scholarly journals Auxin is involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-promoted tomato growth and NADP-malic enzymes expression in continuous cropping substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Wenze Zhang ◽  
Weikang Liu ◽  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Wenxu Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tomato Growth

Abstract Background Despite significant limitations of growth medium reuse, a large amount of organic substrate is reused in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops in China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote nutrient absorption and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms governing the effects of AMF on crop growth in organic continuous cropping substrates have not been elucidated. Results In this study, we showed that the inoculation of AMF in continuous cropping substrates promoted growth and root development, and increased the root and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity of tomato seedlings. Root transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was highly enriched, and 109 genes that positively correlated with the AMF-inoculated plant phenotype were obtained by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which identified 9 genes related to indole acetic acid (IAA). Importantly, the levels of endogenous IAA in tomato seedlings significantly increased after AMF inoculation. Furthermore, the application of AMF significantly increased the expression levels of NADP-ME1 and NADP-ME2, as well as the activity of NADP-ME, and enhanced the root activity of tomato seedlings in comparison to that observed without inoculation of AMF. However, these effects were blocked in plants treated with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), a polar transport inhibitor of IAA. Conclusions These results suggest that IAA mediates the AMF-promoted tomato growth and expression of NADP-MEs in continuous cropping substrates. The study provides convincing evidence for the reuse of continuous cropping substrates by adding AMF as an amendment.

scholarly journals Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant irrigation with yield – forming factors in organic sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Halina Barbara Buczkowska ◽  
Andrzej Sałata
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Sensitivity of plants of the genus Capsicum to water deficiency is a great problem in the cultivation of sweet and hot pepper. It is becoming necessary to use plant irrigation during the growing season and to apply alternative methods that increase plant tolerance to water deficit. A large role in this regard is given to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which contribute to enhanced water supply to plants by increasing the absorptive area of the root system. The effects of AMF inoculation and irrigation of plants of a native sweet pepper cultivar, ‘Roberta F1’, on fruit yield and yield structure as well as on fruiting dynamics were determined in a study conducted over the period 2016–2018 in an organic farm located in south-eastern Poland. The highest total and marketable yield as well as the largest number of pepper fruits produced were obtained for pepper cultivation with simultaneous AMF inoculation and irrigation throughout the entire growing season. Yield and number of pepper fruits were affected to a greater extent by AMF colonization than by plant irrigation. Inoculation of plants with AMF at the transplant stage also beneficially affected earliness of fruiting. Moreover, AMF inoculation and irrigation of plants significantly reduced the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER).

Mycorrhizal inoculation mitigates damage from an intermediate, but not severe, frost event for a cool-season perennial bunchgrass

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Brian M. Connolly ◽  
Peter W. Guiden ◽  
John L. Orrock
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Cold Events ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Extreme cold events can damage plant tissues, altering growth and reproduction. Soil fungi may help plants tolerate environmental stressors, but the role these microbes play during episodes of severe cold warrants further examination. Using the bunchgrass Elymus canadensis L., we tested how inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi alters plant tolerance to freezing temperatures (tested at –8 °C and –16 °C). We found that, regardless of mycorrhizal inoculation, E. canadensis exposed to –16 °C exhibited greater tissue damage, less tiller growth, and fewer reproductive tillers than plants exposed to the control or –8 °C conditions. Plants exposed to –8 °C and –16 °C displayed greater levels of visible damage compared with the control plants. Mycorrhizae reduced damage to tillers in the –8 °C treatment, but had less effect on tiller damage in the control or –16 °C treatments. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi limited the tiller number for E. canadensis, but only at the control temperature, suggesting that mycorrhizae may impose costs on E. canadensis under benign thermal conditions. Our study demonstrates that extreme temperatures can affect multiple components of growth in E. canadensis, and that the costs and benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, where found, depend upon the thermal environment. Our findings reinforce the overarching importance of historically rare, but increasingly common, environmental extremes in shaping the growth of plants.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Interactions between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biotic Stressors of Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishui Yang ◽  
Yajun Dai ◽  
Xiaohua Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Liqun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Reciprocal Inhibition ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Naturally, simultaneous interactions occurred among plants, herbivores, and soil biota, that is, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nematodes, and fungal pathogens. These multiple interactions play fundamental roles in driving process, structure, and functioning of ecosystems. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis with 144 papers to investigate the interactions between AMF and plant biotic stressors and their effects on plant growth performance. We found that AMF enhanced plant tolerance to herbivores, nematodes, and fungal pathogens. We also found reciprocal inhibition between AMF and nematodes as well as fungal pathogens, but unidirectional inhibition for AMF on herbivores. Negative effects of AMF on biotic stressors of plants depended on herbivore feeding sites and actioning modes of fungal pathogens. More performance was reduced in root-feeding than in shoot-feeding herbivores and in rotting- than in wilt-fungal pathogens. However, no difference was found for AMF negative effects between migratory and sedentary nematodes. In return, nematodes and fungal pathogens generated more reduction of root colonization in Non-Glomeraceae than in Glomeraceae. Our results suggested that AMF positive effects on plants might be indirectly mediated by competitive inhibition with biotic stressors of plants. These positive and negative interactions make potential contributions to maintaining ecosystem stability and functioning.

scholarly journals (448) Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Tolerance of Rosa multiflora cv. Burr to Bicarbonate in Irrigation Water

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035B-1035
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Cartmill ◽  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Alejandro Alarcon ◽  
Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Elemental Uptake

Sustainable horticultural production will increasingly have to rely on economically feasible and environmentally sound solutions to problems associated with high levels of bicarbonate (HCO -3) and associated high pH in irrigation water. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; GlomusZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO3- was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose). Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized and noninoculated (non-AMF) plants were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mm HCO -3. Increasing HCO -3 concentration and associated high pH and electrical conductivity (EC) reduced plant growth, leaf elemental uptake and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO -3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 mm HCO3-), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 mm HCO3-). While AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO -3 concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO -3. At 2.5 mm HCO3-, AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 mm HCO3-, further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO3- stress.

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