scholarly journals Reduction of peripheral regulatory T cells in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Baochen Li ◽  
Qiaoling Guo ◽  
Fangyuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Active Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Objective To identify lymphocyte and CD4 + T cell subset characteristics, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs), in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 54 RA patients with CAD (RA-CAD group), 43 RA patients without CAD (pure RA group), and 43 healthy controls (HC group) were enrolled. The absolute number and frequency of lymphocyte subpopulations and CD4 + T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of cytokines were analyzed using a cytometric bead array. Clinical and laboratory data were collected retrospectively and their correlation with CD4 + T subsets were analyzed. Results There was a significant decrease in the absolute number of Treg cells (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells) in the RA-CAD group compared to the pure RA group (p < 0.001). Similarly, both the absolute number (p = 0.001) and frequency (p = 0.011) of Tregs in the RA-CAD group were decreased compared to the HCs, causing a Th17/Treg imbalance (p = 0.044). No difference was found in the absolute number and frequency of Treg cells between the pure RA and HC groups. However, the absolute Th17 cell count was increased in the pure RA group (p = 0.032). The serum level of cytokine IL-17 was lower in the RA-CAD group than in the pure RA group (p = 0.023). In the RA-CAD group, the Treg number was negatively correlated with the RA disease activity score and ESR value, and LDL and ApoB100 levels were negatively correlated with the number of Th17 cells. Conclusions Active RA patients with CAD sustain more severe immune tolerance damage and Th17/Treg disorder. Monitoring of lymphocyte and CD4 + T cell subsets, particularly Treg cells, is crucial to understanding immune status in this group. Focusing on RA activity and CAD risk control, immune-regulatory therapy based on the Treg level may be more beneficial for RA patients with CAD.

Loss of balance between protective and pro-inflammatory synovial tissue T-cell polyfunctionality predates clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. annrheumdis-2021-220458
Author(s):  
Achilleas Floudas ◽  
Nuno Neto ◽  
Carl Orr ◽  
Mary Canavan ◽  
Phil Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Cell Responses

ObjectivesThis study investigates pathogenic and protective polyfunctional T-cell responses in patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), individuals at risk (IAR) and healthy control (HC) synovial-tissue biopsies and identifies the presence of a novel population of pathogenic polyfunctional T-cells that are enriched in the RA joint prior to the development of clinical inflammation.MethodsPathway enrichment analysis of previously obtained RNAseq data of synovial biopsies from RA (n=118), IAR (n=20) and HC (n=44) was performed. Single-cell synovial tissue suspensions from RA (n=10), IAR (n=7) and HC (n=7) and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro and polyfunctional synovial T-cell subsets examined by flow cytometric analysis, simplified presentation of incredibly complex evaluations (SPICE) and FlowSom clustering. Flow-imaging was utilised to confirm specific T-cell cluster identification. Fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to visualise metabolic status of sorted T-cell populations.ResultsIncreased plasticity of Tfh cells and CD4 T-cell polyfunctionality with enriched memory Treg cell responses was demonstrated in RA patient synovial tissue. Synovial-tissue RNAseq analysis reveals that enrichment in T-cell activation and differentiation pathways pre-dates the onset of RA. Switch from potentially protective IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) dominated polyfunctional CD4 T-cell responses towards pathogenic polyfunctionality is evident in patient with IAR and RA synovial tissue. Cluster analysis reveals the accumulation of highly polyfunctional CD4+ CD8dim T-cells in IAR and RA but not HC synovial tissue. CD4+ CD8dim T-cells show increased utilisation of oxidative phosphorylation, a characteristic of metabolically primed memory T-cells. Frequency of synovial CD4+ CD8dim T-cells correlates with RA disease activity.ConclusionSwitch from potentially protective to pathogenic T-cell polyfunctionality pre-dates the onset of clinical inflammation and constitutes an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in RA.

Mechanisms by Which NK T Cells Become the Predominant T Cell Subset in Mice after Irradiation.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4295-4295
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Yao ◽  
Yinping Liu ◽  
Jennifer McIntire ◽  
Samuel Strober
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
T Cell Subset ◽  
Nk T Cells ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Nk T Cell

