A longitudinal study on morphogenetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska

AbstractRoot and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. Objective was to characterize morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolated from sugar beet and dry beans fields in western Nebraska over 10 years. Classical morphological features and ISSR marker was used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation and colony, sclerotia color. Marker analysis using nineteen polymorphic ISSR marker showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 - 28 with molecular weight 100bp to 3kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26 – 92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population was ranged 0.03 –0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24 – 0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance. Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. There was significant number of cross crop clustering suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no specific geographical correlation between the isolates. PCA analysis showed randomized distribution among isolates from same geographical origin. Morphological characteristics showed crop-specific two distinct groups of isolates with few exceptions. While, genetic diversity showed two distinct group of isolates, one crop specific and one with wide pathogenicity. This information may help in molecular pathotyping of the pathogen for better disease management.

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A longitudinal study on morpho-genetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-020-02026-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saurav Das ◽

T. Plyler-Harveson ◽

Dipak K. Santra ◽

Bijesh Maharjan ◽

Kathy A. Nielson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Dry Bean

Abstract Background Root and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. Rhizoctonia root rot and crown rot in sugar beet and dry bean have reduced the yield significantly and has also created problems in storage. The objective of this study was to analyze morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from sugar beet and dry bean fields in western Nebraska collected over 10 years. Morphological features and ISSR-based DNA markers were used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Results Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation, colony, and sclerotia color. Marker analysis using 19 polymorphic ISSR markers showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 to 28 with molecular weight of 100 bp to 3 kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26–92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population ranged from 0.03–0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24–0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. A significant number of isolates showed similarity with isolates of both the crops suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no geographical correlation among the isolates. Principal component analysis showed randomized distribution of isolates from the same geographical origin. Identities of the isolates were confirmed by both ITS-rDNA sequences and pathogenicity tests. Conclusion Identification and categorization of the pathogen will be helpful in designing integrated disease management guidelines for sugar beet and dry beans of mid western America.

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A longitudinal study on morpho-genetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska

10.21203/rs.2.13499/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Saurav Das ◽

T. Plyler-Harveson ◽

Dipak K. Santra ◽

Kathy A. Nielson ◽

Robert M. Harveson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Amova Analysis ◽

Color Marker

Abstract Root and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. The objective of this study was to analyze morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from sugar beet and dry bean fields in western Nebraska over 10 years. Morphological features and ISSR-based DNA markers were used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation, colony, and sclerotia color. Marker analysis using nineteen polymorphic ISSR markers showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 - 28 with molecular weight of 100bp to 3kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26 – 92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population ranged from 0.03 – 0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24 – 0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance (p<0.05). Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. A significant number of isolates showed similarity with isolates of both the crops suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no geographical correlation between the isolates. Principle component analysis showed randomized distribution of isolates from the same geographical origin. This information may help in molecular pathotyping of the pathogen for better disease management.

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IDENTIFICATION OF SEEDS DIVERSITY IN SUGAR BEET HYBRIDS AND LINES

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v18.n37.2021.12_vostrikova_pgs_179_188.pdf ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (37) ◽

pp. 179-188

Author(s):

Tatiana V. VOSTRIKOVA ◽

Sergey I. SKACHKOV

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Plant Development ◽

Chemical Compound ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Chemical Substance ◽

Early Stages ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Inorganic Chemical

Background: Seeds diversity manifests in their heterogeneity according to morphological characteristics and sowing qualities, depending on the genotype and growing conditions. One of the main indicators of the different qualities of beet seeds is the germinative energy and germination capacity, which depend on the genotype. The influence of agrotechnical factors on the diversity of seeds exceeds genetic. Aim: The purpose of the study is to identify the effects of the pre-sowing treatment of the inorganic chemical compound on the diversity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seeds for lines and hybrids. Methods: As the signs of the seeds diversity is understood, germinative energy, seedling length, seedling mass. It is presented a method for identifying the genetic diversity of seeds of hybrids and lines of Beta vulgaris, including the treatment of seeds with an aqueous solution of the inorganic chemical substance at a concentration of 10 % with an exposure of 15 s, calculation of criteria for the diversity of seeds: germinative energy, seedling length, seedling mass. Results and Discussion: It was used high concentrations of the inorganic chemical compound for revealing the genetic diversity of seeds. Reactions of genotypes of sugar beet on the provocative factor (the inorganic chemical substance) were different from each other. The inorganic chemical compound is used as a provocative factor and agrotechnical method, and the characteristics of seedling length and seedling mass are taken into account as indicators of the heterogeneity of hybrids and lines in the early stages of plant development. Conclusions: The study allows to reveal the genetic diversity of sugar beet seeds according to the criteria "germination energy" and to assess the heterogeneity of hybrids and lines at early stages of plant development according to the characteristics of seedling length, and seedling mass

