Association of Subjective Cognitive Decline with Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Longitudinal Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
X.-T. Wang ◽  
Z.-T. Wang ◽  
H.-Y. Hu ◽  
Y. Qu ◽  
M. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Fold Excess

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as an early pathological manifestation of brain aging has become more prevalent among older adults. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the associations of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with the combined risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Design: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis via searching Embase, PubMed and Cochrane electronic databases from January 1 st 1970 to June 4th, 2020. Setting: Prospective cohort studies Participants: Healthy individuals were recruited from community, clinics and population. Measurements: Healthy individuals with SCD were classified into exposure groups, while those without were considered as the reference group. Adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated in a random-effects model. Both primary and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results: Of 28,895 identified studies, 21 studies containing 22 cohorts were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. SCD increased the risk of subsequent cognitive disorders (RR=2.12, 95% confidence intervals [CI] =1.75-2.58, I2=87%, P<0.01). To be specific, SCD conferred a 2.29-fold excess risk for cognitive impairment (RR=2.29, 95% CI=1.66-3.17, I2=83%, P<0.01) and a 2.16-fold excess risk for dementia (RR=2.16, 95% CI=1.63-2.86, I2=81%, P<0.01). In subgroup analyses, participants with SCD in the subgroup of 65-75 years old, long-education (>15 years) subgroup and subgroup of clinics showed a higher risk of developing objective cognitive disorders. Conclusions: SCD is associated with an increased combined risk of cognitive impairment and incident dementia and should be considered a risk factor for objective cognitive disorders.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of technology-based interventions in detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045978
Author(s):  
Jordi Martínez-Soldevila ◽  
Roland Pastells-Peiró ◽  
Carolina Climent-Sanz ◽  
Gerard Piñol-Ripoll ◽  
Mariona Rocaspana-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThe gradual changes over the decades in the longevity and ageing of European society as a whole can be directly related to the prolonged decline in the birth rate and increase in the life expectancy. According to the WHO, there is an increased risk of dementia or other cognitive disorders as the population ages, which have a major impact on public health. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is described as a greater than expected cognitive decline for an individual’s age and level of education, but that does not significantly interfere with activities of daily living. Patients with MCI exhibit a higher risk of dementia compared with others in the same age group, but without a cognitive decline, have impaired walking and a 50% greater risk of falling.The urban lifestyle and advent of smartphones, mobility and immediate access to all information via the internet, including health information, has led to a totally disruptive change in most general aspects.This systematic review protocol is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in the detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI.Methods and analysisThis review protocol follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols reporting guidelines. The search will be performed on MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2020. Studies of interventions either randomised clinical trials or pre–post non-randomised quasi-experimental designs, published in English and Spanish will be included. Articles that provide relevant information on the use of technology and its effectiveness in interventions that assess improvements in early detection, prevention, follow-up and treatment of the patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI will be included.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval not required. The results will be disseminated in publications and congresses.

scholarly journals Protocols for cognitive enhancement. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 5 of 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brioschi Guevara ◽  
Melanie Bieler ◽  
Daniele Altomare ◽  
Marcelo Berthier ◽  
Chantal Csajka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Strategic Learning

AbstractCognitive complaints in the absence of objective cognitive impairment, observed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are common in old age. The first step to postpone cognitive decline is to use techniques known to improve cognition, i.e., cognitive enhancement techniques.We aimed to provide clinical recommendations to improve cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals, by using cognitive, mental, or physical training (CMPT), non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), drugs, or nutrients. We made a systematic review of CMPT studies based on the GRADE method rating the strength of evidence.CMPT have clinically relevant effects on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. The quality of evidence supporting the improvement of outcomes following a CMPT was high for metamemory; moderate for executive functions, attention, global cognition, and generalization in daily life; and low for objective memory, subjective memory, motivation, mood, and quality of life, as well as a transfer to other cognitive functions. Regarding specific interventions, CMPT based on repeated practice (e.g., video games or mindfulness, but not physical training) improved attention and executive functions significantly, while CMPT based on strategic learning significantly improved objective memory.We found encouraging evidence supporting the potential effect of NIBS in improving memory performance, and reducing the perception of self-perceived memory decline in SCD. Yet, the high heterogeneity of stimulation protocols in the different studies prevent the issuing of clear-cut recommendations for implementation in a clinical setting. No conclusive argument was found to recommend any of the main pharmacological cognitive enhancement drugs (“smart drugs”, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antidepressant) or herbal extracts (Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba, and Bacopa monnieri) in people without cognitive impairment.Altogether, this systematic review provides evidence for CMPT to improve cognition, encouraging results for NIBS although more studies are needed, while it does not support the use of drugs or nutrients.

