Effects of whole grain rye crisp bread for breakfast on appetite and energy intake in a subsequent meal: two randomised controlled trails with different amounts of test foods and breakfast energy content

AbstractIncreasing feelings of satiety may reduce appetite and energy intake. The role of inulin consumption in impacting satiety is unclear. A randomised double-blind controlled crossover trial aimed to determine the effects of inulin+yogurt on satiety after 1 and 8-d consumption. The preload breakfast included 100 g vanilla yogurt with (yogurt-inulin (YI)) and without (yogurt-control (YC)) 6 g inulin. A total of nineteen healthy females (22·8 (sd 2·7) years) with non-restrained eating behaviour and taking hormonal contraceptives participated in the study. Day 1 and 8 visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of Hunger, Fullness, Desire to Eat and Prospective Food Consumption (PFC) were collected at fasting and every 30 min for 180 min. Energy intake was calculated from a weighed ad libitum lunch and remainder of day food records. Total AUC was calculated for each VAS. Day 1 (VAS only) and 8 (VAS and energy intakes) data were compared between YI and YC using ANCOVA, and ANOVA was used to compare energy intakes on Day 1. There were no significant differences between Day 1 YI and YC AUC appetite ratings or energy intakes. However, 8-d consumption of YI v. YC was associated with lower Desire to Eat and PFC ratings but similar lunch and total day energy intakes. Therefore, the addition of 6 g inulin to a commercially available yogurt affected feelings of appetite, but not energy intake, after repeated consumption. These results suggest that inulin may be a suitable ingredient to increase dietary fibre consumption, with potential to impact appetite.

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Increased satiety after intake of a chocolate milk drink compared with a carbonated beverage, but no difference in subsequent ad libitum lunch intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507339846 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 579-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Angela Harper ◽

Anita James ◽

Anne Flint ◽

Arne Astrup

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Energy Content ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Carbonated Beverage ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Prospective Consumption

The rising rate of obesity has been blamed on increased consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, such as carbonated sodas, which fail to satisfy hunger. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect on appetite and energy intake of a sugar-sweetened beverage (cola) and a chocolate milk drink, matched for energy content and volume. It was hypothesised that chocolate milk may be more satiating because of its protein content. Twenty-two healthy young men (age 23 (sd 1·8) years) of normal weight (BMI 22·2 (sd 1·5) kg/m2) were recruited to the randomised cross-over study. Visual analogue scales were used to record subjective appetite ratings every 30 min on each of two test days. A drink of 500 ml cola or chocolate milk (900 kJ) was ingested 30 min before an ad libitum lunch. Satiety and fullness were significantly greater (P = 0·0007, P = 0·0004, respectively) 30 min after chocolate milk than after cola. Ratings of prospective consumption and hunger were significantly greater after cola than after chocolate milk, both immediately after preload intake (P = 0·008, P = 0·01, respectively) and 30 min afterwards (P = 0·004, P = 0·01, respectively). There was no significant difference (P = 0·42) in ad libitum lunch intake after ingestion of chocolate milk (3145 (sd 1268) kJ) compared with cola (3286 (sd 1346) kJ). The results support the hypothesis that sweetened soft drinks are different from milk products in their impact on short-term hunger and satiety, although differences in subjective appetite scores were not translated into differences in energy intake.

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A randomised controlled intervention study investigating the efficacy of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables and extra-virgin olive oil on attenuating sarcopenic symptomology in overweight and obese older adults during energy intake restriction: protocol paper

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-017-0700-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anthony Villani ◽

Hattie Wright ◽

Gary Slater ◽

Jonathan Buckley

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Αcute effects of essential amino acid gel-based and whey protein supplements on appetite and energy intake in older women

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0650 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 1141-1149 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mathew Butterworth ◽

Matthew Lees ◽

Paul Harlow ◽

Karen Hind ◽

Lauren Duckworth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Energy Content ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Age Related ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Acid Gel