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ISSR Marker Based Population Genetic Study of Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz: A Commercially Important Bamboo of Manipur, North-East India

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2017/3757238 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heikrujam Nilkanta ◽

Thoungamba Amom ◽

Leimapokpam Tikendra ◽

Hamidur Rahaman ◽

Potshangbam Nongdam

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Species Level ◽

Issr Marker ◽

Polymorphic Band ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Shannon’S Diversity Index

Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz is an economically important bamboo of North-East India experiencing population depletion in its natural habitats. Genetic variation studies were conducted in 7 populations sampled from 5 districts of Manipur using ISSR molecular markers. The investigation was carried out as a primary step towards developing effective conservation strategies for the protection of bamboo germplasm. ISSR marker analysis showed significant level of genetic variation within the populations as revealed by moderately high average values of Nei’s genetic diversity (H 0.1639), Shannon’s diversity index (I 0.2563), percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB 59.18), total genetic variation (Ht 0.1961), and genetic diversity within population (Hs 0.1639). The study also divulged a high genetic variation at species level with Shannon’s diversity index (I), Nei’s genetic diversity (H), and percentage of polymorphic band (PPB%) recorded at 0.3218, 0.1939, and 88.37, respectively. Genetic differentiation among the populations (Gst) was merely 19.42% leaving 80.58% of genetic variation exhibited within the populations. The low genetic diversity between populations was consistent with AMOVA. The low genetic differentiation among populations coupled with existence of significantly high genetic diversity at species level indicated the urgent necessity of preserving and protecting all the existing natural bamboo populations in the region.

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ISSR markers and morphometry determine genetic diversity and population structure in Hedera helix L.

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/93/2021-cjgpb ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Shakoor ◽

Gul Zaib ◽

Fang Zhao ◽

Wuyang Li ◽

Xincan Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Hedera Helix ◽

Plant Populations ◽

High Genetic Diversity

Hedera helix L. is an invasive, but medicinally important plant. In Iran, there is no available study on the H. helix population to reveal the genetic diversity and population structure. Fifty-six individual plants belonging to nine geographical populations were collected in four provinces of Iran. High genetic diversity, polymorphisms, and a Shannon diversity index of 0.269 were detected in Mazandaran, Kandovan (Population 3). Analysis of the molecular variance indicated 40% of total genetic variation of the whole population was present in the subpopulation. A high genetic similarity (0.922) between plant Populations 5 (Kermanshah; Islamabad) and 6 (Kermanshah; Paveh) was noted. On the other hand, a low genetic similarity was observed between plant Populations 1 (Tehran; Darband) and 8 (Ardabil; Hur). The Mantel test revealed a correlation between the genetic and geographical distances. Furthermore, it demonstrated the isolation mechanism responsible for the population structure in the H. helix plant populations. The principal component analysis explained the majority of the variation in the morphological characteristics. Three components explained 87% of the variation, and the first component explained 60% of the variation. For instance, the leaf morphology showed a correlation of > 0.7 between leaf morphological and floral characters. The plant leaves and quantitative flower characteristics separated the plant populations according to the differences in length. The current results have implications for plant conservation and management.

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Molecular identification and genetic variation of Alternaria species isolated from tomatoes using ITS1 sequencing and inter simple sequence repeat methods

Current Medical Mycology ◽

10.18502/cmm.5.2.1154 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abdelnasser Mohammadi ◽

Seifollah Bahramikia

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Issr Marker ◽

Sequence Repeat ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Alternaria Species ◽

Its Rrna ◽

Simple Sequence

Background and Purpose: Alternaria is one of the most abundant fungi that exists in numerous places around the world. This saprophytic fungus causes diseases in plants and accounts for the spoilage of cereals in warehouses. The aim of this study was to identify Alternaria isolates based on their morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) sequencing method. To this end, genetic diversity in the isolates was also examined using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Materials and Methods: To conduct this research, a total of 60 tomato samples with black spots were collected from supermarkets in Khorramabad City, Iran, in the winter of 2017. The specimens were cultured on a potato dextrose agar medium. After the purification of the fungus by the single-spore method, the identification of the species was carried out using morphological characteristics and ITS rRNA sequencing by polymerase chain reaction. The genetic diversity of the identified species with four primers was evaluated using the ISSR marker. Results: Based on the sequencing of the ITS1 region, all the isolates were identified as A. alternata. Cluster diagrams for the ISSR marker were classified into six distinct groups. The mean polymorphism information content was obtained as 0.35, indicating the effectiveness of the primers in the separation of the isolates. Conclusion: The sequencing of ITS1 led to the identification of Alternaria species that are morphologically similar. The production of various mycotoxins by A . Alternata species leads to the contamination of livestock and human food. Regarding this, the investigation of the genetic diversity of A. alternata species using the ISSR marker would facilitate the identification of suitable and effective strategies for controlling the fungal and mycotoxin contamination of human nutrition.

