Protanopia (red color-blindness) in medaka: a simple system for producing color-blind fish and testing their spectral sensitivity

Recent studies of mentally retarded children have found substantially higher rates of color blindness than are usually reported for the general population. In 2 of these studies, sex differences in color blindness, invariably found in intellectually normal children, do not appear. Reanalysis of data from one of the studies of retarded children suggests the possibility that the high rates arise from the difficulty in comprehending the test and following the directions rather than from faulty color vision. However, even if the number of color blind retarded children is actually lower than these studies show, the need for research on this topic seems apparent. Using color dependent instructional materials with color blind, mentally retarded children may be detrimental.

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Do Color Blindness and Multiculturalism Remedy or Foster Discrimination and Racism?

Current Directions in Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0963721418766068 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 200-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Victoria C. Plaut ◽

Kecia M. Thomas ◽

Kyneshawau Hurd ◽

Celina A. Romano

Keyword(s):

Color Blindness ◽

People Of Color ◽

Organizational Diversity ◽

Interracial Interactions ◽

Organizational Contexts ◽

Psychological Science ◽

Diversity And Inclusion ◽

Color Blind

This article offers insight from psychological science into whether models of diversity (e.g., color blindness and multiculturalism) remedy or foster discrimination and racism. First, we focus on implications of a color-blind model. Here, the literature suggests that while color blindness appeals to some individuals, it can decrease individuals’ sensitivity to racism and discrimination. Furthermore, the literature suggests that, with some exceptions, color blindness has negative implications for interracial interactions, minorities’ perceptions and outcomes, and the pursuit of diversity and inclusion in organizational contexts. Second, we examine circumstances under which a multicultural approach yields positive or negative implications for interracial interactions, organizational diversity efforts, and discrimination. The research reviewed coalesces to suggest that while multiculturalism generally has more positive implications for people of color, both models have the potential to further inequality.

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Color-Blind Racism in Pandemic Times

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity ◽

10.1177/2332649220941024 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 233264922094102

Author(s):

Eduardo Bonilla-Silva

Keyword(s):

Popular Culture ◽

Color Blindness ◽

Differential Mortality ◽

Main Argument ◽

Government Officials ◽

Structural Nature ◽

Color Blind Racism ◽

Color Blind ◽

Tv Shows ◽

Magazine Articles

In this article the author examines how the frameworks of color-blind racism have influenced many topics during the pandemic. Using readily available material from popular culture (TV shows, newspaper and magazine articles, and advertisements) and from statements by government officials, the author examines how color blindness has shaped our national discussion on essential workers and heroes, charity, and differential mortality. The main argument is that color-blind racism is limiting our understanding of the structural nature of the various racial problems coronavirus disease 2019 has revealed, making it difficult to envision the kinds of policies needed to address them. the author concludes by summarizing what these ideological perspectives block from view as well as addressing the nascent discursive cracks that might be used to produce alternative frames for interpreting matters and organizing collective action.

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Exposing Color Blindness/Grounding Color Consciousness

Urban Education ◽

10.1177/0042085911413150 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1195-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Kerri Ullucci ◽

Dan Battey

Keyword(s):

Teacher Education ◽

Social Science ◽

Teacher Educators ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Color Blindness ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Multiple Meanings ◽

Color Blind ◽

K 12

As teacher educators we have been struck by the consistency, urgency, and frequency in which students employ color-blind perspectives. This orientation has negative consequences in K-12 settings. In this manuscript, we lay out the multiple meanings of color blindness, drawing from legal, educational, and social science traditions, and offer arguments for color consciousness in education. In addition, we use this theoretical perspective to investigate interventions for countering color blindness in teacher education. Using a framework steeped in the tenets of color consciousness, we draw from scholars as well as our own work to provide interventions designed to challenge color-blind orientations in teachers.

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Prevalence of Color Blindness in Undergraduates of Kathmandu University

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.3913 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (214) ◽

pp. 900-903

Author(s):

Reena Kumari Jha ◽

Sukirty Khadaka ◽

Yubina Gautam ◽

Manisha Bade ◽

Mukesh Kumar Jha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Vision ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Color Blindness ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Color Blind

Introduction: Color blindness is X-linked recessive inherited disorder that occurs mostly in males and is transmitted through females. Many people with color blindness may remain undetected. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the incidence of color blindness among undergraduates of Kathmandu University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 825 undergraduates, aged 17-25 years, from June to August 2018, in Kathmandu University, Kavre, Nepal. The Ishihara plates were used to evaluate the color vision of students under natural day light condition.Results: Study revealed that 24 (2.9%) undergraduates were color blind which include 24 male (5%) and no female. Among the color blind, five (20.3%), three (12.5%), two (8.33%) and 14 (58.33%) males were the victims of deuteranomaly, deuteranopia, protanomalia and total color blindness respectively. Color blindness is prevalent among the Brahmin 10 (3.9%), followed by Chettri 10 (2.72%) and Newar 4 (2.24%). Conclusions: Prevalence of color blindness is found to be higher in males 24 (5%) than females 0 (0%). Total color blindness is the most prevalent in our study. Screening enables the students to become aware of limitations and devise ways of overcoming them.

