scholarly journals The opportunity of shared autonomous vehicles to improve spatial equity in accessibility and socio-economic developments in European urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Eppenberger ◽  
Maximilian Alexander Richter
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
District Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Economic Well Being

Abstract Background This paper provides insight into the opportunity offered by shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) to improve urban populations’ spatial equity in accessibility. It provides a concrete implementation model for SAVs set to improve equity in accessibility and highlights the need of regulation in order for SAVs to help overcome identified spatial mismatches. Methodology Through the formulation of linear regression models, the relationship between land-use and transportation accessibility (by car and public transport) and socio-economic well-being indicators is tested on district-level in four European cities: Paris, Berlin, London and Vienna. Accessibility data is used to analyse access to points of interest within given timespans by both car and public transport. To measure equity in socio-economic well-being, three district-level proxies are introduced: yearly income, unemployment rate and educational attainment. Results In the cities of Paris, London and Vienna, as well as partially in Berlin, positive effects of educational attainment on accessibility are evidenced. Further, positive effects on accessibility by yearly income are found in Paris and London. Additionally, negative effects of an increased unemployment rate on accessibility are observed in Paris and Vienna. Through the comparison between accessibility by car and public transportation in the districts of the four cities, the potential for SAVs is evidenced. Lastly, on the basis of the findings a ‘SAV identification matrix’ is created, visualizing the underserved districts in each of the four cities and the need of equity enhancing policy for the introduction of SAVs is emphasized.

scholarly journals Research on the Mode Choice Intention of the Elderly for Autonomous Vehicles Based on the Extended Ecological Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10661
Author(s):  
Huiqian Sun ◽  
Peng Jing ◽  
Mengxuan Zhao ◽  
Yuexia Chen ◽  
Fengping Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Internal Mechanism

Due to the elderly’s limited physical ability, their mode choice behavior with particular demand for the traffic system is significantly distinguished compared to young people. The emergence of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs) will allow the elderly to travel independently and offer more mode choices. However, emerging vehicles will continue to coexist with other traditional modes such as public transport. This paper aims to explore the internal mechanism of the elderly’s choice behavior among public transport, AVs, and SAVs. We integrated the relevant factors by expanding the ecological model and used the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model to analyze the constructs’ relationship. The results show that the elderly believe that public transport, AVs, and SAVs are useful and convenient travel modes for themselves, affecting intention significantly. In addition, the elderly’s well-being and social influence during travel are also significant constructs for their behavioral intention. The research could provide academic supports for the traffic management departments when making relevant policies and measures for the elderly.

scholarly journals Implementation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in Cities Could Have Neutral Effects on the Total Travel Time Costs: Modeling and Analysis for a Circular City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Medina-Tapia ◽  
Francesc Robusté
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
City Planning ◽  
City Size ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
The Future

Autonomous vehicles promise to revolutionize the automobile market, although their implementation could take several decades in which both types of cars will coexist on the streets. We formulate a model for a circular city based on continuous approximations, considering demand surfaces over the city. Numerical results from our model predict direct and indirect effects of connected and autonomous vehicles. Direct effects will be positive for our cities: (a) less street supply is needed to accommodate the traffic; (b) congestion levels decrease: travel costs may decrease by 30%. Some indirect effects will counterbalance these positive effects: (c) a decrease of 20% in the value of travel time can reduce the total cost by a third; (d) induced demand could be as high as 50%, bringing equivalent total costs in the future scenario; (e) the vehicle-kilometers traveled could also affect the future scenario; and (f) increases in city size and urban sprawl. As a conclusion, the implementation of autonomous vehicles could be neutral for the cities regarding travel time costs. City planning agencies still have to promote complementary modes such as active mobility (walking and bicycle), transit (public transportation), and shared mobility (shared autonomous vehicles and mobility as a service).

scholarly journals Predicting the Use of Public Transportation: A Case Study from Putrajaya, Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Nazri Borhan ◽  
Deprizon Syamsunur ◽  
Norliza Mohd Akhir ◽  
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid ◽  
Amiruddin Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Willingness To Use

Putrajaya is a new federal administrative capital of Malaysia which has been set to achieve a 70% share of all travels by public transport in the city area. However, the current modal split between the public transport and private transport is 15 : 85. In order to understand travelers’ willingness to use the public transport, a conceptual model has been developed to determine the factors that affect them to use the public transport instead of travelling in their own cars. Various variables such as service quality, environmental impact, attitude, and behavior intention were analyzed and tested using structural equation model (SEM). Results indicate that the service quality and attitude are found to have positive effects on the behavioral intention of taking the public transport. Other than this, this study also shows that the service quality and environmental impact have some positive influences on the attitude to using the public transport. However, environmental impact has no significant, positive, and direct effect on behavioral intention. The results of this study demonstrate that the model that was developed is useful in predicting the public transport and it could provide a more complete understanding of behavioral intention towards public transport use.

scholarly journals Analyzing Public Transportation Plans to Addressing Traffic Congestions in Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
The City ◽  
Privately Owned

