scholarly journals Potential use of Helianthus tuberosus to suppress the invasive alien plant Ageratina adenophora under different shade levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shicai Shen ◽  
Gaofeng Xu ◽  
Diyu Li ◽  
Shaosong Yang ◽  
Guimei Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Ageratina Adenophora

Abstract Background An ecological approach for managing biological invasions in agroecosystems is the selection of alternative crop species to manage the infestation of invasive alien plants through competition. In the current study, plant growth, photosynthesis, and competitive ability of the crop Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) and the invasive alien plant Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R. M. King and H. Rob were compared under varying shade levels by utilizing a de Wit replacement series method. We hypothesized that H. tuberosus had higher competitive ability than A. adenophora even under shaded conditions. Results The results showed the main stem, leafstalk length, leaf area, underground biomass, and aboveground biomass of A. adenophora were significantly lower compared to H. tuberosus in monoculture although A. adenophora had a greater number of branches that were longer on average. Under full sunlight, the total shoot length (stem + branch length), main stem length and branch length of A. adenophora were significantly suppressed (P < 0.05) by increasing proportions of H. tuberosus, and the same morphological variables of H. tuberosus were significantly higher with decreasing proportions of H. tuberosus. With increasing shade rates and plant ratios, the plant height, branch, leaf, and biomass of both plants were significantly suppressed, but to a greater degree in the case of A. adenophora. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of H. tuberosus and A. adenophora increased gradually from July to September, then decreased in October. The Pn of H. tuberosus was consistently higher than that of A. adenophora. Although the Pn for both species was significantly reduced with increasing shade rates and plant ratios, A. adenophora experienced greater inhibition than H. tuberosus. The relative yield (RY) of A. adenophora was significantly less than 1.0 (P < 0.05) in mixed culture under all shade levels, indicating that the intraspecific competition was less than interspecific competition. The RY of H. tuberosus was significantly less than 1.0 under 40–60% shade and greater than 1.0 (P < 0.05) under 0–20% shade in mixed culture, respectively, showing that intraspecific competition was higher than interspecific competition under low shade, but the converse was true under high shade. The relative yield total (RYT) of A. adenophora and H. tuberosus was less than 1.0 in mixed culture, indicating that there was competition between the two plants. The fact that the competitive balance (CB) index of H. tuberosus was greater than zero demonstrated a higher competitive ability than A. adenophora even at the highest shade level (60%). Conclusions Our results suggest that H. tuberosus is a promising replacement control candidate for managing infestations of A. adenophora, and could be widely used in various habitats where A. adenophora invades.

Influence of Phosphorus Fertility on Intra- and Interspecific Interference between Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Shrefler ◽  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
Barry J. Brecke
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Yield Analysis ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus ◽  
Affected Relative

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of phosphorus (P) fertility on intra- and interspecific competition between lettuce and spiny amaranth for 4 wk after emergence. Total lettuce shoot biomass per pot and weight per plant increased 39 and 44% in response to increased P fertility, respectively. P fertility had no impact on growth of spiny amaranth. Total shoot biomass of spiny amaranth increased with increasing density from four to eight plants, however, lettuce did not. Total shoot biomass of both species increased as density increased from 4 to 16 plants. Spiny amaranth, but not lettuce, weight per plant decreased in response to intraspecific competition. Reciprocal yield analysis showed that spiny amaranth produced 2.4 times more biomass than lettuce when competing intraspecifically and four times more biomass under interspecific competition. Lettuce weight per plant was not affected. Relative yield analysis indicated that spiny amaranth was more competitive than lettuce regardless of P fertility. However, increased P fertility increased competitiveness of lettuce. Relative crowding coefficients indicated that spiny amaranth at the low density with low P fertility was 33 times more competitive than lettuce. Addition of P caused lettuce and spiny amaranth to be equally competitive at the lowest density; however, at the highest density, spiny amaranth was 4 tunes more competitive than lettuce regardless of additional P.