Abstract Previously, we found that the percentage of NK T cells among all T cells in the spleen of mice treated with fractionated irradiation to the lymphoid tissues (Total lymphoid irradiation; TLI) with a total dose of 4,080 cGy increased markedly due to greater reduction in the absolute number of non-NK T cells as compared to NK T cells. The underlying mechanisms of the change in the T cell subsets after irradiation remained to be established. In the current study, C57BL/6 mice were given escalating single doses of 240, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 cGy total body irradiation (TBI). Splenocytes were harvested at 4 or 24 hours after irradiation, and the percentage and absolute number of NK T and non-NK T cells was determined. At the same time, the intracellular level of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 was assayed by flow cytometry. In some studies, the turnover rate of NK T cells and non-NK T cells was examined by injection of BrdU and intracellular staining. At 4 hours after all doses of irradiation, neither the NK T nor non-NK T cell subset had a significant change in percentage or absolute number as compared to untreated controls. However, at 24 hours the percentage of NK T cells among all T cells had progressively increased with increased doses of TBI from 3% in the untreated controls to 65% in mice given 3,000 cGy. Whereas the absolute number of non-NK T cells decreased at least 1000 fold, the absolute number of NK T cells decreased approximately 50 fold after 3,000 cGy. The BrdU incorporation of NK T cells from irradiated mice was markedly reduced as compared to untreated mice, and was similar to that of non NK T cells in these irradiated mice. 8–12% of NK T cells and non NK T cells in untreated mice expressed a high level Bcl-2. As the dose of TBI increased progressively, the percentage of Bcl-2hi cells increased progressively to 89% amongst NK T cells and 70% amongst non-NK T cells. At each irradiation dose, the percentage of Bcl-2hi cells amongst NK T cells was higher than amongst non-NK T cells. There were 40×103 Bcl-2hi NK T cell and 10×103 Bcl-2hi non-NK T cells surviving per spleen at 24 hours after 3000 cGy TBI. The absolute number of Bcl-2hi NK T cells decreased by about two fold while the absolute number of Bcl-2hi non-NK T cells decreased by about 100 fold. These results indicate that the increased percentage of NK T cells amongst all T cells after irradiation is due to greater radioresistance rather than to more rapid replenishment of NK T cells as compared to non-NK T cells. We are investigating whether Bcl-2 plays a critical role in the extraordinary radioresistance of the NK T cells.

scholarly journals Aging is accompanied by a decrease in the number of naive Tregs

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Filatova ◽  
A Potekhina ◽  
N Radyukhina ◽  
N Ruleva ◽  
T Arefieva
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Absolute Content ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. Age-related changes in the immune system are an important factor contributing to the maintenance of chronic inflammatory status. There are undoubted data on the decrease of the number of T-lymphocytes with age caused by thymus involution, but there are currently no unambiguous data on changes of minor T-cell subpopulations, in particular, regulatory T-cells (Treg). The aim of this study was to analyze the content of effector and regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets in patients with coronary and/or carotid atherosclerosis depending on age. Methods. 111 patients (men, median age 63 (55;69)) with coronary and/or carotid atherosclerosis, without smoking anamnesis, were enrolled.  Mononuclear leuocytes were isolated from blood by gradient centrifugation, and CD4 + CD25high and CD4 + Foxp3+ Treg, CD4 + IL17+ T-helpers (Th) 17 and CD4 + INFγ Th1 were evaluated by direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. For intracellular cytokine detection cells were pre-activated in vitro in the presence of PMA/ionomycin/brefeldin A. In 74 patients cells were additionally stained with CD39, CD278, CD45RA Mabs to reveal naïve and primed T-cells. Results. According to age the patients formed three groups: I – &lt;55 y.o. (n = 23), II – 55-64 y.o. (n = 42), III - ≥65 y.o. (n = 46). All patients were taking statins at baseline. The groups were comparable in traditional risk factors of CVD (BMI, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction anamnesis). The absolute content of CD4+ T cells was lower in group III (646.3 (516.0;806.4)) compared to groups I (903.0 (585.6;1113.8), p = 0.03) and II (745.4 (502.2;924.0), p = 0.06). The absolute content of CD4 + CD25high Treg was lower in group III (24.2 (18.4;35.2)) compared to groups I (35.0 (28.7;54.4), p = 0.01) and II (31.0 (21.1;43.6), p = 0.03). There were no differences in Th1, Th17, CD39 + CD45RA- and CD278+ Treg content between groups. A negative correlation was found between age and the content of CD4+ T cells (r= -0.28), CD4 + CD25high Treg (r= -0.27), p &lt; 0.05. A negative correlation was found between age and CD4 + CD25highCD45RA+ Treg (r= -0.24) and CD4 + CD45RA+ T cells (r= -0.36), CD4 + CD45RA+/CD4 + CD45RA- T-cells ratio (r= -0.24), p &lt; 0.05. Conclusion. Here we demonstrate an age-dependent decrease of total CD4+ T cell population and Treg subset in patients with atherosclerosis. The changes observed were primary due to the deficiency of CD45RA+ naïve T cells. The effector cell Th1 and Th17 quantities were at the same levels. Future research will show whether the identified immunological patterns can contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis and other chronic inflammatory diseases.

CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis: Regulation by platelets

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (06) ◽  
pp. 980-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nailin Li
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Effector Cells ◽  
Research Perspectives

SummaryAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory and thrombotic disease, in which both CD4+ T cells and platelets play important roles throughout all stages of atherogenesis. CD4+ T cells are the most abundant T cells present in atherosclerotic lesions. They are primarily seen as type 1 T helper (Th1) cells, while the other CD4+ T cell subsets Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells are also found in the lesions with lower frequencies. CD4+ T effector cells release various cytokines, which exert paracrine or autocrine effects among different CD4+ T cell subsets and other lesional cells and subsequently modulate inflammatory processes in the lesions. Platelets are instrumental in thrombosis and haemostasis, but also play important regulatory roles in immune response, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The present review summarises the current knowledge and/or understanding on how platelets regulate recruitment, activation, differentiation, and cytokine production of different CD4+ T cell subsets, as well as impacts of the platelet-CD4+ T cell interactions on atherogenesis. The research perspectives of platelet-CD4+ T cell interaction in atherosclerosis are also discussed.

Decreased Circulating CD28-negative T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Abatacept Are Correlated with Clinical Response

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRKO SCARSI ◽  
TAMARA ZIGLIOLI ◽  
PAOLO AIRÒ
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Disease Activity Score ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Effector T Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cd28 Costimulation

Objective.To verify the hypothesis that blockade of CD28 costimulation by treatment with abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might induce a reduction in the number of CD28– T cells, as well as other effector T cell populations. We evaluated whether these variations correlate with clinical response.Methods.Peripheral blood T cell subsets were longitudinally evaluated by flow cytometry through the analysis of CD28, CD45RA, and CCR7 expression in 16 patients with RA who were treated with abatacept.Results.After 48 weeks of treatment, the proportion and the absolute number of circulating CD8+CD28– T cells decreased (p = 0.008, p = 0.055, respectively, compared with baseline), as well as the proportion of the CD8+CD45RA+CCR7– cells, thought to represent terminally differentiated effector T cells (p = 0.03). Reductions of percentages of circulating CD4+CD28– and CD8+CD28– T cells, and (CCR7–) CD8+ total effector T cells were directly correlated with the reduction of Disease Activity Score 28 C-reactive protein (r = 0.58, p = 0.014; r = 0.47, p = 0.059; r = 0.59, p = 0.012, respectively).Conclusion.After therapy with abatacept, circulating CD28– T cells and other effector populations decrease in patients with RA. This decrease is correlated with clinical response.

Abstract TP460: Regulatory T-Cells and CD4+ T Helper Cell Subsets Are Differentially Regulated and Express Distinct Activation States After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) and During Post-SAH Complications

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafqat R Chaudhry ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Hla Dr

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Devastating post-SAH complications after aneurysm treatment lead to poor clinical outcome. Current research suggests critical role of inflammation during early and delayed brain injury phases over which these complications arise. T helper cells can polarize to multiple functionally unique subsets. Here, we investigate different CD4+ T cell subsets during these brain injury phases after SAH and their dynamics during post-SAH complications. Methods: Anticoagulated peripheral venous blood was obtained from 15 SAH patients on days 1 and 7, and once from healthy controls. After erythrocyte lysis and single cell wash, 1 million cells were stained with different anti-human mouse monoclonal antibodies and were acquired on BD LSR Fortessa. Lymphocytes were gated based on low side scatter and high CD45 expression. Different CD3+CD4+ T cell subsets were characterized by differential cell surface expression of CXCR3 and CCR6 into Th1, Th2, Th17, whereas Tregs by CD25 hi and CD127 lo . SAH patients were dichotomized based on presence or absence of different post-SAH complications (hydrocephalus, seizures, CVS, cerebral ischemia) to assess association of T cell subsets with these complications. Results: Total CD4+ T cells were significantly increased after SAH. Interestingly, Th2 cells were significantly decreased and Th17 cells increased on day 7 compared to day 1 after SAH. However, regulatory T-cells were significantly increased on both assessment days compared to controls. The analysis of activation states was done by CD38 and HLA-DR expression. Th1 and Treg cells were significantly increased on day 1 in SAH patients who developed seizures and CVS, respectively. HLA-DR + CD38 + Th2 cells significantly increased on day 1 in SAH patients who developed hydrocephalus, whereas HLA-DR - CD38 - Th1 cells significantly increased on day 1 in patients with infections. HLA-DR - CD38 - Treg cells were significantly reduced on day 1 and day 7 in patients developing cerebral ischemia . Conclusion: CD4+ T cell subsets and Treg cells display dynamic patterns after SAH, and show a distinct pattern of polarization and activation states in specific post-SAH complications.