Traffic congestions is one of the main problems for many cities especially in newly urbanizing countries worldwide. The issue of traffic congestions has major impact not only on the planning of the city, but also on many aspects such as residence overall well-being. Governments often try to address this issue through a number of initiatives, most important of which is promoting public transport in order to reduce the dependency on private cars in the city. This research analyzed state-led public transportation initiatives impact on addressing traffic congestion in developing countries through a case study of the Greater Cairo Region in Egypt. The research specifically focused on two state-led public transportation programs, namely the Great Cairo Transport Authority (CTA) program to improve the existing public transport services in GCR and the GCR underground metro program during the 1990s to early 2010s. The research found that although these programs were successful in limiting the increase of privately owned cars and taxies in GCR, they did not decrease traffic congestions due to a number of issues including malpractice, political and administrative corruption, and rapid population growth and increased population densities that almost doubled in the period from early 1990s to early 2010s.

scholarly journals Parents, Partners, Plans and Promises: The Relational Work of Student Loan Borrowing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Stivers ◽  
Elizabeth Popp Berman
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Relational Work ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
Debt Levels

When does student loan borrowing prompt relational work between borrowers and their family members? Research on student loans has focused on quantitative estimation of the effects of borrowing on educational attainment, economic well-being, health, and life course milestones. Drawing on sixty interviews with respondents working as lawyers in the northeastern U.S., we argue that student loans also have underappreciated relational effects, even for relatively privileged borrowers. Relational work around student loans is particularly visible during three important moments: the decision to borrow, the decision to partner, and when planning children’s futures. While scholars have examined the effects of borrowing on marriage and childbearing decisions, they have implicitly assumed that it is difficulty repaying that causes such effects. Attention to relational work, however, shows how debt can create additional burdens even when borrowers have the ability to repay, and may help explain why similar debt levels affect different groups differently.

Research Insights: How Do Longer School Days Affect Students' Economic Well-Being in Adulthood?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Domínguez ◽  
Krista Ruffini
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Past Generation ◽  
School Day ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Economic Well Being

Many Latin American countries and cities have substantially lengthened the school day over the past generation. Chile, for example, increased the school day by 30 percent between 1997 and 2010. While evidence on lengthening these additional instructional resources points to positive effects in the short term, we know little about whether these reforms affect students long-term economic outcomes once they enter the labor market. This project finds longer elementary and secondary school days substantially improve economic well-being by increasing educational attainment, delaying childbearing, and increasing earnings in young adulthood.

scholarly journals Associations between Neighborhood Characteristics, Well-Being and Health Vary over the Life Course

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Eibich ◽  
Christian Krekel ◽  
Ilja Demuth ◽  
Gert G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Background: Neighborhood characteristics are important determinants of individual health and well-being. For example, characteristics such as noise and pollution affect health directly, while other characteristics affect health and well-being by either providing resources (e.g. social capital in the neighborhood), which individuals can use to cope with health problems, or limiting the use thereof (e.g. crime). This also suggests that there might be age differentials in the impact of these characteristics, since individuals at different stages of life might need different resources. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on age differentials in associations between well-being, health, and neighborhood characteristics. Objective: This paper studies associations between a wide range of neighborhood characteristics with the health and well-being of residents of the greater Berlin area. In particular, we focus on differences in the effects between younger (aged 20-35) and older (aged 60+) residents. Methods: We used data from the Berlin Aging Study II (312 younger and 993 older residents of the Berlin metropolitan area in Germany). We used survey data on health and well-being, combined these with subjective perceptions of the neighborhood, and geo-referenced indicators on the neighborhood, e.g. amenities (public transport, physicians, and hospitals). Results: The results show that access to public transportation is associated with better outcomes on all measures of health and well-being, and social support is associated with higher life satisfaction and better mental health. There are considerable differences between both age groups: while the associations between access to public transport and health and well-being are similar for both age groups, neighborhood social capital shows stronger associations for older residents. However, the difference is not always statistically significant. Conclusion: Having access to services is associated with better health and well-being regardless of age. Local policy makers should focus on lowering barriers to mobility in order to improve the health and well-being of the population. Since the social capital of a neighborhood is associated with better health and well-being among older residents, investments that increase social capital (e.g. community centers) might be warranted in neighborhoods with higher shares of older residents.

scholarly journals Analyzing Public Transportation Plans to Addressing Traffic Congestions in Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
The City ◽  
Privately Owned

Traffic congestions is one of the main problems for many cities especially in newly urbanizing countries worldwide. The issue of traffic congestions has major impact not only on the planning of the city, but also on many aspects such as residence overall well-being. Governments often try to address this issue through a number of initiatives, most important of which is promoting public transport in order to reduce the dependency on private cars in the city. This research analyzed state-led public transportation initiatives impact on addressing traffic congestion in developing countries through a case study of the Greater Cairo Region in Egypt. The research specifically focused on two state-led public transportation programs, namely the Great Cairo Transport Authority (CTA) program to improve the existing public transport services in GCR and the GCR underground metro program during the 1990s to early 2010s. The research found that although these programs were successful in limiting the increase of privately owned cars and taxies in GCR, they did not decrease traffic congestions due to a number of issues including malpractice, political and administrative corruption, and rapid population growth and increased population densities that almost doubled in the period from early 1990s to early 2010s.

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