Assessment of invasion of Ageratina adenophora in the plantation forest of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
R. Malla ◽  
R. R. Aryal ◽  
S. Ranabhat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Ageratina Adenophora

Large-scale plantations of pine species were done in the bare hills of the Middle Mountain region of Nepal during the early 1980s. There is a growing concern on the sustainability of the planted pine forests in the country due to the presence of invasive alien plant species (IAPS). Invasive alien plant species are considered as one of the drivers of forest degradation and deforestation. Ageratina adenophora is one of the problematic IAPS found in the planted pine forests throughout the country. In this study, we employed different treatments to control the invasion of A. adenophora in the planted pine (Pinus patula) forest. The research design included four different treatments, viz., (i) control, (ii) stem felling, (iii) floor clearance, and (iv) stem felling cum floor clearance in one block (Block I), which was replicated in another block (Block II). The data were collected using circular sample plots with 2m radius. The ANOVA and TukeyHSD Tests were applied during the analysis process so as to determine the effects of treatments on invasion of   A. adenophora. The "floor clearance treatment" was found to be significantly effective to reduce the presence of A. adenophora in the planted pine forest. On the contrary, the "opening of forest cover treatment" was found to be conducive to this invasive species to invade the area. The "stem felling cum floor clearance treatment" could be an effective strategy to control invasion of A. adenophora in planted forest, but as it demands a high cost, it is likely to be appropriate for small forest areas where promotion of regeneration is of high priority.

scholarly journals RELATIVE COMPETITIVENESS BETWEEN MAIZE HYBRIDS AND WILD POINSETTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-309
Author(s):  
LEANDRO GALON ◽  
RICARDO LUIS GABIATTI ◽  
FELIPE JOSÉ MENIN BASSO ◽  
ANDRÉ LUIZ RADÜNZ ◽  
FRANCISCO WILSON REICHERT JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

ABSTRACT Maize is one of the main cereals cultivated worldwide and wild poinsettia is among the weeds that cause damage in grain production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative competitive ability of maize hybrids in the presence of a wild poinsettia biotype through experiments in replacement series. In preliminary experiments, it was determined the plant population in which the dry mass becomes constant. For the maize hybrids ‘Agroeste’, ‘Morgan’, ‘Nidera’, and ‘Velox’, as well as the wild poinsettia, the population was 20 individuals vase-1. Subsequently, experiments were carried out in replacement series in different combinations of species that varied the relative proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100%). The analysis of the species' competitiveness was carried out using diagrams applied to the replacement experiments and by the relative competitiveness indexes. The height (PH), chlorophyll index (CI), leaf area (LA), and the shoot dry mass (DM) of the plants were evaluated 50 days after emergence. There was competition between the maize hybrids and the wild poinsettia; both were negatively affected, regardless of the proportion of plants, causing reductions in the species' PH, CI, LA, and DM. The competition between maize and wild poinsettia occurs for the same resources in the environment, and interspecific competition caused greater damage to maize and wild poinsettia than intraspecific competition. In general, it was observed that only the hybrids ‘Nidera’ and ‘Velox’ were more competitive than the wild poinsettia.

The emerging invasive alien plants of the Drakensberg Alpine Centre, southern Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carbutt
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

An ‘early detection’-based desktop study has identified 23 taxa as ‘current’ emerging invasive alien plants in the Drakensberg Alpine Centre (DAC) and suggests a further 27 taxa as probable emerging invaders in the future. These 50 species are predicted to become problematic invasive plants in the DAC because they possess the necessary invasive attributes and have access to potentially suitable habitat that could result in them becoming major invaders. Most of the ‘current’ emerging invasive alien plant species of the DAC are of a northern-temperate affinity and belong to the families Fabaceae and Rosaceae (four taxa each), followed by Boraginaceae and Onagraceae (two taxa each). In terms of functional type (growth form), most taxa are shrubs (9), followed by herbs (8), tall trees (5), and a single climber. The need to undertake a fieldwork component is highlighted and a list of potential study sites to sample disturbed habitats is provided. A global change driver such as increased temperature is predicted to not only result in extirpation of native alpine species, but to also possibly render the environment more susceptible to alien plant invasions due to enhanced competitive ability and pre-adapted traits. A list of emerging invasive alien plants is essential to bring about swift management interventions to reduce the threat of such biological invasions.

