scholarly journals Comparison of fecal and oral collection methods for studies of the human microbiota in two Iranian cohorts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeni Wu ◽  
Autumn G. Hullings ◽  
Reza Ghanbari ◽  
Arash Etemadi ◽  
Yunhu Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract Background To initiate fecal and oral collections in prospective cohort studies for microbial analyses, it is essential to understand how field conditions and geographic differences may impact microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fecal and oral sample collection methods and room temperature storage on collection samples for studies of the human microbiota. Results We collected fecal and oral samples from participants in two Iranian cohorts located in rural Yazd (n = 46) and urban Gonbad (n = 38) and investigated room temperature stability over 4 days of fecal (RNAlater and fecal occult blood test [FOBT] cards) and comparability of fecal and oral (OMNIgene ORAL kits and Scope mouthwash) collection methods. We calculated interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on 3 alpha and 4 beta diversity metrics and the relative abundance of 3 phyla. After 4 days at room temperature, fecal stability ICCs and ICCs for Scope mouthwash were generally high for all microbial metrics. Similarly, the fecal comparability ICCs for RNAlater and FOBT cards were high, ranging from 0.63 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.75) for the relative abundance of Firmicutes to 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.96) for unweighted Unifrac. Comparability ICCs for OMNIgene ORAL and Scope mouthwash were lower than fecal ICCs, ranging from 0.55 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.70) for the Shannon index to 0.79 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.86) for Bray-Curtis. Overall, RNAlater, FOBT cards and Scope mouthwash were stable up to 4 days at room temperature. Samples collected using FOBT cards were generally comparable to RNAlater while the OMNIgene ORAL were less similar to Scope mouthwash. Conclusions As microbiome measures for feces samples collected using RNAlater, FOBT cards and oral samples collected using Scope mouthwash were stable over four days at room temperature, these would be most appropriate for microbial analyses in these populations. However, one collection method should be consistently since each method may induce some differences.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of public health initiatives on trends in fecal occult blood test participation in Ontario

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys N Honein-AbouHaidar ◽  
Linda Rabeneck ◽  
Lawrence F Paszat ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Jill Tinmouth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Test ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Occult Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

scholarly journals The impact of Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy on adenoma detection in an organized screening program

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. E437-E442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Cavallaro ◽  
Cesare Hassan ◽  
Pierenrico Lecis ◽  
Ermenegildo Galliani ◽  
Elisabetta Dal Pont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Adenoma Detection Rate ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and study aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with biennial fecal occult blood test has been shown to reduce CRC mortality. For the effectiveness of the CRC screening program is crucial that a high-quality colonoscopy with a high adenoma detection rate (ADR) be performed. To improve ADR, various endoscopic devices have been developed. Endocuff, an endoscopic cap with finger-like projections, has been shown to improve ADR. The aim of this study was to compare in an organized CRC screening program ADR, advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR) and mean number of adenomas per patient (MAP) using standard colonoscopy (SC) and Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy (EAC). Patients and methods We compared performance of SC (in 2014) and EAC (in 2015) in consecutive participants in an organized CRC screening program. Results SC and EAC were performed in 546 (284 males) and 519 (293 males) subjects, respectively (mean age 60 years). Cecal intubation rate was 97.4 % for SC and 97.1 % for EAC and not significantly different (P = 0.7). ADR was 47 % for SC and 52 % for EAC, P = 0.1. MAP in SC and EAC were 0.87 (range: 0 – 7) and 1.11 (range: 0 – 13) respectively, P = 0.02. AADR rate was 25 % and 23 % for SC and EAC, respectively, P = 0.5. Conclusion Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy does not improve the number of patients with at least one adenoma but it may increase the number of detected adenomas per procedure.

Ways to use interventions to increase participation in mail-out bowel cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Myers ◽  
Belinda Goodwin ◽  
Sonja March ◽  
Jeff Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combined Interventions

Abstract The impact of colorectal cancer can be reduced through nationwide fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening. Unfortunately, participation in screening programs are low with interventions only increasing participation modestly. This meta-analysis explores if intervention effectiveness can be increased by targeting specific subpopulations with specific interventions or by combining interventions. Six databases were searched for studies aiming to increase participation in mail-out FOBT screening. To investigate if interventions are more effective for certain subpopulations, the difference in (log) Risk Ratios (RRs) between alternate subpopulations (male vs. female; low vs. high Socioeconomic Status (SES); <65 vs. ≥65 years) was assessed. To investigate if interventions should be combined, uptake rates for single interventions were compared to uptake rates for combined interventions. Cochrane Collaboration tools were used to assess the risk of bias. Searches found 3,436 articles, with 32 meeting the inclusion criteria. These contained 30 trials that reported uptake rates within subpopulations and 17 trials that combined interventions. Most differences in intervention effects between subpopulations were nonsignificant. Combining interventions led to greater participation, RR = 1.06, confidence interval [1.03; 1.10]. As interventions rarely affect subpopulations differently, targeting them at specific subpopulations may be an ineffective strategy. While individual interventions show modest effects, these results indicate that future programs might overcome this by combining interventions together. Care is needed when selecting interventions to combine as adding some interventions (e.g., additional print materials) can reduce the effectiveness of a combined strategy. Future research should examine methods for effectively combining interventions in nationwide programs to maximize participation.

