Long-term trends in lung cancer incidence in non-smokers: a UK-based cohort study of 3.7 million people

Studies have reported associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer. However, there have been inconsistent reports of such associations with lung cancer by histological type. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association of long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter up to 10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with lung cancer incidence by histological subtype in South Korea. This population-based cohort study included 6,567,909 cancer-free subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database for 2006–2007. We linked population data to Korea Central Cancer Registry data to confirm lung cancer incidence for 2006–2013. Individual exposures to PM10 and NO2 were assessed as five-year average concentrations predicted at subjects’ district-specific home addresses for 2002–2007. We divided these exposures into two categories based on the 75th percentile. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of lung cancer incidence for the upper 25% exposure compared to the low 75% by histological subtypes at diagnosis after adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 27,518 lung cancer were found between 2006 to 2013. The incidence of lung cancer was higher in males, smokers, drinkers and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Overall, we did not find an increased risk of lung cancer with higher exposure to PM10 or NO2. However, high exposure to PM10 was associated with increased risk of adenocarcinoma in comparison with lower exposure in males and current smokers (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03–1.25). This study showed that long-term air pollution exposures were associated with an elevated risk of lung adenocarcinoma in male smokers in Korea.

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Retrospective cohort study of smoking and lung cancer incidence in rural prefecture, Japan

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf02897988 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 178-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yoneatsu Osaki ◽

Mikizo Okamoto ◽

Akihiko Kaetsu ◽

Takuji Kishimoto ◽

Akihiko Suyama

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Lung Cancer Incidence

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FP12.03 Associations of Urinary Biomarkers of Tobacco Toxicants With Lung Cancer Incidence in Smokers: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

Journal of Thoracic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. S965

Author(s):

S. Cigan ◽

S. Murphy ◽

Y. Patel ◽

D. Stram ◽

L. Le Marchand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Urinary Biomarkers ◽

Lung Cancer Incidence ◽

Multiethnic Cohort

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Ambient PM2.5 and Annual Lung Cancer Incidence: A Nationwide Study in 295 Chinese Counties

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1481 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Huagui Guo ◽

Weifeng Li ◽

Jiansheng Wu

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Lung Cancer Incidence ◽

Lag Effects ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Males And Females

Most studies have examined PM2.5 effects on lung cancer mortalities, while few nationwide studies have been conducted in developing countries to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidences. To fill this gap, this work aims to examine the effects of PM2.5 exposure on annual incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. We performed a nationwide analysis in 295 counties (districts) from 2006 to 2014. Two regression models were employed to analyse data controlling for time, location and socioeconomic characteristics. We also examined whether the estimates of PM2.5 effects are sensitive to the adjustment of health and behaviour covariates, and the issue of the changing cancer registries each year. We further investigated the modification effects of region, temperature and precipitation. Generally, we found significantly positive associations between PM2.5 and incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females. If concurrent PM2.5 changes by 10 μg/m3, then the incidence rate relative to its baseline significantly changes by 4.20% (95% CI: 2.73%, 5.88%) and 2.48% (95% CI: 1.24%, 4.14%) for males and females, respectively. The effects of exposure to PM2.5 were still significant when further controlling for health and behaviour factors or using 5 year consecutive data from 91 counties. We found the evidence of long-term lag effects of PM2.5. We also found that temperature appeared to positively modify the effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for males. In conclusion, there were significantly adverse effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for both males and females in China. The estimated effect sizes might be considerably lower than those reported in developed countries. There were long-term lag effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidence in China.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer incidence in never smokers: a cohort study

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 506-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hye Yun Park ◽

Danbee Kang ◽

Sun Hye Shin ◽

Kwang-Ha Yoo ◽

Chin Kook Rhee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Lung Cancer Incidence ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Never Smokers

There has been limited evidence for the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the incidence of lung cancer among never smokers. We aimed to estimate the risk of lung cancer incidence in never smokers with COPD, and to compare it with the risk associated with smoking. This cohort study involved 338 548 subjects, 40 to 84 years of age with no history of lung cancer at baseline, enrolled in the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort. During 2 355 005 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up 7.0 years), 1834 participants developed lung cancer. Compared with never smokers without COPD, the fully-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for lung cancer in never smokers with COPD, ever smokers without COPD, and ever smokers with COPD were 2.67 (2.09 to 3.40), 1.97 (1.75 to 2.21), and 6.19 (5.04 to 7.61), respectively. In this large national cohort study, COPD was also a strong independent risk factor for lung cancer incidence in never smokers, implying that COPD patients are at high risk of lung cancer, irrespective of smoking status.

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