Competitive Ability of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio M. Dunan ◽  
Robert L. Zimdahl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Wild Oats

Replacement series and growth analysis experiments under greenhouse and field conditions quantified and explained the competitive ability of wild oats and barley. Barley was a stronger competitor than wild oats under greenhouse and field conditions. The reciprocal yield approach showed that barley's intraspecific competition was 7.3 times greater than its interspecific competition with wild oats when calculated on a dry weight per plant basis. When leaf area per plant was the yield variable, barley's intraspecific competition was only 2.4 times greater than its interspecific competition. The difference was explained by wild oats' higher leaf area ratio. Barley had a greater leaf area, root and shoot biomass, absolute growth rate, and shoot-root ratio than wild oats, but wild oats' leaf area ratio was always higher. No differences were detected in relative growth rate and net assimilation rate.

Competition between Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamini D. Siriwardana ◽  
Robert L. Zimdahl
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Growth and competition of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. ♯ AMARE) were studied at different seed proportions, seed burial depths, and soil moisture levels. After 7 days, emergence from 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-cm depths was 96, 90, 83, and 27% for barnyardgrass and 84, 73, 62, and 0% for redroot pigweed, respectively. Barnyardgrass was more competitive than redroot pigweed. Intraspecific competition of barnyardgrass was greater than interspecific competition from redroot pigweed. Increasing planting depth from 1 to 4 cm and increasing soil moisture from 30 to 50% (low) to 100% (high) of field capacity reduced the competitive ability of redroot pigweed.

scholarly journals Competitive Ability of Canola Hybrids Resistant and Susceptible to Herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. DURIGON ◽  
F. MARIANI ◽  
J. CECHIN ◽  
A.S. CAMERA ◽  
L. VARGAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: This work aimed to compare the competitive ability of canola hybrids susceptible (conventional) or resistant to triazine or imidazolinone group herbicides, with turnip. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The hybrids Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinone), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazine), and Hyola 61 (conventional) were used. The treatments consisted of ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) of canola and turnip plants. The evaluation was performed 44 days after emergence, determining the leaf área (AF), dry matter of aerial part (MSPA), and stature (EST) of the plants. The competitiveness analysis was performed through diagrams and interpretation of the competitiveness indexes. For the canola hybrids, the competition occurred by the same mean resources. There was damage to the crop growth in competition with the turnip. The turnip was not benefited only when in competition with Hyola 571CL hybrid, for the EST variable, and with the conventional canola, for the variable AF. There was significance for the competitiveness indexes, demonstrating that turnip is more competitive then the crop. Greater AF, MSPA, and EST occurred for canola plants in the smallest proportions of turnip and, for turnip plants, in the largest proportions of canola. The ability to compete with turnip is similar among hybrids, with injury to the crop and benefit to the weed, when competing. Interspecific competition is more damaging to canola hybrids; and intraspecific competition is more damaging to turnip.

scholarly journals Seeding year alfalfa population development as influenced by weed competition and density of establishment

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Seppo Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
State University ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Level

The research in intraspecific competition within an alfalfa stand and interspecific competition between alfalfa and weeds was begun on the Michigan State University farm in East Lansing in 1972. Alfalfa seeding densities of 50, 400 and 800 seeds/m2 were used to determine intraspecific competition. Interspecific competition between alfalfa and weeds occurred mainly in noncontrolled alfalfa stands at various levels of seeding densities. Plant competition was evaluated with importance values and with relative crowding coefficients. Both measurements were found to be suitable for this kind of study. Importance values primarily indicated the quantity relationships of different species. Relative crowding coefficients mainly characterized the competitive ability of a species in a mixed stand. The importance of alfalfa exceeded the importance of weeds in noncontrolled and herbicide controlled stands at the seeding rates of 14 and 7 kg/ha respectively. Relative crowding coefficients show the competitive ability of alfalfa with regard to weeds. In the case of intraspecific competition there was no change in the crowding coefficient of alfalfa in respect of weeds when the seeding rate of alfalfa was increased beyond 9 kg/ha. The crowding coefficient of weeds presented equal values under all treatments thereby indicating the variability and plasticity of weeds. The maximum yield level was obtained in all treatments with the alfalfa seeding rate of 9 kg/ha. The total biomass production per unit area was equal in the noncontrolled system at all seeding densities and in the herbicide controlled system at seeding rates of 9 kg/ha or more.

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