Deficiencies in protein and energy intakes are partly responsible for age-related sarcopenia. We investigated the effects of supplements matched in essential amino acid (EAA) content (7.5 g) on energy intake and appetite. Ten women aged 69.2 ± 2.7 years completed 3 trials in a randomised, crossover design. Composite appetite scores, peptide-YY (PYY), and insulin responses to a 200-mL whey protein (WP) isolate (275 kJ), a 50-mL EAA gel (GEL, 478 kJ), or nothing as the control (CON) condition were investigated over 1 h, followed by an ad libitum breakfast. Energy intake at breakfast (CON, 1957 ± 713; WP, 1413 ± 623; GEL, 1963 ± 611 kJ) was higher in CON and GEL than in WP (both P = 0.006). After accounting for supplement energy content, energy intake in GEL was higher than in CON (P = 0.0006) and WP (P = 0.0008). Time-averaged area under the curve for composite appetite scores (CON, 74 ± 20; WP, 50 ± 22; GEL, 60 ± 16 mm) was higher in CON than WP (P = 0.015). Time-averaged area under the curve for PYY (CON, 87 ± 13; WP, 119 ± 27; GEL, 97 ± 22 pg·mL−1) was higher in WP than CON (P = 0.009) and GEL (P = 0.012). In conclusion, supplementation with WP facilitated an increase in protein intake, whereas supplementation with GEL increases in both energy and protein intakes, when consumed before an ad libitum breakfast. Such findings highlight potential gel-based EAA supplementation intake for addressing age-related sarcopenia.

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Protocol for an effectiveness- implementation hybrid trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an m-health intervention to decrease the consumption of discretionary foods packed in school lunchboxes: the ‘SWAP IT’ trial

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7725-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Sutherland ◽

Alison Brown ◽

Nicole Nathan ◽

Lisa Janssen ◽

Renee Reynolds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Population Level ◽

Health Intervention ◽

Trial Registration ◽

School Based ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background At a population level, small reductions in energy intake have the potential to contribute to a reduction in the prevalence of childhood obesity. In many school systems, there is the potential to achieve a reduction in energy intake through modest improvements in foods packed in children’s school lunchboxes. This study will assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multi-component intervention that uses an existing school-based communication application to reduce the kilojoule content from discretionary foods and drinks consumed by children from school lunchboxes whilst at school. Methods A Type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in up to 36 primary schools in the Hunter New England, Central Coast and Mid North Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. Designed using the Behaviour Change Wheel, schools will be randomly allocated to receive either a 5-month (1.5 school terms) multi-component intervention that includes: 1) school lunchbox nutrition guidelines; 2) curriculum lessons; 3) information pushed to parents via an existing school-based communication application and 4) additional parent resources to address common barriers to packing healthy lunchboxes or a control arm (standard school practices). The study will assess both child level dietary outcomes and school-level implementation outcomes. The primary trial outcome, mean energy (kJ) content of discretionary lunchbox foods packed in children’s lunchboxes, will be assessed at baseline and immediately post intervention (5 months or 1.5 school terms). Analyses will be performed using intention to treat principles, assessing differences between groups via hierarchical linear regression models. Discussion This study will be the first fully powered randomised controlled trial internationally to examine the impact of an m-health intervention to reduce the mean energy from discretionary food and drinks packed in the school lunchbox. The intervention has been designed with scalability in mind and will address an important evidence gap which, if shown to be effective, has the potential to be applied at a population level. Trial registration Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN:12618001731280 registered on 17/10/2018. Protocol Version 1.

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A smartphone based attentive eating intervention for energy intake and weight loss: results from a randomised controlled trial

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-6923-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Victoria Whitelock ◽

Inge Kersbergen ◽

Suzanne Higgs ◽

Paul Aveyard ◽

Jason C. G. Halford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100002221 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 233-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

R. G. Campbell ◽

M. R. Taverner ◽

D. M. Curic

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Body Fat ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Energy Content ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feeding Level ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Protein Diets

ABSTRACT1. Eight diets of similar energy content, ranging in crude protein concentration from 95 to 256 g/kg, were given at either 2·5 or 3·2 times the energy level for maintenance to entire male pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg live weight.2. Growth rate improved with increase in feeding level and with increasing dietary crude protein up to 164 g/kg (P < 0·05). The food conversion ratio improved with each increase in dietary CP up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05). It was also improved with increase in level of feeding of the lower-protein diets but deteriorated with increase in level of intake of the higher-protein diets (P < 005).3. Rate of protein deposition improved with increasing dietary crude protein up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 005). The results showed that, for pigs given diets deficient in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was linearly related to protein intake (P < 0·001) but independent of energy intake. For pigs given a diet adequate in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was related to energy intake and independent of crude protein intake.4. Body fat content at 90 kg decreased with increasing dietary crude protein up to 210 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05), and was increased by raising the level of intake of the higher-crude protein diets (P < 0·05). However, the influence of feeding level on body fat diminished as dietary crude protein was reduced.

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