, and 68%; current or past smoking was prevalent in 33%, 25%, and 26%; and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (defined as ≥1 coronary with ≥70% stenosis) was found among 95%, 75%, and 74%, respectively. Short-term PM 2.5 exposure was associated with ACS events (Table). Conclusions: Short-term exposure of PM 2.5 was strongly associated with greater risk of STEMI, especially in patients with angiographic CAD. No association with NSTEMI was found, and only a weak effect for USA. This study supports a PM 2.5 exposure threshold of 25 μg/m 3 , below which little exposure effect is seen, while the effect is linear above that level.

scholarly journals Residential exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and incident breast cancer in a cohort of Canadian women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Villeneuve ◽  
Mark S. Goldberg ◽  
Dan L. Crouse ◽  
Teresa To ◽  
Scott A. Weichenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Residential Exposure ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Incident Breast Cancer
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