Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Pudong New Area of Shanghai using three proposed definitions among Chinese adults

AbstractAnimal studies have suggested that Mn might be associated with some components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A few epidemiological studies have assessed dietary Mn intake and its association with the risk of the MetS and its components among Chinese adults. In this study, we assessed daily dietary Mn intake and its relationship with MetS risk among Chinese adults in Zhejiang Province using data from the 5th Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (2010–2012). A total of 2111 adults were included. Dietary Mn intake was assessed using 3-d 24-h dietary recalls; health-related data were obtained by questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The mean intake of Mn was 6·07 (sd 2·94) mg/d for men (n 998) and 5·13 (sd 2·65) mg/d for women (n 1113). Rice (>42 %) was the main food source of Mn. The prevalence of the MetS was 28·0 % (590/2111). Higher Mn intake was associated with a decreased risk of the MetS in men (Q4 v. Q1 OR 0·62; 95 % CI 0·42, 0·92; Ptrend=0·043) but an increased risk in women (Q4 v. Q1 OR 1·56; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·45; Ptrend=0·078). In addition, Mn intake was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (Ptrend=0·016) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (Ptrend=0·029) in men, but positively associated with low HDL-cholesterol in both men (Ptrend=0·003) and women (Ptrend<0·001). Our results suggest that higher Mn intakes may be protective against the MetS in men. The inverse association between Mn intake and the MetS in women might be due to the increased risk for low HDL-cholesterol.

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Association between 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: the Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514003833 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 996-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Zeng Ge ◽

Xiaolei Guo ◽

Xiaorong Chen ◽

Junli Tang ◽

Liuxia Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Hdl

The association of 24 h urinary Na and potassium excretion with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been studied in China. The aim of the present study was to examine this association by analysing the data from 1906 study participants living in north China. To this end, 24 h urine samples were collected. Of the 1906 participants, 471 (24·7 %) had the MetS. The mean urinary Na and K excretion was 228·7 and 40·8 mmol/d, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the odds of the MetS significantly increased across the increasing tertiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·40 and 1·54, respectively). For the components of the MetS, the odds of central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG, but not the odds of low HDL-cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose, significantly increased with the successive tertiles of urinary Na excretion. Furthermore, for every 100 mmol/d increase in urinary Na excretion, the odds of the MetS, central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG was significantly increased by 29, 63, 22 and 21 %, respectively. However, urinary K excretion was not significantly associated with the risk of the MetS. These findings suggest that high Na intake might be an important risk factor for the MetS in Chinese adults.

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Higher serum carotenoid concentrations associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451400316x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (12) ◽

pp. 2041-2048 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jun Liu ◽

Wen-qi Shi ◽

Yi Cao ◽

Li-ping He ◽

Ke Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Elderly Chinese ◽

Serum Carotenoids ◽

Β Carotene

The association between serum carotenoids and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains uncertain, and little is known about this relationship in the Chinese population. The present study examined the association between serum carotenoid concentrations and the MetS in Chinese adults. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in which 2148 subjects (1547 women and 601 men) aged 50–75 years were recruited in urban Guangzhou, China. Dietary data and other covariates were collected during face-to-face interviews. Blood pressure, waist circumference, blood lipids, glucose and serum carotenoids (α-, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin) were examined. We found dose–response inverse relationships between individual serum carotenoid concentrations and total carotenoids and the prevalence of the MetS after adjusting for potential confounders (P for trend < 0·001). The OR of the MetS for the highest (v. lowest) quartile were 0·31 (95 % CI 0·20, 0·47) for α-carotene, 0·23 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·36) for β-carotene, 0·44 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·67) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0·39 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·58) for lycopene, 0·28 (95 % CI 0·18, 0·44) for lutein+zeaxanthin and 0·19 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·30) for total carotenoids. Higher concentrations of each individual carotenoid and total carotenoids were significantly associated with a decrease in the number of abnormal MetS components (P for trend < 0·001–0·023). Higher serum carotenoid levels were associated with a lower prevalence of the MetS and fewer abnormal MetS components in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

