scholarly journals Development of molecular markers based on the promoter difference of LcFT1 to discriminate easy- and difficult-flowering litchi germplasm resources and its application in crossbreeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ding ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
Jinying Wang ◽  
Hongxiang Peng ◽  
Houbin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subtropical Fruit ◽  
Grafting Experiment

Abstract Background Litchi is a well-known subtropical fruit crop. However, irregular bearing attributed to unstable flowering is a major ongoing problem for the development of the litchi industry. In a previous study, our laboratory proved that litchi flowering was induced by low temperature and that a FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologue gene named LcFT1 played a pivotal role in this process. The present study aimed to understand the natural variation in FT among litchi germplasm resources and designed markers to verify easy- and difficult-flowering litchi germplasms. A grafting experiment was also carried out to explore whether it could shorten the seedling stage of litchi seedlings. Results Two types of LcFT1 promoter existed in different litchi germplasm resources, and we named them the ‘easy-flowering type of LcFT1 promoter’ and ‘difficult-flowering type of LcFT1 promoter’, which resulted in three different LcFT1 genotypes of litchi germplasm resources, including the homozygous easy-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype, homozygous difficult-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype and heterozygous LcFT1 genotype of litchi germplasm resources. The homozygous easy-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype and heterozygous LcFT1 genotype of the litchi germplasm resources completed their floral induction more easily than the homozygous difficult-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype of litchi germplasm resources. Herein, we designed two kinds of efficient molecular markers based on the difference in LcFT1 promoter sequences and applied them to identify of the easy- and difficult-flowering litchi germplasm resources. These two kinds of molecular markers were capable of clearly distinguishing the easy- from difficult-flowering litchi germplasm resources at the seedling stage and provided the same results. Meanwhile, grafting the scion of seedlings to the annual branches of adult litchi trees could significantly shorten the seedling stage. Conclusions Understanding the flowering characteristics of litchi germplasm resources is essential for easy-flowering litchi breeding. In the present study, molecular markers provide a rapid and accurate approach for identifying the flowering characteristics. The application of these molecular markers not only significantly shortened the artificial crossbreeding cycle of easy-flowering litchi cultivars but also greatly saved manpower, material resources and land.

A COMPARISON OF MCP AND 2,4-D FOR THE CONTROL OF ANNUAL WEEDS IN GRAIN CROPS

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
D. R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Oats, flax and barley were sprayed with various formulations of MCP (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at a number of Experimental Farms in Western Canada in 1954 and 1955. Each formulation was applied at 4 and 8 ounces of acid equivalent per acre at each of two dates, viz., Date 1, when the weeds were in the seedling stage less than 3 inches in height; and Date 2, at a stage coinciding with the first appearance of buds on the major weed species.Stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense, L.), wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler), lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.), Russian pigweed (Axyris amarantoides L.), and ball mustard (Neslia paniculata L.), were effectively controlled by each of the MCP and 2,4-D formulations used. Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.), and red-root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), were not satisfactorily controlled by MCP, whereas hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) was not controlled by 2,4-D. Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was not controlled by any of the treatments. Each treatment was more effective when applied during the seedling stage of the weeds.On the basis of wood control and yield of grain the results of this study favour the use of MCP over 2,4-D with either oats or flax. Oats was significantly more tolerant to MCP, particularly if treated during the early growth stages when weed competition was most critical. With flax, the difference in tolerance was most pronounced in favour of MCP at the later date of treatment. The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities, lowered the yields of both oats and flax and delayed the maturity of flax significantly. Barley yields in this study were not adversely affected by any of the treatments.

scholarly journals Functional divergence between soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologues FT2a and FT5a in post-flowering stem growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (15) ◽  
pp. 3941-3953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoma Takeshima ◽  
Haiyang Nan ◽  
Kohei Harigai ◽  
Lidong Dong ◽  
Jianghui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Induction ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Bzip Protein ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
Flowering Locus

Abstract Genes in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) family integrate external and internal signals to control various aspects of plant development. In soybean (Glycine max), FT2a and FT5a play a major role in floral induction, but their roles in post-flowering reproductive development remain undetermined. Ectopic overexpression analyses revealed that FT2a and FT5a similarly induced flowering, but FT5a was markedly more effective than FT2a for the post-flowering termination of stem growth. The down-regulation of Dt1, a soybean orthologue of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1, in shoot apices in early growing stages of FT5a-overexpressing plants was concomitant with highly up-regulated expression of APETALA1 orthologues. The Dt2 gene, a repressor of Dt1, was up-regulated similarly by the overexpression of FT2a and FT5a, suggesting that it was not involved in the control of stem termination by FT5a. In addition to the previously reported interaction with FDL19, a homologue of the Arabidopsis bZIP protein FD, both FT2a and FT5a interacted with FDL12, but only FT5a interacted with FDL06. Our results suggest that FT2a and FT5a have different functions in the control of post-flowering stem growth. A specific interaction of FT5a with FDL06 may play a key role in determining post-flowering stem growth in soybean.

