scholarly journals Screening for subjective cognitive decline in the elderly via subjective cognitive complaints and informant-reported questionnaires: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Wasef ◽  
Isabelle Laksono ◽  
Paras Kapoor ◽  
David Tang-Wei ◽  
David Gold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract Background Subjective cognitive decline may represent at-risk persons progressing to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which can be exacerbated by effects of anesthesia and surgery. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the most common questions in subjective cognitive complaint and informant-reported questionnaires used in assessing cognitive impairment of elderly patients that are correlated with standardized tests for cognitive impairment screening. Methods We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database, Emcare Nursing, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.Gov, and ICTRP between September 20, 2005 to August 31, 2020. We included studies that evaluated subjective cognitive complaints and informant-reported questions in elderly patients. Results and conclusion A total of 28,407 patients were included from 22 studies that assessed 21 subjective complaint questionnaires and nine informant-reported questionnaires. The most common subjective cognitive complaints were those assessing anterograde memory, closely followed by perceptual-motor function and executive function. The most common informant-reported questions were those assessing executive function, temporal orientation, and anterograde memory. Questions assessing learning and memory were most associated with results from standardized tests assessing cognitive impairment. Assessing learning and memory plays a key role in evaluating subjective cognitive decline in elderly patients. Delivering subjective cognitive complaints questions to elderly patient preoperatively may aid in screening for those exhibiting cognitive signs, and in turn are at risk of postoperative complications. Thus, the results from this review contribute to knowledge for healthcare professionals regarding the use of subjective cognitive complaints and informant-reported complaints in preoperative settings.

Subjective Memory Complaints and Conversion to Dementia in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Lehrner ◽  
Bettina Bodendorfer ◽  
Claus Lamm ◽  
Doris Moser ◽  
Peter Dal-Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Testing ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract. Background: Subjective cognitive complaints and their clinical significance are discussed controversially. Objectives: To determine the clinical validity of subjective cognitive complaints among subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: Longitudinal study with one follow up examination at a University based out-patient memory clinic. Participants: A clinical sample of patietns with SCD and MCI (n = 141), aged 50 and older, who came to the memory outpatient clinic. Results: No significant differences between converters and non converters regarding subjective cognitive complaints were detected. MCI patients had a higher risk than the patients with SCD developing AD (OR = 7.3 [CI 0.9 to 61.2]. Verbal memory testing using the Verbal Selektive Reminding Test (VSRT) showed better diagnostic validity than subjective cognitive complaints using the Forgetfulness Assessment Inventory (FAI) in predicting conversion to dementia. Conclusion: Verbal memory testing was superior in predicting conversion to dementia compared to subjective cognitive complaints.

scholarly journals Protocols for cognitive enhancement. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 5 of 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brioschi Guevara ◽  
Melanie Bieler ◽  
Daniele Altomare ◽  
Marcelo Berthier ◽  
Chantal Csajka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Strategic Learning

AbstractCognitive complaints in the absence of objective cognitive impairment, observed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are common in old age. The first step to postpone cognitive decline is to use techniques known to improve cognition, i.e., cognitive enhancement techniques.We aimed to provide clinical recommendations to improve cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals, by using cognitive, mental, or physical training (CMPT), non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), drugs, or nutrients. We made a systematic review of CMPT studies based on the GRADE method rating the strength of evidence.CMPT have clinically relevant effects on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. The quality of evidence supporting the improvement of outcomes following a CMPT was high for metamemory; moderate for executive functions, attention, global cognition, and generalization in daily life; and low for objective memory, subjective memory, motivation, mood, and quality of life, as well as a transfer to other cognitive functions. Regarding specific interventions, CMPT based on repeated practice (e.g., video games or mindfulness, but not physical training) improved attention and executive functions significantly, while CMPT based on strategic learning significantly improved objective memory.We found encouraging evidence supporting the potential effect of NIBS in improving memory performance, and reducing the perception of self-perceived memory decline in SCD. Yet, the high heterogeneity of stimulation protocols in the different studies prevent the issuing of clear-cut recommendations for implementation in a clinical setting. No conclusive argument was found to recommend any of the main pharmacological cognitive enhancement drugs (“smart drugs”, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antidepressant) or herbal extracts (Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba, and Bacopa monnieri) in people without cognitive impairment.Altogether, this systematic review provides evidence for CMPT to improve cognition, encouraging results for NIBS although more studies are needed, while it does not support the use of drugs or nutrients.

scholarly journals Does Empirically Derived Classification of Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Complaints Predict Dementia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Picón ◽  
Juncos-Rabadán ◽  
Lojo-Seoane ◽  
Campos-Magdaleno ◽  
Mallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Multiple Domain ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