scholarly journals Correcting for Microbial Blooms in Fecal Samples during Room-Temperature Shipping

mSystems ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Amir ◽  
Daniel McDonald ◽  
Jose A. Navas-Molina ◽  
Justine Debelius ◽  
James T. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Room Temperature Storage ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Temperature Storage

ABSTRACT In many microbiome studies, the necessity to store samples at room temperature (i.e., remote fieldwork) and the ability to ship samples without hazardous materials that require special handling training, such as ethanol (i.e., citizen science efforts), is paramount. However, although room-temperature storage for a few days has been shown not to obscure physiologically relevant microbiome differences between comparison groups, there are still changes in specific bacterial taxa, notably, in members of the class Gammaproteobacteria, that can make microbiome profiles difficult to interpret. Here we identify the most problematic taxa and show that removing sequences from just a few fast-growing taxa is sufficient to correct microbiome profiles. The use of sterile swabs is a convenient and common way to collect microbiome samples, and many studies have shown that the effects of room-temperature storage are smaller than physiologically relevant differences between subjects. However, several bacterial taxa, notably members of the class Gammaproteobacteria, grow at room temperature, sometimes confusing microbiome results, particularly when stability is assumed. Although comparative benchmarking has shown that several preservation methods, including the use of 95% ethanol, fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and FTA cards, and Omnigene-GUT kits, reduce changes in taxon abundance during room-temperature storage, these techniques all have drawbacks and cannot be applied retrospectively to samples that have already been collected. Here we performed a meta-analysis using several different microbiome sample storage condition studies, showing consistent trends in which specific bacteria grew (i.e., “bloomed”) at room temperature, and introduce a procedure for removing the sequences that most distort analyses. In contrast to similarity-based clustering using operational taxonomic units (OTUs), we use a new technique called “Deblur” to identify the exact sequences corresponding to blooming taxa, greatly reducing false positives and also dramatically decreasing runtime. We show that applying this technique to samples collected for the American Gut Project (AGP), for which participants simply mail samples back without the use of ice packs or other preservatives, yields results consistent with published microbiome studies performed with frozen or otherwise preserved samples. IMPORTANCE In many microbiome studies, the necessity to store samples at room temperature (i.e., remote fieldwork) and the ability to ship samples without hazardous materials that require special handling training, such as ethanol (i.e., citizen science efforts), is paramount. However, although room-temperature storage for a few days has been shown not to obscure physiologically relevant microbiome differences between comparison groups, there are still changes in specific bacterial taxa, notably, in members of the class Gammaproteobacteria, that can make microbiome profiles difficult to interpret. Here we identify the most problematic taxa and show that removing sequences from just a few fast-growing taxa is sufficient to correct microbiome profiles.

scholarly journals Social Distancing and Economic Crisis During COVID-19 Pandemic Reduced Cancer Control in Latin America and Will Result in Increased Late-Stage Diagnoses and Expense

2021 ◽  
pp. 694-703
Author(s):  
Tabaré Vázquez Rosas ◽  
Eduardo Cazap ◽  
Lucía Delgado ◽  
Julia Ismael ◽  
Suyapa Bejarano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Impact