Study on Biological Materials with Genetic Diversity of Bupleurum marginatum in Northwest of Hubei Province of China Base on ISSR

2013 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
pp. 463-468
Author(s):  
Shi Ming Du ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yi Mei Liu ◽  
Fang Ye ◽  
Rong Jin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Issr Molecular Markers

To analyze the genetic diversity of Bupleurum marginatum growing in northwest area of Hubei province of china,and provide the molecular identification method for Bupleurum marginatum and basis for its exploitation and utilization. ISSR Molecular markers were used to analyse the genetic relationship between Bupleurum species in northwest area of Hubei province (NAHP) and the Bupleurum chinense DC.. 12 samples of Bupleurum marginatum were amplified to 81 ISSR bands and there were 42 polymorphic bands, the rate of polymorphic bands was 51.9%. 12 samples of Bupleurum marginatum were clustered into one group, two samples of Bupleurum chinense DC. were clustered into another group. The biodiversity and germplasm resources of Bupleurum marginatum in NAHP is abundant and it is beneficial for the development of Bupleurum marginatum. The method of ISSR marker can significantly distinguish Bupleurum marginatum from its closely related species as the molecular features of the species identification and provide basis for distinguishing different germplasm.

scholarly journals Rootstock Affects Floral Induction in Citrus Engaging the Expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Stefania Bennici ◽  
Giuseppina Las Casas ◽  
Gaetano Distefano ◽  
Alessandra Gentile ◽  
Giuseppe Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Induction ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inductive Period ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

In Citrus, flower induction represents the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. The regulation of flower induction is mainly triggered by exposure to low temperatures and water-deficit stress, which activates the signaling cascade leading to an increased expression of the citrus orthologs of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT). In this study, the relationship between rootstock and flower induction under Mediterranean field conditions was investigated by monitoring the expression levels of the floral promoter CiFT2 in leaves of the pigmented sweet orange “Tarocco Scirè” grafted onto “C35” citrange and “Swingle” citrumelo rootstocks. The latter two are known to confer, respectively, high and low yield efficiency to the scion. In both rootstock/scion combinations, CiFT2 showed a seasonal expression with a peak during the inductive period in January triggered by cold temperature. The “Tarocco Scirè”/”C35” citrange combination showed the highest expression levels for CiFT2; this increased expression was correlated with yield and a higher number of flowers in the following spring, suggesting a significant effect of rootstocks on flower induction mediated by the overexpression of the CiFT2 gene.

Assessment of genetic diversity in glandless cotton germplasm resources by using agronomic traits and molecular markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikun Li ◽  
Xingfen Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Guiyin Zhang ◽  
Liqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Glandless Cotton

scholarly journals Different molecular markers to identify the fertility of sugar beet monogerm germplasm resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoqi Shi ◽  
Zhi Pi ◽  
Zedong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Abstract Experiments were conducted to validate different molecular markers associated with sugar beet breeding using available sugar beet monogerm germplasm resources to explore their effectiveness in different sugar beet populations. We used multiple primer pairs to amplify sugar beet monogerm sterile and maintainer lines in order to verify their polymorphism. For the nucleus Rf1 locus genotype enzyme digestion was also required to verify. The results showed that three pairs of primers, TR1, s17 and 11E8M4S, produced polymorphism when amplifying sugar beet sterile and maintainer lines; primers o7 and AB-18, although polymorphic, did not correlate significantly with sugar beet fertility; primer cpSSR-2 did not produce significant band differences when amplifying sterile and maintainer lines, however, the number of single nucleotide sequence repeats of base A needed to be further verified as a basis for differentiating sugar beet fertility. The polymorphism of 15 pairs of primers related to sugar beet fertility identification was verified and TR1, s17 and 11E8M4S could be used to differentiate sugar beet sterile lines from the maintainer lines and used for subsequent Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS).

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