(1) Background: Early identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in people reporting subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and the study of progression of cognitive decline are important issues in dementia research. This paper examines whether empirically derived procedures predict progression from MCI to dementia. (2) Methods: At baseline, 192 participants with SCC were diagnosed according to clinical criteria as cognitively unimpaired (70), single-domain amnestic MCI (65), multiple-domain amnestic MCI (33) and multiple-domain non-amnestic MCI (24). A two-stage hierarchical cluster analysis was performed for empirical classification. Categorical regression analysis was then used to assess the predictive value of the clusters obtained. Participants were re-assessed after 36 months. (3) Results: Participants were grouped into four empirically derived clusters: Cluster 1, similar to multiple-domain amnestic MCI; Cluster 2, characterized by subjective cognitive decline (SCD) but with low scores in language and working memory; Cluster 3, with specific deterioration in episodic memory, similar to single-domain amnestic MCI; and Cluster 4, with SCD but with scores above the mean in all domains. The majority of participants who progressed to dementia were included in Cluster 1. (4) Conclusions: Cluster analysis differentiated between MCI and SCD in a sample of people with SCC and empirical criteria were more closely associated with progression to dementia than standard criteria.

scholarly journals Severity of Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Worries in Older Adults Are Associated With Cerebral Amyloid-β Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Schwarz ◽  
Catharina Lange ◽  
Gloria S. Benson ◽  
Nora Horn ◽  
Katharina Wurdack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid ◽  
State Worry ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered an early risk stage for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the development of pathological brain changes, such as the aggregation of amyloid-beta (amyloid-β) plaques. This study evaluates the association between specific features of SCD and cerebral amyloid-β load measured by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-florbetaben in 40 cognitively normal older individuals. Global amyloid-β, as well as regional amyloid-β load for the frontal, temporal, parietal, and cingulate cortex, was quantified. Specific features of SCD, such as subjective cognitive complaints and worry, were assessed using the 39-item Everyday Cognition Scales and the 16-item Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Spearman's rank partial correlation analyses, adjusted for age and apolipoprotein E ε4 status, were conducted to test the associations between specific features of SCD and cerebral amyloid-β load. The severity of subjective cognitive complaints in everyday memory and organization was positively correlated with amyloid-β load in the frontal cortex. In addition, the severity of subjective cognitive complaints in everyday planning was positively correlated with amyloid-β load in the parietal cortex. Higher levels of worry were associated with higher amyloid-β load in the frontal cortex. After correction of the PET data for partial volume effects, these associations were reduced to trend level. In conclusion, the severity of subjective cognitive complaints and the level of trait worry were positively associated with cortical amyloid-β burden, particularly in the frontal and parietal cortex. Further studies are required to elucidate the direction of these associations in order to develop strategies to prevent amyloid deposition and cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive decline as a predictor of future cognitive decline: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolevich Parfenov ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Zakharov ◽  
Anastasia Romanovna Kabaeva ◽  
Natalya Vasilyevna Vakhnina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACT. Over 44 million people suffer from dementia around the world. Researchers estimated that there will be 48.1 million people with dementia by 2020 and 90.3 million by 2040. In addition to dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) relate to cognitive impairment. It has been established that MCI precedes dementia, however the significance of SCD is still unclear. Recent studies suggest that SCD could be a risk factor for objective cognitive impairment. SCD is defined as а self-estimated decline in cognitive capacity in comparison to an individual’s previous level of functioning, which cannot be determined by neuropsychological tests. Objectives: To perform a systematic review of prospective longitudinal cohort studies that assessed the risk of MCI and dementia among people with SCD. Methods: A search was carried out for all available peer-reviewed articles in English related to SCD in PubMed and PsychINFO databases from database initiation through January 2020. The keywords used for the search were ‘subjective cognitive (or memory) impairment (or decline or complaints)’. Three authors separately determined the inclusion or exclusion of all articles retrieved for full-text evaluation. Results: The chance of progression to dementia in the SCD group was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.53‒3.07; p<0.05) compared to normal aging. Furthermore, the SCD group was 2.15 times more likely to progress to MCI than the group without SCD (95%CI 1.39‒3.30; p=0.005). Conclusions: SCD might precede cognitive impairment, however, more detailed longitudinal studies should be conducted.

