scholarly journals Protein supplementation and dietary behaviours of resistance trained men and women attending commercial gyms: a comparative study between the city centre and the suburbs of Palermo, Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Caterina Mammina ◽  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Bellafiore ◽  
Giuseppe Battaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Protein supplements consumption: a comparative study between the city centre and the suburbs of Palermo, Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Caterina Mammina ◽  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Francesco Ciulla ◽  
Umberto Pupella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Análisis de las edades, trayectos y minutos de uso en la utilización de un sistema de bicicletas compartidas: el caso del VaiBike en Vilagarcía de Arousa (España) (Analysis of ages, routes, and minutes of use in a shared bicycle system: the case of VaiBi

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Shared Bicycle ◽  
Bicycle Sharing System ◽  
The City

La creciente contaminación en las ciudades y el incremento de la obesidad y sobrepeso aconsejan medios de transporte activos. Uno de los sistemas que está en auge en los últimos años es el de bicicletas compartidas de uso público. En la actualidad, en España, apenas existen estudios que aporten información sobre las características de los usuarios y los hábitos de utilización del servicio, por lo que con este estudio se pretende categorizar las edades de los usuarios del sistema de bicicletas compartidas, así como la frecuencia de uso, características de los itinerarios y media de minutos de uso de las bicicletas.                 La edad media de los usuarios, durante la primera etapa del 2009 al 2012, fue de 46 años (hombres 49; mujeres 38.7), siendo las diferencias significativas t=83,06; p <0,001. La mayor frecuencia de uso se inicia y finaliza en el centro de la ciudad (15.947 usos; 18.9%). Los hombres entre 50 y 69 años y las mujeres entre 30 y 49 años son los que más utilizan las bicicletas. Los itinerarios por la costa son los preferidos por las mujeres. La media de minutos de uso de los viajes de las bicicletas públicas fue de 36,1 (hombres 38,1; mujeres 31,4), siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas t84181=26,30; p <0,001. Abstract. The growing pollution in cities and the increase in obesity and overweight suggest the use of active means of transport. One of these means is the bicycle sharing system, which has become extremely popular in recent years. Currently, hardly any study provides information about the users’ characteristics and the usage habits of the mentioned service in Spain. Therefore, this study is intended to categorize the ages of users of this system, as well as their frequency of use, the route characteristics, and average minutes of use of bicycles. Users’ average age was 46 years during the first period, from 2009 to 2012 (men 49; women 38.7), the difference between men and women being significant (t=83.06; p<0.001). The highest frequency of use begins and ends in the city centre (15,947 uses; 18.9%). Men between 50 and 69 years old and women between 30 and 49 years old are those who use bicycles the most. Coastal routes are the most popular in women. The average minutes of use in public bicycle trips were 36,1 (men 38,1; women 31,4), with statistically significant differences between genders (t84181=26,30; p<0,001).

Restricting Traffic into the City Centre: Has Madrid Central Been Effective to Reduce NO 2 Levels?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Salas ◽  
María José Pérez Villadóniga ◽  
Juan Prieto Rodríguez ◽  
Ana Russo
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
The City

What Makes a City Bikeable? A Study of Intercity and Intracity Patterns of Bicycle Ridership using Mobike Big Data Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Ying Long ◽  
Jianting Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rating System ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The City

This paper examines how mass ridership data can help describe cities from the bikers' perspective. We explore the possibility of using the data to reveal general bikeability patterns in 202 major Chinese cities. This process is conducted by constructing a bikeability rating system, the Mobike Riding Index (MRI), to measure bikeability in terms of usage frequency and the built environment. We first investigated mass ridership data and relevant supporting data; we then established the MRI framework and calculated MRI scores accordingly. This study finds that people tend to ride shared bikes at speeds close to 10 km/h for an average distance of 2 km roughly three times a day. The MRI results show that at the street level, the weekday and weekend MRI distributions are analogous, with an average score of 49.8 (range 0–100). At the township level, high-scoring townships are those close to the city centre; at the city level, the MRI is unevenly distributed, with high-MRI cities along the southern coastline or in the middle inland area. These patterns have policy implications for urban planners and policy-makers. This is the first and largest-scale study to incorporate mobile bike-share data into bikeability measurements, thus laying the groundwork for further research.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner de Shalit
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The City

Immigration should be discussed within the context of the city rather than the state because cities are now quite autonomous political entities and because nearly all immigrants settle in cities. Hence the meeting between locals and immigrants take place in the context of urban life rather than as citizens of the state. The book’s three questions are presented: should cities be in charge of deciding whether to allow immigrants to settle in the city? If yes, what local political rights should be granted to immigrants? And is there a model of integration which is superior to other models? The latter involved a comparative study of three such models, in Amsterdam, Berlin, and Jerusalem.