Contrasting Roles of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Aplastic Anaemia (AA) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS).

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1090-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Y Kordasti ◽  
Sufyan M AlKhan ◽  
Ziyi Lim ◽  
Pilar Perez Abellan ◽  
Judith C W Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Aplastic Anaemia ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Abstract 1090 Poster Board I-112 Introduction Autoimmunity is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of both idiopathic aplastic anaemia (AA) as well as low-risk MDS (L-MDS). While there is a significant overlap in some of the clinical features between AA and L-MDS, there is a striking difference in response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) (70-80% in AA vs 20% in L-MDS). We have previously shown that Tregulatory cells are significantly reduced in L-MDS (Kordasti Blood 2008), while other groups have suggested that Tregs are decreased in AA. We hypothesised that differences in the immune regulatory profile as well as the cytokine environment, may differentially influence the pathogenesis of AA and MDS. In a prospective study we examined the immunological and cytokine profiles within a cohort of newly diagnosed AA and L-MDS patients. Patients and Methods 33 Acquired aplastic anaemia(22 at diagnosis and pre-treatment and 11 post IST), 18 low risk MDS (IPSS=0) and 5 healthy controls were recruited. The percentage and absolute number of different CD4+ T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, TNF-αa producing CD4+ T cells and Foxp3+ Tregs) in peripheral blood, were investigated by flow cytometry. T cells were stimulated first and then stained intracellularly for IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 & TNF-αa. The serum level of 30 different cytokines was also measured by 30 Plex bead analysis (Luminex). NK cells were defined as CD3– CD56+. B cells were defined as CD3-CD19+. CD3+ CD4+ T-cell subsets were defined as CD45RO–CD27+ naïve, CD45RO+ CD27+ CD62L+ central memory,CD45RO+ CD27+ CD62L– effector memory, CD45RO+CD27– effectors and CD45RO– CD27– terminal effectors. CD4 regulatory T cells were defined as CD4+ CD25highFoxp3+. Results The absolute number of Th1 cells and TNF-αa producing CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in AA patients compared to healthy controls(42 × 107/L v 29 × 107/L) (p=0.001, p=0.005). Although the number of Th17 cells was the same as healthy controls, this number was significantly lower than low risk MDS patients (0.86 × 107/L v 2.7 × 107/L) (p=0.009). Amongst AA patients, the number of Th2 cells and Foxp3+ Tregs were not significantly different from healthy controls. Following IST, the number of Tregs was significantly higher in responders than non responders (0.02 × 107/L v 0.001 × 107/L) (p=0.009). Interestingly the ratio of Th17/ Tregs was higher in non-responsive patients (15.2 v 2.8)(p=0.01). The number of T cell subsets, NK and B cells were not significantly different from healthy controls in our cohort of AA patients. The serum levels of proliferative cytokines, EGF (p=0.01), HGF(p=0.01), VEGF (p=0.01) and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-13 (p=0.02), IL-8 (p<0.001) were significantly higher in AA patients than healthy controls and this was different from low risk MDS patients in whom the levels of IL-12 (P < 0.01), IL-7 (P < 0.005), IFN-γ (P < 0.01) and RANTES (P < 0.005) were elevated. Conclusions Our data suggests that despite the presence of autoimmunity in both low risk MDS and AA, the involved mechanisms are significantly different. In AA the main mechanism is a Th1 derived (IFN-γ and TNF-αa production) response whereas in low risk MDS, Th17 cells may play an important role in creating a more indolent inflammatory environment. The serum cytokine profiles in these diseases are different too. These data also suggests a significant role for Tregs (absolute number as well as ratio of Th1 and Th17 to Tregs) in the prediction and evaluation of response to IST. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals POS0396 THE LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL REGULATORY T CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHANGES OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 427-428
Author(s):  
R. Wu ◽  
J. An ◽  
T. Ding ◽  
H. Xue ◽  
X. F. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
T Subsets ◽  
The Absolute

