Integrated care for HIV and non-communicable diseases in Africa: a pilot study to inform a large-scale trial (MOCCA and MOCCA Extension Study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Garrib ◽  
Shabbar Jaffar
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Extension Study ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals New, Emerging, Re-Emerging Tropical Infectious and Non-Communicable Diseases Persistent to the Climate, Landscape, and Environmental Changes on the Grounds of the Urbanizations, Industrializations, and Globalisation

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Masimalai Palaniyandi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Environmental Transitions ◽  
Vector Borne

Historical records evidenced of urban landscape changes, and environmental transitions brought by the improper growths and urban development’s of the urbanisation and industrialization in the developing countries, especially in India, significantly chaotic urban sprawl and industrial growths, and the development of its allied activities for the recent decades, invites new, emerging, re-emerging, and triggers the tropical infectious diseases including vector borne diseases (VBD) as well non-communicable diseases. Urban sprawl has a multiplier effect of growth of unplanned a crowded housing, and industrialization has an impact on the urban landscape with commercial and market development, and roads over large expanses of urban land while little concern for appropriate urban planning. The union government of India is launching to promote 100 mega smart city projects / metropolitan / urban agglomeration across the nation for betterment of the standard of living infrastructure facilities by 2030. The large scale urban landscape architectural changes, land use / land cover changes, environmental transitions, and micro climatic changes in the heart of the urban landscape, and its fringe areas on the consequence of built-up structures, construction of roads transport networks, drainages, commercial buildings, human dwellings, educational buildings, legal and medical health services, income tax professionals, small scale to large scale industries, etc., The census of India, reports highlighted that people mass movements / migration from rural to the urban, and small towns to mega cities are notably accelerating trends for the recent decades mainly for the purposes of occupation, education, trade and commerce, and professional services, generally reasons for male migration, and marriage is the absolute reason for female adults migration. The spatial and temporal aspects of malaria and dengue has been declining trends in rural settings, however, it has been accelerating trends in the urban settings due to the urban buoyant migrants. Urbanization and industrialization effect on urban landscape environment leads to breakdown of sanitations, water-borne diseases associated with inadequate  and unsafe drinking water supply, tendency to use metal, plastic, and mud pots water storage containers, discarded domestic waste misshapen to vector breeding habitats containers, urban heat island, garbage waste disposal, liquid waste from dwellings, and industries, air pollution (dust, pollen and spores suspended as particles, Sulphur Dioxide-SO2, nitrogen oxides-NO, Carbonate-CO3, depletion of Oxygen O2, Ozone-O3, Methane  Gas- CH₄, Lead- Pb,  Mercury- Hg etc.,), exonerated by the industries and urban transport emissions, modern transport / shipping goods and services, and collectively hazard to human health through erratic infectious diseases and vector borne diseases immediately.

scholarly journals Scaling-up an integrated care for patients with non-communicable diseases: An analysis of healthcare barriers and facilitators in Slovenia and Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Črt Zavrnik ◽  
Katrien Danhieux ◽  
Miriam Hurtado Monarres ◽  
Nataša Stojnić ◽  
Majda Mori Lukančič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Patient Centered Care ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Coordination Of Care ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Task Delegation ◽  
Centered Care

Abstract Introduction Although the concept of integrated care for non-communicable diseases was introduced at the primary level to move from disease-centered to patient-centered care, it has only been partially implemented in European countries. The aim of this study was to identify and compare identified facilitators and barriers to scale-up this concept between Slovenia and Belgium. Methods This was a qualitative study. Fifteen focus groups and fifty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders at the micro, meso and macro levels. In addition, data from two previously published studies were used for the analysis. Data collection and analysis was initially conducted at country level. Finally, the data was evaluated by a cross-country team to assess similarities and differences between countries. Results Four topics were identified in the study: patient-centered care, teamwork, coordination of care and task delegation. Despite the different contexts, true teamwork and patient-centered care are limited in both countries by hierarchies and a very heavily skewed medical approach. The organization of primary healthcare in Slovenia probably facilitates the coordination of care, which is not the case in Belgium. The financing and organization of primary practices in Belgium was identified as a barrier to the implementation of task delegation between health professionals. Conclusions This study allowed formulating some important concepts for future healthcare for non-communicable diseases at the level of primary healthcare. The results could provide useful insights for other countries with similar health systems.

scholarly journals Integrated care of chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases and rehabilitation: the odd couple?

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Balbi ◽  
Claudio Marcassa ◽  
Fabrizio Pisani ◽  
Giacomo Corica ◽  
Antonio Spanevello
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Health Organization

Chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases affecting different organs and systems are considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the emergent epidemic in the third millennium...

scholarly journals A 12-week primary prevention programme and its effect on health outcomes (the Sweet Hearts biokinetics pilot study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
R Evans ◽  
D Hume ◽  
M Noorbhai ◽  
HG Rauch ◽  
N Van der Schyff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physiological Tests

