Development of salutogenetic factors in mental health - Antonovsky’s sense of coherence and Bandura’s self-efficacy related to Derogatis’ symptom check list (SCL-90-R)

Abstract Background Despite widespread application of the Symptom Check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R) for Chinese undergraduate students, there are no appropriate norms for them. The aim of this study is to provide norms for the Chinese version of the tool for undergraduate students using a large and representative sample. Methods Four thousand eight hundred sixty students completed the scale of SCL-90. The mean scores obtained in the present study were compared with mean scores from previous normative samples. Results The mean scores for nine subscales of the SCL-90-R ranged from (1.36 ± 0.46) ~ (1.77 ± 0.63) and the mean (standard deviation) Global Severity Index (GSI) was 1.50 (0.49). Relative to previous normative studies, the findings suggested that Chinese undergraduate students’ self-reported mental health symptoms decreased in interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation subscales. Conclusion It is necessary to revise the norms of the Chinese version of the SCL-90-R for undergraduate students.

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Personality functioning scale: A scale to assess DSM-5’s Criterion A personality disorders

Interpersona An International Journal on Personal Relationships ◽

10.5964/ijpr.v14i1.3925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 40-53

Author(s):

Juliana Beatriz Stover ◽

Mercedes Fernández Liporace ◽

Alejandro Castro Solano

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Short Form ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Check List ◽

Personality Functioning ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Short Scale ◽

Criterion A ◽

Symptom Check List

The Section III on Emerging Measures and Models included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, introduces a hybrid alternative approach, dimensional-categorical, to diagnose personality disorders. The Criterion A establishes the assessment of the impairment in personality functioning in terms of two dimensions: self and interpersonal. The present study was aimed at developing a short scale to measure both dimensions. The sample was composed of 342 adults from Buenos Aires city and its outskirts, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years old (M = 39.90, SD = 13.75). Data were gathered using the Personality Functioning Scale, developed in this study, as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form, the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and the Symptom Check List-27. A principal components analysis conducted on 28 items found 2 factors, interpersonal and self. Internal consistency, estimated by ordinal Alphas, achieved values between .92 and .86 whilst Cronbach’s Alphas were .88 and .87. Significant and positive correlations between the Personality Functioning Scale scores on the one hand, and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form scores and the Symptom Check List-27 score on the other, were found. Negative correlations between PFS scores and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form were calculated. As a result, a short scale with adequate psychometric features, suitable to assess Criterion A in adult Argentinian population has been developed.

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The meaning of symptom-check-list scores in mental health surveys: A testing of multiple hypotheses

Social Science & Medicine Part A Medical Sociology ◽

10.1016/0271-7123(78)90031-7 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H.B.M. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Check List ◽

Multiple Hypotheses ◽

Symptom Check List

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Factors promoting sense of coherence among university students in urban areas of Japan: individual-level social capital, self-efficacy, and mental health

Global Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/1757975917691925 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mie Mato ◽

Keiko Tsukasaki

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Capital ◽

University Students ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Inhibitory Influence ◽

Individual Level

Objective: Sense of coherence (SOC) is a concept that helps to explain the relation between personal intentionality as psychosocial factors and health-related behaviors. Thus, it is essential to enhance SOC when encouraging a healthy lifestyle. However, the factors that promote SOC have not been fully investigated among university students. The objective of this study was to clarify the general resistance resources (GRRs) that may promote the development of the SOC among university students. Therefore, we examined the relationship between SOC and social capital (SC), self-efficacy, and mental health. Methods: Participants included 443 students from nine academic departments at eight universities in the Kanto or Kinki metropolitan areas of Japan. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire. Individual-level cognitive and structural SC, generalized self-efficacy, mental health inventory (from SF-36v2), and SOC were measured. Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling was conducted to verify the factor structure of the SOC-13 scale. Stepwise multiple regression analysis and two-way layout analysis of variance were performed with SOC as the dependent variable. Results: The factor structure of SOC indicated the optimal model fit in the second-order three-factor model of the 12 items. SOC was predicted by five variables: age, cognitive SC, structural SC, mental health, and self-efficacy. For students from urban areas, SOC was predicted by the interaction between cognitive and structural SC. Conclusion: SOC was significantly related to cognitive SC, structural SC, and self-efficacy as well as mental health in university students from urban areas. Furthermore, the combination of higher-level cognitive SC and higher-level structural SC exerted an inhibitory influence on SOC among students who previously and currently live in urban areas. Therefore, the findings indicated that both cognitive and structural SC as well as self-efficacy may act as GRRs that promote the development of SOC, and similarly, good mental health may promote a strong SOC.

