scholarly journals A longitudinal study on morpho-genetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Das ◽  
T. Plyler-Harveson ◽  
Dipak K. Santra ◽  
Bijesh Maharjan ◽  
Kathy A. Nielson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean

Abstract Background Root and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. Rhizoctonia root rot and crown rot in sugar beet and dry bean have reduced the yield significantly and has also created problems in storage. The objective of this study was to analyze morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from sugar beet and dry bean fields in western Nebraska collected over 10 years. Morphological features and ISSR-based DNA markers were used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Results Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation, colony, and sclerotia color. Marker analysis using 19 polymorphic ISSR markers showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 to 28 with molecular weight of 100 bp to 3 kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26–92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population ranged from 0.03–0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24–0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. A significant number of isolates showed similarity with isolates of both the crops suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no geographical correlation among the isolates. Principal component analysis showed randomized distribution of isolates from the same geographical origin. Identities of the isolates were confirmed by both ITS-rDNA sequences and pathogenicity tests. Conclusion Identification and categorization of the pathogen will be helpful in designing integrated disease management guidelines for sugar beet and dry beans of mid western America.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study on morphogenetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Das ◽  
Tammy Plyler-Harveson ◽  
Dipak K. Santra ◽  
Robert M. Harveson ◽  
Kathy A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Issr Marker ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean

AbstractRoot and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. Objective was to characterize morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolated from sugar beet and dry beans fields in western Nebraska over 10 years. Classical morphological features and ISSR marker was used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation and colony, sclerotia color. Marker analysis using nineteen polymorphic ISSR marker showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 - 28 with molecular weight 100bp to 3kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26 – 92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population was ranged 0.03 –0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24 – 0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance. Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. There was significant number of cross crop clustering suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no specific geographical correlation between the isolates. PCA analysis showed randomized distribution among isolates from same geographical origin. Morphological characteristics showed crop-specific two distinct groups of isolates with few exceptions. While, genetic diversity showed two distinct group of isolates, one crop specific and one with wide pathogenicity. This information may help in molecular pathotyping of the pathogen for better disease management.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study on morpho-genetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Das ◽  
T. Plyler-Harveson ◽  
Dipak K. Santra ◽  
Kathy A. Nielson ◽  
Robert M. Harveson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Amova Analysis ◽  
Color Marker

Abstract Root and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. The objective of this study was to analyze morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from sugar beet and dry bean fields in western Nebraska over 10 years. Morphological features and ISSR-based DNA markers were used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation, colony, and sclerotia color. Marker analysis using nineteen polymorphic ISSR markers showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 - 28 with molecular weight of 100bp to 3kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26 – 92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population ranged from 0.03 – 0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24 – 0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance (p<0.05). Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. A significant number of isolates showed similarity with isolates of both the crops suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no geographical correlation between the isolates. Principle component analysis showed randomized distribution of isolates from the same geographical origin. This information may help in molecular pathotyping of the pathogen for better disease management.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Commercial Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Varieties from Turkey as Revealed by RAPD

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem ÖZBEK ◽  
Betül Uçar GIDIK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
The Mean

In cultivated commercial crop species, genetic diversity tends to decrease because of the extensive breeding processes. Therefore, germplasm of commercial crop species, such as Brassica napus L. should be evaluated and the genotypes, which have higher genetic diversity index, should be addressed as potential parental cross materials in breeding programs. In this study, the genetic diversity was analysed by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) technique in nine Turkish commercial rapeseed varieties. The RAPD primers (10-mer oligonucleotides) produced 51 scorable loci, 31 loci of which were polymorphic (60.78%) and 20 loci (39.22%) were monomorphic The RAPD bands were scored as binary matrix data and were analysed using POPGENE version 1.32. At locus level, the values of genetic diversity within population (Hs) and total (HT) were 0.15 and 0.19 respectively. The genetic differentiation (GST) and the gene flow (Nm) values between the populations were 0.20 and 2.05 respectively. The mean number of alleles (na), the mean number of effective alleles (nae), and the mean value of genetic diversity (He) were 2.00, 1.26, and 0.19 respectively. According to Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression and principal component analyses, eco-geographical conditions in combination had significant effect on genetic indices of commercial B. napus L. varieties were discussed.

scholarly journals Control of Rhizoctonia solani in Sugar Beet and Effect of Fungicide Application and Plant Cultivar on Inoculum Potential in the Soil

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Bartholomäus ◽  
Stefan Mittler ◽  
Bernward Märländer ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Fungicide Application

