scholarly journals Knowledge of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and perception about provider initiated HIV testing and counselling among TB patients attending health facilities in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayichew Seyoum ◽  
Mengistu Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counselling

scholarly journals 1061. False Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Due to Acute Hepatitis A Infection: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S559-S559
Author(s):  
Maria V Bandres ◽  
Daniel Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background In our urban, underserved patient population, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is hyper-endemic, and HIV screening is frequently performed. Although HIV screening tests have high specificity, false positives can occur. Numerous reasons for false positive testing have been cited, including vaccinations, autoimmune diseases, and viral infections. In 2019, Philadelphia experienced a large Hepatitis A outbreak, during which time false positive HIV screening tests were discovered. Our aim was to further describe these patients who had been diagnosed with acute Hepatitis A infection and in whom false positive HIV testing had occurred. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 who had a positive Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM. Demographics, HIV tests, viral hepatitis tests, and liver tests were recorded. False positive HIV was defined as a positive HIV screen (p24 antigen and HIV-1 and 2 antibody combo), followed by a negative differentiation assay for HIV-1 and 2 antibodies, combined with a negative HIV PCR. Results A total of 156 unique patients were found to have acute HAV, with 138 cases identified in 2019. Of these, 3 patients had confirmed false positive HIV testing, and 1 patient had suspected false positive HIV testing (HIV-2 differentiation assay indeterminate, with very low local prevalence of HIV-2), for a false positive test rate of 2.6% (4/156). Ages ranged from 36-47 years, 3 were male, and 2 were persons who injected drugs (PWID). Three patients had prior negative HIV testing. Two patients had fevers during admission, but none of the four were febrile at the time of HIV test collection. Three patients had elevated transaminases, and two had abnormal coagulation testing. Coinfection with Hepatitis C was found in three patients. One patient had follow-up HIV testing performed, which was negative. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of false positive HIV testing related to acute HAV. Prevalence of false positives was low, but awareness can facilitate patient counseling. With low sample size, conclusions cannot be drawn about risk factors related to false positive testing. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Estimates of the Time From Seroconversion to Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among People Newly Diagnosed With Human Immunodeficiency Virus From 2006 to 2015, New York City

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. e308-e315
Author(s):  
McKaylee M Robertson ◽  
Sarah L Braunstein ◽  
Donald R Hoover ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Denis Nash
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background We estimated the time from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during an era of expanding HIV testing and treatment efforts. Methods Applying CD4 depletion parameters from seroconverter cohort data to our population-based sample, we related the square root of the first pretreatment CD4 count to time of seroconversion through a linear mixed model and estimated the time from seroconversion. Results Among 28 162 people diagnosed with HIV during 2006–2015, 89% initiated ART by June 2017. The median CD4 count at diagnosis increased from 326 (interquartile range [IQR], 132–504) cells/µL to 390 (IQR, 216–571) cells/µL from 2006 to 2015. The median time from estimated seroconversion to ART initiation decreased by 42% from 6.4 (IQR, 3.3–11.4) years in 2006 to 3.7 (IQR, 0.5–8.3) years in 2015. The time from estimated seroconversion to diagnosis decreased by 28%, from a median of 4.6 (IQR, 0.5–10.5) years to 3.3 (IQR, 0–8.1) years from 2006 to 2015, and the time from diagnosis to ART initiation reduced by 60%, from a median of 0.5 (IQR, 0.2–2.1) years to 0.2 (IQR, 0.1–0.3) years from 2006 to 2015. Conclusions The estimated time from seroconversion to ART initiation was reduced in tandem with expanded HIV testing and treatment efforts. While the time from diagnosis to ART initiation decreased to 0.2 years, the time from seroconversion to diagnosis was 3.3 years among people diagnosed in 2015, highlighting the need for more effective strategies for earlier HIV diagnosis.

Mandatory HIV testing in critical care/emergency patients

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
DW Unkle
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Seropositive Patient ◽  
Delivery Of Healthcare ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Social Ostracism

Testing for the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the most controversial issues of this decade. Among persons diagnosed to be HIV positive, social ostracism and exaggerated atypical behavior are common. The resulting impact on the delivery of healthcare services to the seropositive patient has raised many ethical and professional dilemmas. Discussion of HIV testing and the subsequent effects of seropositivity on the delivery of healthcare will be emphasized.

scholarly journals Missed Opportunities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing During Injection Drug Use–Related Healthcare Encounters Among a Cohort of Persons Who Inject Drugs With HIV Diagnosed During an Outbreak—Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W Furukawa ◽  
Erin F Blau ◽  
Zach Reau ◽  
David Carlson ◽  
Zachary D Raney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Persons who inject drugs (PWID) have frequent healthcare encounters related to their injection drug use (IDU) but are often not tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to quantify missed opportunities for HIV testing during an HIV outbreak among PWID. Methods PWID with HIV diagnosed in 5 Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky counties during January 2017–September 2018 who had ≥1 encounter 12 months prior to HIV diagnosis in 1 of 2 Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky area healthcare systems were included in the analysis. HIV testing and encounter data were abstracted from electronic health records. A missed opportunity for HIV testing was defined as an encounter for an IDU-related condition where an HIV test was not performed and had not been performed in the prior 12 months. Results Among 109 PWID with HIV diagnosed who had ≥1 healthcare encounter, 75 (68.8%) had ≥1 IDU-related encounters in the 12 months before HIV diagnosis. These 75 PWID had 169 IDU-related encounters of which 86 (50.9%) were missed opportunities for HIV testing and occurred among 46 (42.2%) PWID. Most IDU-related encounters occurred in the emergency department (118/169; 69.8%). Using multivariable generalized estimating equations, HIV testing was more likely in inpatient compared with emergency department encounters (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–4.33) and at the healthcare system receiving funding for emergency department HIV testing (adjusted RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.10–2.82). Conclusions PWID have frequent IDU-related encounters in emergency departments. Enhanced HIV screening of PWID in these settings can facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve outbreak response.

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