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Obstructive sleep apnea and the metabolic syndrome in community-based Chinese adults in Hong Kong

Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rmed.2005.10.003 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 980-987 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Jamie C.M. Lam ◽

Bing Lam ◽

Chi-leung Lam ◽

Daniel Fong ◽

Julie K.L. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Community Based ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Obstructive Sleep

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Association of dietary sodium:potassium ratio with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518001496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (6) ◽

pp. 612-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiaocheng Li ◽

Baofu Guo ◽

Di Jin ◽

Yanli Wang ◽

Yun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Data ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Weighing Method

AbstractSeveral epidemiological studies have investigated that Na or K intakes might be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little evidence has evaluated the association between Na:K ratio and the MetS. In this study, we assessed the association between the dietary Na:K ratio and the MetS. The cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and older in Nanjing, using a multi-stage random sampling method, which resulted in a sample size of 1993 participants. Dietary Na and K intakes were assessed by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with condiments weighing method. Health-related data were obtained by standardised questionnaires, as well as physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The prevalence rate of the MetS was 36·5 % (728/1993). After adjusting for various lifestyle and dietary factors of the MetS, participants in the highest quartile of dietary Na:K ratio were at a higher risk of developing MetS (OR=1·602; 95 % CI 1·090, 2·353) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Each 1-sd increase in dietary Na:K ratio was associated with a higher risk of prevalent MetS (OR=1·166; 95 % CI: 1·018, 1·336). Among the components of the MetS, dietary Na:K ratio was positively associated with high blood pressure (quartile 3 v. quartile 1: OR=1·656; 95 % CI 1·228, 2·256) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (quartile 4 v. quartile1: OR=1·305; 95 % CI 1·029, 1·655) in multivariate analysis. These results revealed that higher dietary Na:K ratio significantly increased the risk of the MetS in Chinese adults. Further studies are needed to verify this association.

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Association between Serum Ferritin Levels and Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: A Population Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0074168 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e74168 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Jiang Li ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Dan Luo ◽

Shuang Li ◽

Cheng Xiao

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Population Study ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Association between the metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfl759 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1100-1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

J. Chen ◽

D. Gu ◽

C.-S. Chen ◽

X. Wu ◽

L. L. Hamm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Associations of plasma very-long-chain SFA and the metabolic syndrome in adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518002106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (8) ◽

pp. 855-862

Author(s):

Jing Zhao ◽

Xiaofan Li ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Qianqian Chu ◽

Yunhua Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolically Healthy ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Long Chain

AbstractPlasma levels of very-long-chain SFA (VLCSFA) are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the associations may vary by different biological activities of individual VLCSFA or population characteristics. We aimed to examine the associations of VLCSFA and MetS risk in Chinese adults. Totally, 2008 Chinese population aged 35–59 years were recruited and followed up from 2010 to 2012. Baseline MetS status and plasma fatty acids data were available for 1729 individuals without serious diseases. Among 899 initially metabolically healthy individuals, we identified 212 incident MetS during the follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate OR and 95 % CI. Cross-sectionally, each VLCSFA was inversely associated with MetS risk; comparing with the lowest quartile, the multivariate-adjusted OR for the highest quartile were 0·18 (95 % CI 0·13, 0·25) for C20 : 0, 0·26 (95 % CI 0·18, 0·35) for C22 : 0, 0·19 (95 % CI 0·13, 0·26) for C24 : 0 and 0·16 (0·11, 0·22) for total VLCSFA (all Pfor trend<0·001). The associations remained significant after further adjusting for C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 3n-3, C22 : 6n-3, n-6 PUFA and MUFA, respectively. Based on follow-up data, C20 : 0 or C22 : 0 was also inversely associated with incident MetS risk. Among the five individual MetS components, higher levels of VLCSFA were most strongly inversely associated with elevated TAG (≥1·7 mmol/l). Plasma levels of VLCSFA were significantly and inversely associated with MetS risk and individual MetS components, especially TAG. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings and explore underlying mechanisms.

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