Since December 2019, the world has been mired in an infectious pandemic that has displaced other health priorities for 21st century populations. Concerned about this situation, Latin American experts on cancer decided to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on cancer control in the region. The analysis was based on information obtained from public sources and scientific publications and included the characteristics of the health care and cancer control prior to the pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic and measures implemented by the governments of the region, and the regional impact of the pandemic on cancer control together with the costs of cancer care and possible impact of the pandemic on cancer expense. We compared 2019 and 2020 data corresponding to the period March 16-June 30 and found a significant reduction in the number of first-time visits to oncology services (variable depending on the country between –28% and –38%) and a corresponding reduction in pathology (between –6% and –50%), cancer surgery (between –28% and –70%), and chemotherapy (between –2% and –54%). Furthermore, a significant reduction in cancer screening tests was found (PAP smear test studies: between –46% and –100%, mammography: between –32% and –100%, and fecal occult blood test: –73%). If this situation becomes a trend, the health and economic impact will be compounded in the postpandemic period, with an overload of demand on health services to ensure diagnostic tests and consequent treatments. On the basis of this information, a set of prevention and mitigation measures to be immediately implemented and also actions to progressively strengthen health systems are proposed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Transitioning From Guaiac-Fecal Occult Blood Testing to Fecal Immunochemical Testing in a Canadian Colon Cancer Screening Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Richard Sultanian ◽  
Lillian Du ◽  
Barbara Moysey ◽  
Amy Morse ◽  
Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Blood Testing ◽  
Fecal Immunochemical Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of transitioning from guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) to fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) on the detection rate of adenomas, advanced adenomas (AA) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Background Recently, the health region in Edmonton, Alberta switched from gFOBT to FIT for CRC screening. Study A retrospective analysis of all patients, aged 50 to 74 years, referred for colonoscopy from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014 due to a positive gFOBT (at least one of three samples positively using the guaiac-based Hemoccult II SENSA in 2013) or FIT (≥75 µg/g of stool, using the Polymedco OC FIT-CHEK in 2014). The primary outcomes were the number of colon cancers, AA and adenomas detected in 2013 and 2014. A comparison between the two tests was also made for the composite outcome of detection of either AA or CRC. Results Six hundred and forty-nine patients underwent colonoscopy due to a positive gFOBT in 2013, and 2167 patients for a positive FIT in 2014. FIT compared with gFOBT detected more CRC (67 compared with 34), AA (770 compared with 147) and adenomas (1575 versus 320). By multivariable regression analysis adjusted for different demographics and endoscopic metrics, positive FIT was independently associated with higher adenoma detection rate (odds ratio [OR] 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13 to 3.21, P < 0.001), AA detection rate (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.33, P < 0.001), and the composite outcome of AA and CRC (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.59, P < 0.001). Conclusions Adoption of FIT compared with gFOBT led to higher detection of colon cancer, AA and adenomas.

SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL CANCER USING THE FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST: AN ACTUARIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF A POPULATION-BASED SCREENING PROGRAM IN CANADA

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Villeneuve ◽  
Ann Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
The Impact

Objectives:A series of randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) using the fecal occult blood (FOB) test can decrease mortality from this disease. These findings were used to develop an actuarial model to estimate the impact that a FOB screening program for colorectal cancer would have on the Canadian population.Methods:The mortality experience of the year 2000 cohort of Canadians fifty to seventy-four years of age, with follow-up extending to 2010, was modelled according to three scenarios: no screening, annual screening, biennial screening. The primary screening tool was the FOB test using unrehydrated samples, with follow-up of positive test results using colonoscopy. The framework of the model was developed based on published findings from the relevant randomized controlled trials, available data, and a literature review that yielded parameter values for some model items.Results:During the 10-year follow-up of the cohort, we estimated that 4,444 and 2,827 deaths would be averted with annual and biennial FOB screening, respectively. We estimated that for an annual FOB screening program, approximately 3,400 FOB tests would be required to prevent one death, whereas 2,700 tests would be required within a biennial program.Conclusions:Our analysis documents the population health impact of using the FOB test to screen for CRC. Additional information on the natural history of the disease, and Canadian pilot data are needed to better model the effectiveness of population-based FOB screening programs.

scholarly journals Trueness, precision and stability of the LIAISON 1-84 parathyroid hormone (PTH) third-generation assay: comparison to existing intact PTH assays

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1476-1482
Author(s):  
Andre Valcour ◽  
Claudia Zierold ◽  
Frank A. Blocki ◽  
Douglas M. Hawkins ◽  
Kevin J. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Intact Pth ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract Background: Over the past few decades, parathyroid hormone (PTH) immunoassays have progressed through successive generations resulting in increased specificity and accuracy for detecting circulating PTH. With the introduction of third-generation assays, in which the biologically active PTH(1-84) is specifically targeted, the PTH(7-84) and other fragments are not detected. The specific recognition of only PTH(1-84) whole molecule allows for more reliable standardization and calibration than with the existing assays. Methods: Samples from patients on hemodialysis or with primary hyperparathyroidism and apparently healthy subjects were examined in different collection matrices (EDTA plasma, unspun EDTA plasma and SST) stored for 0, 24 or 72 h at room temperature to reflect the prevailing sample collection methods, shipping and processing conditions of centralized labs in the United States. Samples were analyzed by the LIAISON 1-84 PTH and N-TACT assays, and by three additional commercially available intact PTH assays. Results: Defined samples, prepared using two different standards (WHO 95/646 international standard and the synthetic Bachem PTH(1-84)), show little bias with the LIAISON 1-84 PTH assay, but not with the other intact PTH assays. Furthermore, PTH is stable for up to 72 h in plasma, but less stable in serum beyond 24 h. Conclusions: The FDA-approved LIAISON 1-84 PTH assay is accurate and reliably measures the biologically active PTH molecule in plasma or serum stored at room temperature for up 72 and 24 h, respectively.

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