Rhizoctonia solani (AG 2-2 IIIB) is the causal agent of Rhizoctonia root and crown rot, a disease that causes severe economic problems in sugar beet growing areas worldwide. In the United States, azoxystrobin is the most important active ingredient for fungicidal control of R. solani in sugar beet, showing efficacy superior to other substances. First reports on resistance development in R. solani, however, underline the importance of a careful fungicide resistance management. For this reason, the efficacy of a new fungicide mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole was compared with a fungicide containing only azoxystrobin. Field trials were carried out under natural infection conditions as well as with inoculation in the years 2012, 2013, and 2014. Evaluation of the disease severity and the obtained white sugar yield of different sugar beet cultivars demonstrated that both fungicide treatments possess a similar efficacy, reducing the diseased beet surface by up to 78% and preventing yield losses. Additionally, a real-time PCR assay, based on DNA extracts from representative soil samples (250 g), was used to directly determine the effect of chemical treatment and plant cultivar on the soil-borne inoculum. Fungicide application significantly reduced the concentration of soil-borne inoculum by up to 97%. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the cultivation of a susceptible cultivar significantly increases the concentration of R. solani in the soil by a factor of 200. In conclusion, the study implies that only a combination of resistant cultivar and fungicide application can prevent an accumulation of R. solani inoculum under conducive conditions in infested fields.

scholarly journals Variability in Reaction to Root and Crown Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani Among Table Beet Cultivars, Breeding Lines, and Plant Introductions in Controlled Environment Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482-1494
Author(s):  
Katharina S. Wigg ◽  
Irwin L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Infection Response

Table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) is adversely affected by the soilborne fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, which greatly decreases root quality. There are no reports of breeding efforts designed to improve resistance to this fungus in table beet. A collection of table beet PIs, cultivars, and publicly available inbreds were characterized for their response to inoculation with R. solani in three replicated greenhouse experiments conducted between 2017 and 2019. An isolate of AG 2-2 IIIB was used to inoculate 8-week old plants, and both susceptible and resistant sugar beet genotypes were used for comparison. Plants were evaluated for internal and external disease characteristics 3 and 5 weeks postinoculation. Compared with uninoculated controls, PI accessions ranged from 2% to 44% infection, whereas cultivars and inbred lines ranged from 16% to 53% and 22% to 52%, respectively. No commercial cultivar outperformed the resistant sugar beet genotype; however, several PI accessions exhibited lower mean diseased tissue percentages than the resistant sugar beet. This suggests that resistance to R. solani may exist in table beet germplasm. PI accessions exhibited greater resistance on average than did cultivars. Inbred lines exhibited the least amount of variation. Ordinal regression allowed for prediction of infection response, which may be helpful in future selection efforts. ‘Badger Flame’, Ames 22164, PI 502294, PI 169015, ‘Long Season’, ‘Red Cloud’, and ‘Albina Vereduna’ were some of the most resistant accessions in our screens. The findings from this study can be used to inform decisions for breeding for host plant resistance in table beet.

scholarly journals Low Divergence Among Natural Populations of Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis Revealed by ISSR Markers

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qiu Yuan ◽  
Qin Fang ◽  
Guo-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiang-Xiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cornus Kousa

Research Highlights: Taking Chinese dogwood (Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis) as an example, the genetic characteristics of natural populations collected from main a distribution area were evaluated using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to reveal the genetic basis for further selection and breeding. Background and Objectives: Chinese dogwood is a small understory tree that is widely distributed in China. Chinese dogwood has attracted interest for its potential horticultural and ornamental values, and its natural resource potential urgently needs to be estimated. Materials and Methods: In this study, the genetic diversity of 12 natural populations collected from six provinces containing 223 individuals was evaluated based on ISSR markers. Results: Relatively high levels of genetic diversity were found at both the population and individual levels. The Shannon’s diversity index (I) among individuals (0.504) was higher than that among populations (0.338). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic variation mainly existed within populations (61.55%) rather than among populations (38.45%). According to the STRUCTURE analysis, 12 populations were assigned to two groups, i.e., the northern and southern ecological regions, which are separated by the Yangtze River. A Mantel test analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Conclusions: Considering the breeding system of dogwoods, we speculated that the genetic characteristics of the natural populations of this species would be affected by the dispersal mode of its pollens and seeds; additionally, genetic drift could play an important role in its genetic differentiation. In conclusion, in situ conservation is recommended for Chinese dogwood based on our results.

scholarly journals Genetic resources of barley and oat characterised by microsatellites

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Leišová ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
L. Dotlačil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Place Of Origin

Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) and oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) are important crop species. 1865 accessions of winter barley, 2707 accessions of spring barley and 1998 accessions of oat are maintained in RICP Gene bank. The expert core collection is used to be established as a tool for germplasm study, conservation of genetic variability and for the identification of useful genes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity of barley and oat genotypes within the expert core collections. Genetic variation of 176 barley accessions was analyzed using 26 microsatellite loci, covering all 6 chromosomes. 330 oat accessions were analyzed using 26 microsatellite loci that are mapped only into linkage groups. For 26 barley microsatellite loci, 328 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 12.6. In oat, for 26 oat microsatellite loci, 353 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.6. The average DI (diversity index) was 0.11 in barley and 0.09 in oat. Dendrogram and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) based on microsatellite data showed a different influence of the place of origin, age of variety and pedigree on grouping into clusters. PCA showed that the breeding process had a negative impact on the level of genetic diversity and therefore there is a necessity of barley and oat germplasm conservation.