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Correlates of placebo reaction in an outpatient population

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700057019 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 389-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Arthur K. Shapiro ◽

Elmer L. Struening ◽

Harvey Barten ◽

Elaine Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Placebo Response ◽

Response Style ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Mental Health Clinic ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Check List ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Symptom Check List

SynopsisVariable s describing 113 outpatients of a mental health clinic were derived from a Placebo Test, the MMPI, a Symptom Check List, measures of response style, and a questionnaire containing historical and demographic information. Two highly reliable scales, the Placebo Effect Scale (PES) and the Side Effect Scale (SES) were derived from the Placebo Test and served as dependent variables. PES scores were inversely related to reporting symptoms and unrelated to measures of response style. SES scores were directly related to reporting symptoms and with several measures of response style. There was a curvilinear relationship between placebo response and reporting side-effects. Implications of results for further research are presented.

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Predictors of Mental Health Problems in Formal and Informal Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28123/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Sołtys ◽

Ernest Tyburski

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Informal Caregivers ◽

Health Problems ◽

Personal Resources ◽

Formal Caregivers ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Caring for a person with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with significant mental burden e.g., depression and anxiety, and difficulties with social, familial, and professional functioning. To date, few studies have examined variables which would allow for a comprehensive and detailed study of the relationship between personal resources and caregiver health status, with a majority of studies focusing on factors that contribute to increased caregiver's burden. Moreover, the available evidence fails to address differences in the functioning of formal and informal carers. Paying proper attention to the problems of nursing home staff can help identify important risk factors. Therefore, this study compared mental health problems in informal and formal caregivers and examined the relationship between mental resources and mental health problems in both groups of caregivers. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 100 formal (n = 50) and informal (n = 50) caregivers of AD patients. Personal resources were measured with the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SCQ), while mental health was assessed with the Depression Assessment Questionnaire (DAQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Multivariate stepwise regression was performed separately for both investigated groups. Results: There were no significant differences between informal and formal caregivers in terms of psychological variables, i.e., sense of coherence, social support, self-efficacy, or mental health problems. In contrast, there were different significant predictors of mental health problems in both groups. Comprehensibility (SCQ) was a significant predictor of mental health problems measured by DAQ and self-efficacy (GSES) was a significant predictor of mental health problems measured by GHQ in informal caregivers. For formal caregivers, emotional support (SSQ) and comprehensibility (SCQ) were significant predictors of mental health problems measured by DAQ, while tangible support (SSQ) and meaningfulness (SCQ) were significant predictors of mental health problems measured by GHQ. Conclusions: Personal resources are significant predictors of mental health outcomes in caregivers of AD patients. Preventive actions should therefore include assessment of factors affecting caregivers’ mental health in order to provide them with necessary care and create appropriate support groups.

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Establishing Chinese Middle-school Students' Mental-health Norms with the Symptom Check List-90-R

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.6038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 223-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yulan Yu ◽

Xudong Zhao ◽

Chonghua Wan ◽

Chuanzhi Xu ◽

Lei Shang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Middle School ◽

Middle School Students ◽

Check List ◽

School Students ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Large Sample ◽

Chinese Study ◽

Symptom Check List ◽

National Norms

Despite the widespread application of the Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) with Chinese middle-school students, there are currently no widely accepted national norms for mental health specifically for this group. In this study our aim was to establish mental-health norms for Chinese middle-school students using the Chinese version of the SCL-90-R. A large sample (N = 20,862) of Chinese middle-school students completed the SCL-90-R. Their mean scores for the 9 subscales of the SCL-90-R ranged from 1.45 to 1.85. The mean General Symptomatic Index score was 1.61 ± 0.57. There were significant differences between these norms and the norms reported in a Chinese study conducted in 1986. The scores we recorded in this study can be used as new mental-health norms for this age group because the data were acquired directly through a survey using a large sample representative of middle-school students in China.

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The relationship between resilience and loneliness elucidated by a Danish version of the resilience scale for adults

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-020-00493-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ida Skytte Jakobsen ◽

Lykke Mie Riis Madsen ◽

Martin Mau ◽

Odin Hjemdal ◽

Oddgeir Friborg

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Family Cohesion ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Check List ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Danish Version ◽

Symptom Check List ◽

Perception Of Self ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Research on the relationship between resilience and loneliness is sparse. The construct of resilience has been conceptualized in multiple ways, including the measurement of resilience. The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) is a measure of protective factors. The present study examined whether resiliency moderates any negative relationship between loneliness and mental health and additionally examined the psychometric properties of the Danish translation of the RSA. Methods A Danish sample (N = 422) completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 (HSCL-25), the Sense of Coherence (SOC-13), and the RSA, Resilience Scale for Adults. Results The measure of loneliness correlated significantly and negatively with most facets of the RSA, except the subscales of family cohesion and structured style. The strongest correlation was the negative one between loneliness and SOC. The results indicated that people feeling lonely also experience their life as less meaningful. Conclusion The study supports the existing six-factor structure of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) in a Danish sample. The results indicate that all facets of resiliency were negatively related to loneliness. Also, the facets of perception of self and family coherence could explain a substantial amount of the variance associated with symptoms of depression in relation to loneliness.

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