scholarly journals Understanding Spatial Variability of NO2 in Urban Areas Using Spatial Modelling and Data Fusion Approaches

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Said Munir ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Daniel Coca
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The City

Small-scale spatial variability in NO2 concentrations is analysed with the help of pollution maps. Maps of NO2 estimated by the Airviro dispersion model and land use regression (LUR) model are fused with measured NO2 concentrations from low-cost sensors (LCS), reference sensors and diffusion tubes. In this study, geostatistical universal kriging was employed for fusing (integrating) model estimations with measured NO2 concentrations. The results showed that the data fusion approach was capable of estimating realistic NO2 concentration maps that inherited spatial patterns of the pollutant from the model estimations and adjusted the modelled values using the measured concentrations. Maps produced by the fusion of NO2-LCS with NO2-LUR produced better results, with r-value 0.96 and RMSE 9.09. Data fusion adds value to both measured and estimated concentrations: the measured data are improved by predicting spatiotemporal gaps, whereas the modelled data are improved by constraining them with observed data. Hotspots of NO2 were shown in the city centre, eastern parts of the city towards the motorway (M1) and on some major roads. Air quality standards were exceeded at several locations in Sheffield, where annual mean NO2 levels were higher than 40 µg/m3. Road traffic was considered to be the dominant emission source of NO2 in Sheffield.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Changes of Urban Forests and Planning Evolution in a Highly Dynamical Urban Area: The Case Study of Wrocław, Poland

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Jaworek-Jakubska ◽  
Maciej Filipiak ◽  
Adam Michalski ◽  
Anna Napierała-Filipiak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

Knowledge about urban forests in Poland is still limited, as it is primarily based on aggregate, formal data relating to the general area, ignoring the spatial dimension and informal green areas. This article describes and analyses spatio-temporal changes in the actual urban forest resources in Wrocław in 1944–2017, which covers the first period of the city’s rebuilding after its destruction during World War II and its development during the nationalised, centrally-planned socialist economy, as well as the second period of intensive and only partly controlled growth under conditions of market economy. The study is based on current and historical orthophotomaps, which were confronted with cartographic data, as well as planning documents. We found that between 1944 and 2017, the percentage contribution of informal woodlands increased tenfold (from 0.5 to 4.9% of the present total area of the city). The area occupied by such forests has grown particularly during the most recent years of the city’s intensive development. However, the forests have been increasingly fragmented. During the first period, new forest areas were also created in the immediate vicinity of the city centre, while during the second one, only in its peripheral sections. The post-war plans regarding the urban green spaces (UGS), including the current plan, are very conservative in nature. On the one hand, this means no interference with the oldest, biggest, and most valuable forest complexes, but on the other hand, insufficient consideration of the intensive built-up area expansion on former agriculture areas. Only to a limited extent did the above-mentioned plans take into account the informal woodlands, which provide an opportunity for strengthening the functional connectivity of landscape.

Historic city, tourism performance and development: The balance of social behaviours in the city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Mª Castro Fernández ◽  
Rubén Camilo Lois González ◽  
Lucrezia Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
City Development ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Santiago de Compostela is an iconic place. From the 9th century through to the present day the city has acted as the final destination of a major pilgrimage route named after it. In the article we ask ourselves how the contemporary reinvention of the pilgrimage and pilgrimages on the Way of St. James has boosted tourism development in the city. Development has been concentrated in the historic city centre and in the area around the cathedral. The importance of tourism has transformed the significance of the city itself, which acquires a magical component as a place of arrival and encounter for all kinds of visitors. The historic city has been set up in the 20th century as a destination for the Way and for cultural tourism. The buildings, particularly those connected with the pilgrimage route, become highly attractive and symbolic places and tourists carry out a number of rituals in them. They travel and enjoy Santiago as a unique experience. The study of tourism and of the tourist transformation of Santiago de Compostela is undertaken using a qualitative and quantitative method. The article analyses the heritage and symbolic value of the historic centre, together with the growth of its tourism activities. Numerical data are also provided on the perceptions and behaviour of visitors using surveys carried out by the city's Tourism Observatory.

Marketplaces and central spaces: markets and the rise of competing spatial ideals in Danish city centres, c. 1850–1900

Urban History ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENS TOFTGAARD
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Open Air Markets ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

ABSTRACTThe traditional open-air markets on the central squares of Danish cities were thriving in the middle of the nineteenth century. However, the markets were soon challenged by new urban ideals of the city centre as a place for shopping and capital investment. At the same time, urban reformers made efforts to improve the market trade to meet modern standards. The rivalling interests struggled over the question of modernization or relocation of the central square markets and ultimately the definition and use of the central urban space. In particular, this article will examine the struggle over the construction of a fish market hall in Odense as it serves to reveal the different conceptions of the central urban space that affected the fate of the street markets.

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