scholarly journals Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant irrigation with yield – forming factors in organic sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Halina Barbara Buczkowska ◽  
Andrzej Sałata
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Sensitivity of plants of the genus Capsicum to water deficiency is a great problem in the cultivation of sweet and hot pepper. It is becoming necessary to use plant irrigation during the growing season and to apply alternative methods that increase plant tolerance to water deficit. A large role in this regard is given to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which contribute to enhanced water supply to plants by increasing the absorptive area of the root system. The effects of AMF inoculation and irrigation of plants of a native sweet pepper cultivar, ‘Roberta F1’, on fruit yield and yield structure as well as on fruiting dynamics were determined in a study conducted over the period 2016–2018 in an organic farm located in south-eastern Poland. The highest total and marketable yield as well as the largest number of pepper fruits produced were obtained for pepper cultivation with simultaneous AMF inoculation and irrigation throughout the entire growing season. Yield and number of pepper fruits were affected to a greater extent by AMF colonization than by plant irrigation. Inoculation of plants with AMF at the transplant stage also beneficially affected earliness of fruiting. Moreover, AMF inoculation and irrigation of plants significantly reduced the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER).

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculum and Phosphorus Treatment on Growth and Flowering of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) Plant

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Matej Vosnjak ◽  
Matevz Likar ◽  
Gregor Osterc
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of mycorrhizal inoculum in combination with different phosphorus treatments on growth and flowering parameters of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) plants was investigated in two growing seasons (2015 and 2016). Plants of the cultivar ‘Silver and Gold’ were transplanted into pots either with added mycorrhizal inoculum or without inoculum and assigned to four phosphorus treatments. Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed by evaluating the frequency of colonization, intensity of colonization and density of fungal structures (arbuscules, vesicles, coils and microsclerotia) in the roots. During the growing season, the content of plant available phosphorus in the soil was analyzed, and shoot length, number of shoots, number of inflorescences, number of flowers and flowering time were evaluated. Inoculated Ajania plants were successfully colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi. In the root segments, hyphae were mainly observed, as well as vesicles, coils, arbuscules and microsclerotia, but in lower density. The density of fungal structures did not differ among phosphorus treatments, but did differ between years, with a higher density of fungal structures in 2016. Mycorrhizal plants developed higher number of shoots in 2016, higher number of inflorescences, higher number of flowers, and they flowered longer compared to uninoculated plants.

scholarly journals Penekanan Perkembangan Penyakit Bercak Ungu pada Bawang Merah oleh Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Marlina Puspita Sari ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is known to improve the growth of shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) and strengthen the resistance of plants toward disease infection.  This research aimed to find out the roles of AMF in suppressing the development of purple blotch disease caused by  Alternaria sp. on shallot in Caturtunggal, Sleman, Yogyakarta.  Inoculation of AMF either on fertilization of N, P, K or without fertilization treatment resulted on higher plant height and number of leaves compared to those without AMF inoculation. The plant inoculated with AMF had lower purple blotch disease intensity and disease progression than control and fungicide treatment. The result showed that AMF, in addition to act as the bio-fertilizer, is a potential to be a biocontrol agent.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote the growth of plants in the mining associated clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziheng Song ◽  
Yinli Bi ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yunli Gong ◽  
Huihui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract It is urgent to restore the ecological function in open-pit mining areas on grassland in Eastern China. The open-pit mines have abundant of mining associated clay, which is desirable for using as a soil source for ecological restoration. The mining associated clay in Hulunbuir district, Inner Mongolia was selected and mixed with a sandy soil at a ratio of 1:1 (S_C soil). Also, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil functions were studied. The aboveground and underground biomass of maize in S_C soil was 1.49 and 2.41 times higher than that of clay soil, respectively. In the topsoil and S_C soil, the growth hormone (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK) levels of maize were higher than that of clay, while abscission acid (ABA) levels were lower. The inoculation with AMF could significantly improve the biomass of maize and enhance the stress resistance of plants. Through structural equation model (SEM) analyses, it was found that the soil type and AMF inoculation had the most direct impact on maize growth and biomass content. These finds extend our knowledge regarding a low-cost method for physical and biological improvement of mining associated clay, and to provide theoretical support for large-scale application in the future.

scholarly journals ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SEEDLING FORMATION OF BARBADOS CHERRY (Malpighia emarginata D.C.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
EDUARDO MENDONÇA PINHEIRO ◽  
CAMILA PINHEIRO NOBRE ◽  
THAYANNA VIEIRA COSTA ◽  
ORLANDO CARLOS HUERTAS TAVARES ◽  
JOSÉ RIBAMAR GUSMÃO ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Glomus Clarum ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Amf Inoculation

ABSTRACT The use of beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may favor both the growth phase and the stabilization of the seedlings after transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of different AMF species on the development of Barbados cherry seedlings from herbaceous and semi-hardwood cuttings. Softwood and semi-hardwood cuttings, previously rooted, were planted in 500 ml tubes filled with Plantmax® substrate and inoculated with three species of mycorrhizal fungi (Gigaspora margarita - Gimarg, Claroideoglomus etunicatum - Claetun and Glomus clarum - Glclar) isolated and combined (Gimarg + Claetun, Gimarg + Glclar, Claetun + Glclar and Gimarg + Claetun + Glclar). The statistical design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 2 x 8 (two types of cuttings and eight types of inoculation, including control without AMF inoculation) with ten replications. The seedlings were kept in a greenhouse for 100 days and height was measured every 15 days to determine the absolute and relative growth rate (AGR and RGR). At the end of the experiment the seedlings were sacrificed and determined height, fresh and dry shoot mass and root and mycorrhizal colonization rate. The results indicate potential for production of Malpighia emarginata D.C. seedlings inoculated with AMF with tendency to reduce the time for transplanting. The Gimarg + Claetun combination promoted higher rates of absolute growth and height of seedlings from herbaceous cuttings. The species Glomus clarum, isolated or associated with C. etunicatum, promoted higher colonization rates in herbaceous and semi-hardwood seedlings, respectively.

scholarly journals Role of Melatonin in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Induced Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Qi Mao ◽  
Yaru Yan ◽  
Meijuan Wu ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that confers tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of melatonin in plant response to Fusarium oxysporum and the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remain unclear. Here we show that exogenous melatonin application promoted the AMF colonization rate in cucumber roots, which potentially suppressed Fusarium wilt as evidenced by a decreased disease index and an increased control effect. Leaf gas exchange analysis revealed that Fusarium inoculation significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr). Intriguingly, either melatonin application or AMF inoculation significantly increased the Pn, Gs, Tr, and dry biomass, and their combined treatment showed a more profound effect under Fusarium stress. Further analysis showed that Fusarium induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Conversely, either melatonin or AMF drastically attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage in Fusarium-inoculated plants, and their combined treatment caused a further decrease. Fusarium inoculation decreased the activity and transcripts of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, and the content of glutathione and proline. Besides, the activity and transcripts of peroxidase and catalase, the content of phenols and flavonoids increased after Fusarium infection. Importantly, melatonin and/or AMF significantly increased those parameters with the greatest effect with their combined treatment under Fusarium stress. Our results suggest that a positive collaboration between melatonin and AMF enhances resistance to Fusarium wilt in cucumber plants.

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