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmunity inflammation disease characterized with chronic aggressive arthritis and the presence of abnormal antibodies. Several observations showed that the breakdown of immune tolerance caused by many complex interactions was involved in the development of RA[1]. However, the pathogenesis of RA remained unclear. It has been confirmed that the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells play a crucial role in destroying immune tolerance [2]. Besides, researches showed that intestinal microbiota can influence host immunity by acting on the immune cells to play pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect, and in turn immune system can also regulate the microbiota[3, 4]. Thus, a frontier point of view in the field of rheumatism, immune microecology, was proposed, which is a novel concept for the breakdown of immune tolerance. Studies have confirmed that there was an imbalance of intestinal microbiota in patients with RA [4]. But the relationship between the CD4+T subsets cells and intestinal microbiota in RA is unknown.Objectives:We detected and compared the absolute number of CD4+T cells subsets in the peripheral blood and the proportion or abundance of intestinal microbiota in patients with RA and healthy adults, and then analyzed the relationship between them to explore the role of CD4+T cells subsets and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods:We collected the sample of stool and blood from 15 patients with RA hospitalized at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and 8 age and gender-matched healthy controls(HC). The absolute number of CD4+T cells subsets including Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. The 16S rRNA in the stool specimens were sequenced by the Roche/45 high-throughput sequencing platform. We analyzed whether there was correlarion between CD4+T subsets cells and intestinal microbiota.Results:Patients with RA had a higher level of Christensenellaceae and a lower level of Pseudomonadaceae as compared with those of HCs at the family level (p<0.05). And at the genus level, the patients with RA had higher levels of Ruminococcus torques, Christensenellaceae R-7, Ruminiclostridium 9 and Ruminococcus 1 compared with those of HCs (p<0.05) (Figure 1).And the Ruminococcus torques at the genus level was negative correlated with the absolute number of Treg cells (p<0.001) (Figure 2).Conclusion:The results here suggested that there were different proportion or abundance of intestinal microbiota between the patients with RA andHCs. And the changes of intestinal microbiota such as Ruminococcus torques were associated with Treg cells, further indicating that the imbalance of intestinal microbiota in RA can destory the immune tolerance. The above results uncovered that the intestinal microbiota had immunomodulatory function, which may be the upstream mechanism participated in the pathogenesis of RA.References:[1]Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. The immunology of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Immunol 2021, 22(1): 10-18.[2]Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Immunometabolism in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2020, 294(1): 177-187.[3]Brown EM, Kenny DJ, Xavier RJ. Gut Microbiota Regulation of T Cells During Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2019, 37: 599-624.[4]du Teil Espina M, Gabarrini G, Harmsen HJM, Westra J, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019, 43(1).Figure 1.At the family level (a-b) and the genus level(c-f), the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in patients with RA and HCs were different. Data were expressed as median (Q1, Q3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon test. (*** P < 0.001, **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05).Figure 2.A heatmap shows the correlation between the intestinal microbiota and CD4+T cells in patients with RA, and Ruminococcus torques at the genus level was negative related with Treg cells. (Colors indicate the Spearman rank correlation, *** P < 0.001).Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Regulatory T Cells Fail to Suppress Fast Homeostatic Proliferation In Vitro

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Daniil Shevyrev ◽  
Valeriy Tereshchenko ◽  
Elena Blinova ◽  
Nadezda Knauer ◽  
Ekaterina Pashkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Homeostatic Proliferation ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Healthy Donors

Homeostatic proliferation (HP) is a physiological process that reconstitutes the T cell pool after lymphopenia involving Interleukin-7 and 15 (IL-7 and IL-15), which are the key cytokines regulating the process. However, there is no evidence that these cytokines influence the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Since lymphopenia often accompanies autoimmune diseases, we decided to study the functional activity of Tregs stimulated by HP cytokines from patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared with that of those from healthy donors. Since T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength determines the intensity of HP, we imitated slow HP using IL-7 or IL-15 and fast HP using a combination of IL-7 or IL-15 with anti-CD3 antibodies, cultivating Treg cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at a 1:1 ratio. We used peripheral blood from 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 18 healthy volunteers. We also used anti-CD3 and anti-CD3 + IL-2 stimulation as controls. The suppressive activity of Treg cells was evaluated in each case by the inhibition of the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The phenotype and proliferation of purified CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127lo cells were assessed by flow cytometry. The suppressive activity of the total pool of Tregs did not differ between the rheumatoid arthritis and healthy donors; however, it significantly decreased in conditions close to fast HP when the influence of HP cytokines was accompanied by anti-CD3 stimulation. The Treg proliferation caused by HP cytokines was lower in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients than in the healthy individuals. The revealed decrease in Treg suppressive activity could impact the TCR landscape during lymphopenia and lead to the proliferation of potentially self-reactive T cell clones that are able to receive relatively strong TCR signals. This may be another explanation as to why lymphopenia is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. The revealed decrease in Treg proliferation under IL-7 and IL-15 exposure can lead to a delay in Treg pool reconstitution in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the case of lymphopenia.

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