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Influence of a BactoFil microbiological preparation on the intensity of infection by Rhizoctonia solani and the effects on sugar beet yield and quality

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si12584 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 102-109

Author(s):

Suzana Kristek ◽

Andrija Kristek ◽

Dragana Kocevski ◽

Antonija K. Jankovi ◽

Dražen Juriši

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Block Design ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Beet Root ◽

Set Up

The experiment was set up on two types of the soil: Mollic Gleysols (FAO, 1998) and Eutric Cambisols where the presence of pathogenic fungi – sugar beet root decay agent – Rhizoctonia solani has been detected since 2005. In a two year study (2008, 2009), the experiment was set up by completely randomized block design in 4 repetitions and 16 different variants. Two beet varieties, Belinda, sensitive to pathogenic fungi R. solani, and Laetitia, tolerant to pathogenic fungi R. solani), were grown. The microbiological preparation BactoFil was applied in different amounts in autumn and spring. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer application, based on the results of soil analysis, was varied. The following parameters were tested: amount of infected and decayed plants, root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses and sugar yield. The best results were obtained by applying the microbiological preparation BactoFil, and by 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Preparation dosage and time of application depended on soil properties.

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Assessment of genetic diversity of chili rootstock using issr marker

Can Tho University Journal of Science ◽

10.22144/ctu.jen.2016.017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 03 ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Thuy, V.T.B. ◽

Hien, N.L. ◽

Ba, T.T. ◽

Ky, H. ◽

Yeap, S.K.

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Issr Marker

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A systematic revision of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae in Egypt: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using ecological and genetic diversity

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-020-00069-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Abd. S. El zayat ◽

Mahmoud El Sayd Ali ◽

Mohamed Hamdy Amar

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Polymorphic Markers ◽

Ecological Distribution ◽

Specific Group ◽

Systematic Revision ◽

Dna Evidence ◽

The Family

Abstract Background The Capparaceae family is commonly recognized as a caper, while Cleomaceae represents one of small flowering family within the order Brassicales. Earlier, Cleomaceae was included in the family Capparaceae; then, it was moved to a distinct family after DNA evidence. Variation in habits and a bewildering array of floral and fruit forms contributed to making Capparaceae a “trash-basket” family in which many unrelated plants were placed. Indeed, family Capparaceae and Cleomaceae are in clear need of more detailed systematic revision. Results Here, in the present study, the morphological characteristics and the ecological distribution as well as the genetic diversity analysis among the twelve species of both Capparaceae and Cleomaceae have been determined. The genetic analysis has been checked using 15 ISSR, 30 SRAP, and 18 ISTR to assess the systematic knots between the two families. In order to detect the molecular phylogeny, a comparative analysis of the three markers was performed based on the exposure of discriminating capacity, efficiency, and phylogenetic heatmap. Our results indicated that there is a morphological and ecological variation between the two families. Moreover, the molecular analysis confirmed that ISTR followed by SRAP markers has superior discriminating capacity for describing the genetic diversity and is able to simultaneously distinguish many polymorphic markers per reaction. Indeed, both the PCA and HCA data have drawn a successful annotation relationship in Capparaceae and Cleome species to evaluate whether the specific group sort individual or overlap groups. Conclusion The outcomes of the morphological and ecological characterization along with the genetic diversity indicated an insight solution thorny interspecies in Cleome and Gynandropsis genera as a distinct family (Cleomaceae) and the other genera (Capparis, Cadaba, Boscia, and Maerua) as Capparaceae. Finally, we recommended further studies to elucidate the systematic position of Dipterygium glaucum.

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Utilisation of wild Cicer in chickpea improvement — progress, constraints, and prospects

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar02157 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 429 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

J. S. Croser ◽

F. Ahmad ◽

H. J. Clarke ◽

K. H. M. Siddique

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Cicer Species ◽

Cultivated Species ◽

Wild Cicer Species ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Primary Focus

Efforts to improve the yield and quality of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are constrained by a low level of intraspecific genetic diversity. Increased genetic diversity can be achieved via the hybridisation of the cultivated species with the unimproved 'wild' relatives from within the 43 species of the Cicer genus. To date, the 8 species sharing an annual growth habit and chromosome number with C. arietinum have been the primary focus of screening and introgression efforts. Screening of these species has uncovered morphological characteristics and resistance to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that are of potential value to chickpea improvement programs. Detailed analysis of protein and DNA, karyotyping, and crossability studies have begun to elucidate the relationships between the annual Cicer species. In comparison, perennial species have received little attention due to difficulties in collection, propagation, and evaluation. This review discusses the progress towards an understanding of genetic relationships between the Cicer species, and the introgression of genes from the wild Cicer species into the cultivated species.

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