Dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induce lipid peroxidation by the proliferation of intestinal gram-negative bacteria in mice

Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav. is an aromatic shrub native to Ecuador, the leaves of which are used to prepare the traditional beverage Guaviduca. Different health benefits are attributed to the guaviduca beverage, which is consumed as a traditional and folk medicine. In this study, fresh P. carpunya leaves were collected in the winter and summer and subjected to hydrodistillation for the extraction of the essential oil. The guaviduca beverage was prepared by infusion in water and the volatile compounds were isolated by liquid–liquid extraction. Chemical composition and enantioselective analyses were performed by gas chromatography. The antibacterial activity was assayed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The scavenging radical properties of the essential oil was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was measured using the spectrophotometric method. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify more than 98% of the compounds in all samples. The main constituent of the essential oil was 1,8-cineole (25.20 ± 1.31%) in P. carpunya collected in winter and (17.45 ± 2.33%) in P. carpunya collected in summer, while in the beverage, there was 14 mg/L. Safrole was identified in the essential oil (PCW 21.91 ± 2.79%; PCS 13.18 ± 1.72%) as well as in the beverage (2.43 ± 0.12 mg/L). Enantioselective analysis was used to investigate the enantiomeric ratio and excess of four chiral components. The essential oil presented a strong activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae with a MIC of 500 μg/mL and a very strong anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 36.42 ± 1.15 µg/mL.

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Formulation and evaluation of injectable dextran sulfate sodium nanoparticles as a potent antibacterial agent

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89330-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Osama A. Madkhali ◽

Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni ◽

Muhammad H. Sultan ◽

Haitham A. Bukhary ◽

Mohammed Ghazwani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibacterial Studies

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a novel nano antibacterial formulation of dextran sulfate sodium polymer. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) nanoparticles were formulated with gelation technique. The nanoparticles exhibited significant physicochemical and effective antibacterial properties, with zeta potential of − 35.2 mV, particle size of 69.3 z d nm, polydispersity index of 0.6, and percentage polydispersity of 77.8. The DSS nanoparticles were stable up to 102 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed an endothermic peak at 165.77 °C in 12.46 min, while XRD analysis at 2θ depicted various peaks at 21.56°, 33.37°, 38.73°, 47.17°, 52.96°, and 58.42°, indicating discrete nanoparticle formation. Antibacterial studies showed that the DSS nanoparticles were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of DSS nanoparticles for Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) were 150, 200, 250, 150, 200, 250, 250 µg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial effects of DSS nanoparticles were in the order E. coli (26 ± 1.2 mm) at 150 µg/mL > S. pyogenes (24.6 ± 0.8 mm) at 250 µg/mL > B. subtilis (23.5 ± 2 mm) at 150 µg/mL > K. pneumoniae (22 ± 2 mm) at 250 µg/mL > P. aeruginosa (21.8 ± 1 mm) at 200 µg/mL > S. aureus (20.8 ± 1 mm) at 200 µg/mL > P. vulgaris (20.5 ± 0.9 mm) at 250 µg/mL. These results demonstrate the antibacterial potency of DSS injectable nanoparticles.

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Bacterial-Mucosal Cell Junctional Complexes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050731 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 144-145

Author(s):

Roger C. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Wall ◽

Rat Colon ◽

Mucosal Cell ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Mucosal Cells ◽

Mucosal Lining ◽

Degenerative Alterations ◽

Junctional Complexes ◽

Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Bacteria exhibit the ability to adhere to the apical surfaces of intestinal mucosal cells. These attachments either precede invasion of the intestinal wall by the bacteria with accompanying inflammation and degeneration of the mucosa or represent permanent anchoring sites where the bacteria never totally penetrate the mucosal cells.Endemic gram negative bacteria were found attached to the surface of mucosal cells lining the walls of crypts in the rat colon. The bacteria did not intrude deeper than 0.5 urn into the mucosal cells and no degenerative alterations were detectable in the mucosal lining.

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Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123830 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 686-687

Author(s):

Jacob S. Hanker ◽

Paul R. Gross ◽

Beverly L. Giammara

Keyword(s):

Chronic Arthritis ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Infectious Arthritis ◽

Bacterial Arthritis ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

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Ultrastructure of periplasmic bodies in gram-negative bacteria

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160753 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 640-641

Author(s):

Xie Nianming ◽

Ding Shaoqing ◽

Wang Luping ◽

Yuan Zenglin ◽

Zhan Guolai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Periplasmic Space ◽

Clostridium Tetani ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Brucella Canis

Perhaps the data about periplasmic enzymes are obtained through biochemical methods but lack of morphological description. We have proved the existence of periplasmic bodies by electron microscope and described their ultrastructures. We hope this report may draw the attention of biochemists and mrophologists to collaborate on researches in periplasmic enzymes or periplasmic bodies with each other.One or more independent bodies may be seen in the periplasmic space between outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, which we called periplasmic bodies. The periplasmic bodies have been found in seven species of bacteria at least, including the Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Shigella flexneri, Echerichia coli. Yersinia pestis, Campylobacter jejuni, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium tetani. Vibrio cholerae and Brucella canis.

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