scholarly journals Elucidation of genetic diversity among some accessions of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almoataz Bellah Ali El-Mouhamady ◽  
Magdy Ahmad Al-Kordy ◽  
Tarik Abdel-Fatah Elewa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
White Sugar

Abstract Background Sugar beet is considered a very important strategic economic crop, as it comes at the second place for white sugar production in Egypt after sugar cane and the sugar percentage in its roots is 20%. This work was conducted in Egypt as a direct response to bridge the gap which began to expand significantly between the production and consumption of white sugar and the desire for the genetic improvement process to increase the productivity of this crop. Further, as serious attempt to understand the nature of the genetic diversity among a group of sugar beet accessions with different origins, it constitutes an important source for establishing a program of breeding and improving sugar beet crop under Egyptian conditions. Results The process of verifying the existence of significant genetic variation between the eight sugar beet varieties with various origins was carried out through a set of genetic parameters through two growing seasons besides, the data of ISSR markers profile. Further, all the sugar beet varieties were superior in all the studied traits during their evaluation over two agricultural years, where the two sugar beet accessions Oscar Poly and Rass Poly are superior in TSS % and sucrose % traits, Mont Bianco and Sultan in apparent purity % trait, Blino and Sultan in root yield and top yield traits and Rass Poly and Blino in sugar yield trait, respectively. In addition, the values of heritability in broad sense were high in all studied traits except the two traits; sucrose % and sugar yield where their results were appeared medium during both growing seasons. In the same regard, expected genetic advance values showed significant genetic progress in all studied traits during the two growing seasons. As well, highly genetic diversity was obtained between the eight sugar beet accessions through generated 169 amplified fragments from the twelve ISSR primers, 122 of them were polymorphic with 72.18% polymorphism. Conclusions The eight sugar beet varieties achieved remarkable and distinctive results for all traits under study during two agricultural years. However, they were differentiated and various from each other. As they differed in their superiority in all estimated traits and they proved to be fertile material for studying in this investigation and very suitable for enriching the breeding and genetic improvement program to promote the sugar beet yield in order to increase the productivity of white sugar in Egypt.

scholarly journals Analysis of genetic diversity among different tomato genotypes using ISSR DNA marker

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Saida Sharifova ◽  
Sabina Mehdiyeva ◽  
Mehraj Abbasov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
A Value ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Simple Sequence

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used for variation analysis among 41 tomato accessions. A total of 50 scorable bands were obtained, where 32 were polymorphic, representing 63.3% of all the amplified loci. Polymorphism percentage ranged from 50 to 90% and an average number of polymorphic bands of 4.0 were observed. An average genetic diversity index was 0.61. Primer UBC860 and UBC825 generated the greatest diversity index with a value of 0.89 and 0.85 respectively. The smallest diversity identified by primer UBC808, with an index of 0.34. The genetic similarity among studied genotypes ranged from 0.52 to 0.98. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard?s similarity coefficient divided genotypes into 6 distinct clusters on a value of 0.74. The lowest genetic distance was found between ?Gronastiy? and ?AG1224? (0.52), ?Orange? and ?AG1224? (0.54), and ?Evgeniya? and ?AG1224? (0.55) accessions. The highest similarity of 0.98 was determined between ?Zafar? and ?Azerbaijan-94?, ?Khachmaz-1? and ?Azerbaijan-94?, ?Khachmaz-1? and ?Severyanka?, and ?Shakar? and ?Absheron-1? accessions.

Genetic Relationship in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Landraces Cultivated East Anatolia by using RAPD and ISSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Macit Ertuş
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Issr Primers

Background: Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a forage crop that yields high in arid and calcareous soils and is cultivated in large areas. There aren’t many genetic diversity studies on the varieties of cultured sainfoin. This study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity and the degree of relationship between 23 cultivated landraces and one registered variety. Methods: To take samples from the populations, seeds were sown in the field in 2014. Samples were taken from the young leaves of the plants and preserved at -80oC in same year. RAPD and ISSR primers were used in the study. The bands obtained as a result of PCR were recorded and the data of both methods were also evaluated by combining them. Result: In the study, 5 RAPD and 4 ISSR primers were used and a total of 49 bands were obtained. Of 29 bands obtained using RAPD primers, 20 were found to be polymorphic and of 20 bands obtained using ISSR primers, 15 were found to be polymorphic. It was found that there was a very low correlation between the two methods. Using RAPD and ISSR markers and RAPD + ISSR combination, the similarity index among populations was found to be between 0.25-0.95, 0.5-1.00 and 0.45-0.91, respectively. The Nei’s genetic diversity index was found to be between 0.3365, 0.2656 and 0.3018 with RAPD, ISSR primers and RAPD + ISSR combination, respectively. Based on the dendrograms obtained using RAPD, ISSR primers and RAPD + ISSR combination, the populations under analysis were classified into 3, 3 and 5 groups, respectively. With this study, the closest populations were identified and a significantly high genetic diversity was detected.

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