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Prevalence of Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) Taste Sensitivity and Colour Blindness in Tengger Tribe Population, Ranupani Village, Senduro, Lumajang

BERKALA SAINSTEK ◽

10.19184/bst.v9i4.26435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Rike Oktarianti ◽

Iguh Widigda Putra ◽

Resmining Mega Arofa ◽

Asmoro Lelono

Keyword(s):

Allele Frequency ◽

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Color Blindness ◽

Pedigree Analysis ◽

Dominant Trait ◽

Genetic Trait ◽

Autosomal Dominant Trait ◽

Colour Blindness ◽

Color Blind

The taste of sensitivity of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), is autosomal dominant trait inherited while the colour blindness is a sex linked genetic trait on the X chromosome. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of taster and non taster phenotypes, prevalence of color blindness, frequency of taster and non taster alleles, and frequency of color blind alleles, as well as pedigree analysis in non taster and color blind families. The research was conducted on the Tengger tribe, in Ranupani village, Senduro, Lumajang. Determination of the sample is carryout randomly. Detection of the ability to taste PTC was respondents to taste the PTC solution from the lowest concentration of 0.32mg/L (P13) to the highest concentration of 1300 mg/L (P1). Color blindness detection by the Ishihara method. The results of the study showed that the distribution of the taster was 98.1% while the non-taster was 1.9%. The allele frequency of the dominant taster (T) was 0.86 and the recessive allele non taster (t) is 0.14. The prevalence of color blindness in the population of the Tengger tribe was 0.63% and the allele frequency for color blindness was 0.013. The pedigree analysis of non taster family showed that non taster individuals were born from taster couple (Tt) or from couple of non taster (tt) with tasters (Tt) heterozigot. While the pattern of inheritance of color blindness was criss-cross inheritance pattern, which is passed from mother to son.

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Constitutive Racism, Redemptive Constitutionalism

10.1093/oso/9780190683603.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Golub

Keyword(s):

Racial Segregation ◽

Narrative Structure ◽

Color Blindness ◽

Racial Equality ◽

Equal Protection ◽

Racial Consciousness ◽

Racial Awareness ◽

Racial Classification ◽

Color Blind ◽

Performative Contradiction

Equal protection law operates within a narrative structure of fall and redemption. Framed as a repudiation of race, color-blind constitutionalism appears to enact this redemption by aspiring to transcend racial consciousness. And yet prohibitions against racial classification in fact serve to heighten and preserve racial awareness, in direct contradiction of their stated goals and justification. This chapter examines the narrative structure and constraints of equal protection law, within which efforts to achieve racial equality appear as equivalent to state-sponsored racial segregation. Theorizing color-blindness as a kind of performative contradiction, it demonstrates the race-conscious logic of color-blind constitutionalism.

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Beyond Color-Blindness and Color-Consciousness

10.1093/oso/9780190683603.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Golub

Keyword(s):

Common Sense ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Racial Formation ◽

Color Blindness ◽

Equal Protection ◽

Legal Doctrine ◽

Moral Condemnation ◽

Color Blind ◽

Discourse Functions

This introductory chapter analyzes how color-blindness discourse functions simultaneously as legal doctrine and as political ideology. As doctrine, “getting beyond race” is the ostensible goal of both conservative and liberal theories of equal protection, expressed as principles of anticlassification or antidiscrimination respectively. Both views are criticized by antisubordination theory, which rejects color-blindness even in its aspirational form. As ideology, color-blindness establishes a racial common sense meant to reconcile the nation’s moral condemnation of racism with entrenched and pervasive material inequality by race. The chapter seeks to move beyond color-blindness and color-consciousness by analyzing both terms as elements of racial formation and by exposing color-blind constitutionalism’s underlying racial commitments.

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Color Blind Test Using Ishihara Method for Mercu Buana University Prospective Students Selection

PIKSEL : Penelitian Ilmu Komputer Sistem Embedded and Logic ◽

10.33558/piksel.v9i2.2404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 135-146

Author(s):

Sri Dianing Asri ◽

Adhitya Dwiki Darmawan ◽

Novianti Putri Wibowo ◽

Dimas Riyanto Wibowo

Keyword(s):

System Development ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Color Blindness ◽

Test Results ◽

Prospective Students ◽

Blind Test ◽

Vision Disorder ◽

Test Application ◽

New Students ◽

Color Blind

Mercu Buana University is a private university which consists of seven faculties. At the Faculty of Design and Creative Arts, Faculty of Communication Sciences and Faculty of Engineering, additional requirements are required for new student candidates, i.e. a color blindness free certificate. Color blindness is a vision disorder caused by the inability of the eye cone cells to perceive a certain spectrum of colors. There are many ways to test someone's color blindness, one of which is by using the Ishihara method. To obtain a color blindness free certificate, prospective students must visit a clinic or hospital, carry out the applicable color blind test procedure, then bring the results to campus. Based on these problems, the research was conducted with the aim of making a color blind test application that can issue a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students. The system development method uses System Development Life Cycle. The results of the study were an android-based color blind test application that was able to detect color blindness using the Ishihara method and issued a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students in the on-time application.

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CHAPTER NINE. Toward a Color-Blind Future: Varieties of Color Blindness and the Future of Race Policy

Shaping Race Policy ◽

10.1515/9781400837465.202 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 202-224

Keyword(s):

Color Blindness ◽

The Future ◽

Color Blind

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