Association of Subjective Cognitive Decline with Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Longitudinal Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
X.-T. Wang ◽  
Z.-T. Wang ◽  
H.-Y. Hu ◽  
Y. Qu ◽  
M. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Fold Excess

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as an early pathological manifestation of brain aging has become more prevalent among older adults. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the associations of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with the combined risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Design: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis via searching Embase, PubMed and Cochrane electronic databases from January 1 st 1970 to June 4th, 2020. Setting: Prospective cohort studies Participants: Healthy individuals were recruited from community, clinics and population. Measurements: Healthy individuals with SCD were classified into exposure groups, while those without were considered as the reference group. Adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated in a random-effects model. Both primary and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results: Of 28,895 identified studies, 21 studies containing 22 cohorts were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. SCD increased the risk of subsequent cognitive disorders (RR=2.12, 95% confidence intervals [CI] =1.75-2.58, I2=87%, P<0.01). To be specific, SCD conferred a 2.29-fold excess risk for cognitive impairment (RR=2.29, 95% CI=1.66-3.17, I2=83%, P<0.01) and a 2.16-fold excess risk for dementia (RR=2.16, 95% CI=1.63-2.86, I2=81%, P<0.01). In subgroup analyses, participants with SCD in the subgroup of 65-75 years old, long-education (>15 years) subgroup and subgroup of clinics showed a higher risk of developing objective cognitive disorders. Conclusions: SCD is associated with an increased combined risk of cognitive impairment and incident dementia and should be considered a risk factor for objective cognitive disorders.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONALITY BETWEEN COGNITION AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: A LONGITUDINAL CROSS-LAGGED PANEL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S166-S166
Author(s):  
Randolph Chan ◽  
Jennifer Y M Tang ◽  
Tianyin Liu ◽  
Gloria H Y Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Function ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Abstract Background and Objectives: The relationship between objective and subjective cognitive function and depressive symptoms is complex and potentially multidirectional. This longitudinal prospective study examined the directionality of their relationship among a community sample of older people with no known diagnosis or treatment for dementia or depression. Research Design and Methods: We examined the temporal relationship between objective cognitive functioning, subjective cognitive complaints, and depressive symptoms in 1,814 community-dwelling older people at baseline and one-year follow-up using regression and two-wave cross-lagged panel analyses, after controlling for demographic and health confounders. Results: Cross-lagged analysis showed that depressive symptoms at follow-up were directly predicted by baseline subjective cognitive complaints, but not baseline objective cognitive functioning. The effect differed across objective cognitive functioning levels. In people with clinically significant cognitive impairment at baseline, objective cognitive decline but not baseline subjective cognitive complaints predicted depressive symptoms. In people with mild objective cognitive impairment at baseline, baseline subjective complaints but not objective cognitive decline predicted depressive symptoms. Discussion and Implications: The effects of objective and subjective cognitive decline on depressive symptoms varied across older people with different levels of cognitive impairment. Awareness and insight of one’s cognitive status may contribute to the development/progression in depressive symptom in people with mild cognitive impairment. Mechanisms unrelated to appraisal may be involved in increased depressive symptoms among older persons with significant objective cognitive impairment.

HMPAO-SPECT Can Discriminate between Patients with Subjective Cognitive Complaints with and without Cognitive Deficits and those with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rossini ◽  
H. Zauner ◽  
J. Bergmann ◽  
M. Kronbichler ◽  
I. Spindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Hmpao Spect ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Background: Growing evidence suggests that pathological processes leading to Alzheimer’s disease occurs gradually and begins to develop decades before the earliest clinical symptoms occur. The use of biomarkers has been proposed to detect evidence of preclinical Alzheimer’s pathologic change in asymptomatic subjects. Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) i.e. self-reported cognitive decline with normal cognition have been reported as an indicator of future cognitive decline, however, this condition is unspecific. Objective: In the present study we used the regional brain perfusion measured by HMPAO-SPECT as Biomarker of neurodegeneration to compare the regional brain perfusion of patient with subjective cognitive complaints with and without minimal cognitive dysfunction (SCC+ and SCC- respectively) in respect to patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We retrospectively examined 736 Patients who referred to our Memory Clinic because of suspected cognitive dysfunction. After exclusion of patients with overt dementia, automated, quantitatively assessed relative cerebral blood flow of 10 forebrain regions (thalamus, parietotemporal, medial temporal, posterior temporal, posterior cingulate gyrus, each region left hemispheric and right hemispheric) and neuropsychological assessment of 64 SCC (32 SCC+; 32 SCC-) and 28 MCI subjects were analysed. Results: The most relevant differences between groups in cognitive performance concerned verbal memory. Left hemispheric medial temporal region could significantly discriminate between all three groups, with a progressive decrease n perfusion from SCC towards MCI. Area under the curve of left medial temporal region showed a sensitivity of 0,61 and a specificity of 0,78 for discriminating MCI from SCC. Conclusion: Automated analysis of HMPAO-SPECT data of MCI and SCC+ patients showed significant perfusion differences in medial temporal region and impaired verbal memory, both of which are known features of Alzheimer’s disease. Perfusion patterns and verbal memory performance in SCC+ are more similar to MCI than SCC-. : Thus, SPECT analysis could distinguish those subjects whose perfusion pattern resembles that of an MCI from those who do not. In our opinion, this could identify two populations with a different risk of progression to AD, with SCC+ subjects needing further diagnostic examination and repeated follow-up.

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