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and physical inactivity are concerning within the South African population. To address these concerns, the ‘Strategic Plan for Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013-2017’ was developed. In response to this plan, a 12-week pilot biokinetics community health programme, Sweet Hearts, was initiated. Methods: This study is a prospective pilot study evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. Twenty- five individuals participated in the intervention. Ten participants performed a battery of physiological tests pre and post intervention and 5 participants completed an email-based survey post intervention. The setting of the study was Tramway Football Club, Southfield, Cape Town, South Africa. The Sweet Hearts intervention was designed to promote physical activity and healthy nutritional habits in those who participated. A total of 27 exercise sessions consisting of cardiovascular, resistance and flexibility training were conducted. Brief-behavioural counselling was integrated into exercise sessions. Results: The intervention group had a high attrition rate with >50% of participants not presenting for post-intervention testing. Results were evident despite a limited sample size. There were significant improvements in health outcome measures among participants who did attend all testing sessions. These improvements included: an increase in Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) score (p = 0.03), 12- minute walk distance (p = 0.01), sit-to-stand test repetitions (p = 0.001), and a decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.01). Improvements were also noted in self-reported eating restraint (p = 0.03). Five main themes were structured into post intervention surveys: 1) enjoyment of the intervention, 2) benefits of the intervention, 3) obstacles affecting adherence, 4) future improvements to the intervention, and 5) state of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Conclusion: The results of the Sweet Hearts intervention demonstrate the difficulty and importance of maintaining adherence to a community health intervention. The favourable results of the small sample size demonstrate the potential benefit of biokinetics-based programmes in the public health sector; and provide proof of concept for the dedication of resources towards health promotion within a community setting. 

scholarly journals Diversity of Oral Microbiome of Women From Urban and Rural Areas of Indonesia: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armelia Sari Widyarman ◽  
Citra Fragrantia Theodorea ◽  
Nadeeka S. Udawatte ◽  
Aradhea Monica Drestia ◽  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: The studies on the influence of geographical and socio-economic factors on the oral microbiome remain underrepresented. The Indonesia basic health research (RISKESDAS) 2018, showed an increasing trend in non-communicable diseases compared with the previous report in 2013. The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and obesity are reported to be higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Interestingly, non-communicable diseases were found to be more prevalent in women than men. This pilot study aimed to examine the oral health and oral microbiome derived from tongue samples of healthy Indonesian women from urban and rural areas.Methods: Twenty women aged 21–47 years old from West Jakarta, residents of DKI Jakarta (n = 10) as representative of the urban area, and residents of Ende, Nangapanda, East Nusa Tenggara (n = 10) as representative of the rural area were recruited for this pilot study. The participants were evaluated by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) according to the criteria of Greene and Vermillion and divided into three groups. High-throughput DNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina iSeq 100 platform.Results: The principal component analysis displayed a marked difference in the bacterial community profiles between the urban and rural localities. The presence of manifest was associated with increased diversity and an altered oral bacterial community profile in the urban women. Two bacterial taxa were present at significantly higher levels (adjusted p < 0.01) in the urban oral microflora (Genus Prevotella and Leptotricia) could account for this difference irrespective of the individual oral hygiene status. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed several distinct urban biomarkers. At the species level, Leptotrichia wadei, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella jejuni, and P. histicola, show an excellent discriminatory potential for distinguishing the oral microflora in women between urban and rural areas. Further, using SparCC co-occurrence network analysis, the co-occurrence pattern in the dominant core oral microbiome assembly was observed to be specific to its ecological niche between two populations.Conclusions: This is the first pilot study demonstrating the characterization of the oral microbiome in Indonesian women in urban and rural areas. We found that the oral microbiome in women displays distinct patterns consistent with geographic locality. The specific characterization of the microbiota of Indonesian women is likely linked to geographical specific dietary habits, cultural habits, and socio-economic status or the population studied.

scholarly journals Integrated care for the management of ageing-related non-communicable diseases: current gaps and future directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Monaco ◽  
Katie Palmer ◽  
Alessandra Marengoni ◽  
Stefania Maggi ◽  
Tarek A. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals A 12-week primary prevention programme and its effect on health outcomes (the Sweet Hearts biokinetics pilot study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
R Evans ◽  
D Hume ◽  
M Noorbhai ◽  
HG Rauch ◽  
N Van der Schyff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physiological Tests

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and physical inactivity are concerning within the South African population. To address these concerns, the ‘Strategic Plan for Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013-2017’ was developed. In response to this plan, a 12-week pilot biokinetics community health programme, Sweet Hearts, was initiated. Methods: This study is a prospective pilot study evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. Twenty- five individuals participated in the intervention. Ten participants performed a battery of physiological tests pre and post intervention and 5 participants completed an email-based survey post intervention. The setting of the study was Tramway Football Club, Southfield, Cape Town, South Africa. The Sweet Hearts intervention was designed to promote physical activity and healthy nutritional habits in those who participated. A total of 27 exercise sessions consisting of cardiovascular, resistance and flexibility training were conducted. Brief-behavioural counselling was integrated into exercise sessions. Results: The intervention group had a high attrition rate with >50% of participants not presenting for post-intervention testing. Results were evident despite a limited sample size. There were significant improvements in health outcome measures among participants who did attend all testing sessions. These improvements included: an increase in Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) score (p = 0.03), 12- minute walk distance (p = 0.01), sit-to-stand test repetitions (p = 0.001), and a decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.01). Improvements were also noted in self-reported eating restraint (p = 0.03). Five main themes were structured into post intervention surveys: 1) enjoyment of the intervention, 2) benefits of the intervention, 3) obstacles affecting adherence, 4) future improvements to the intervention, and 5) state of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Conclusion: The results of the Sweet Hearts intervention demonstrate the difficulty and importance of maintaining adherence to a community health intervention. The favourable results of the small sample size demonstrate the potential benefit of biokinetics-based programmes in the public health sector; and provide proof of concept for the dedication of resources towards health promotion within a community setting. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document