scholarly journals Probiotics treatment improves cognitive impairment in patients and animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Lv ◽  
Mengfei Ye ◽  
Fangyi Luo ◽  
Baiqi Hu ◽  
Anzhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe gut–brain axis has received considerable attention in recent years, and the “psychobiotics” concept indicates that probiotics have a potential positive effect on cognitive function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influence of probiotics on cognitive function. We conducted a random-e?ects meta-analysis of 7 controlled clinical trials and 11 animals studies to evaluate the e?ects of probiotics on cognitive function. Probiotics supplementation enhanced cognitive function in both human (0.24 [0.05–0.42]; I2 = 0%) and animal studies (0.90 [0.47–1.34]; I2 = 74%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of probiotics on cognitively impaired individuals (0.25 [0.05–0.45]; I2 = 0%) were greater than those on healthy ones (0.15 [−0.30 to 0.60]; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, compared with a multiple-probiotic supplement, one strain of probiotic was more effective in humans. The meta-analysis provided some suggestions for probiotics intervention and tended to support a customized approach for different individuals to ameliorate cognitive disorders. Future additional clinical trials are necessary to evaluate therapeutic effect and influencing factors.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive decline as a predictor of future cognitive decline: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolevich Parfenov ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Zakharov ◽  
Anastasia Romanovna Kabaeva ◽  
Natalya Vasilyevna Vakhnina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACT. Over 44 million people suffer from dementia around the world. Researchers estimated that there will be 48.1 million people with dementia by 2020 and 90.3 million by 2040. In addition to dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) relate to cognitive impairment. It has been established that MCI precedes dementia, however the significance of SCD is still unclear. Recent studies suggest that SCD could be a risk factor for objective cognitive impairment. SCD is defined as а self-estimated decline in cognitive capacity in comparison to an individual’s previous level of functioning, which cannot be determined by neuropsychological tests. Objectives: To perform a systematic review of prospective longitudinal cohort studies that assessed the risk of MCI and dementia among people with SCD. Methods: A search was carried out for all available peer-reviewed articles in English related to SCD in PubMed and PsychINFO databases from database initiation through January 2020. The keywords used for the search were ‘subjective cognitive (or memory) impairment (or decline or complaints)’. Three authors separately determined the inclusion or exclusion of all articles retrieved for full-text evaluation. Results: The chance of progression to dementia in the SCD group was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.53‒3.07; p<0.05) compared to normal aging. Furthermore, the SCD group was 2.15 times more likely to progress to MCI than the group without SCD (95%CI 1.39‒3.30; p=0.005). Conclusions: SCD might precede cognitive impairment, however, more detailed longitudinal studies should be conducted.

scholarly journals Effect of Tai Chi on Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Renjun Gu ◽  
Yujia Gao ◽  
Chunbing Zhang ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Zhiguang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating

Background. Cognitive decline occurs in all persons during the aging process and drugs can only alleviate symptoms and are expensive. Some researches demonstrated that Tai Chi had potential in preventing cognitive decline while others’ results showed Tai Chi had no influence on cognitive impairment. Therefore, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of cognitive impairment patients practicing Tai Chi. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo (Ovid), CKNI, Wan Fang, VIP, SinoMed, and ClinicalTrails, from their inception to 1 July 2020 to collect randomized controlled trials about practicing Tai Chi for patients with cognitive impairment. Primary outcomes included changes of cognitive function and secondary outcomes included changes of memory functions. Data were extracted by two independent individuals and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 was applied for the included studies. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results. The results included 827 cases in 9 studies, of which 375 were in the experimental group and 452 were in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that Mini-Mental State Examination WMD = 1.52, 95% CI [0.90, 2.14]; Montreal Cognitive Assessment WMD = 3.5, 95% CI [0.76, 6.24]; Clinical Dementia Rating WMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.29]; logical memory delayed recall WMD = 1.1, 95% CI [0.04, 2.16]; digit span forward WMD = 0.53, 95% CI [−0.65, 1.71]; and digit span backward WMD = −0.1, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.19]. No adverse events were reported in the included articles. Conclusion. There is limited evidence to support that practicing Tai Chi is effective for older adults with cognitive impairment. Tai Chi seems to be a safe exercise, which can bring better changes in cognitive function score.

scholarly journals Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Preliminary Recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette M. Smart ◽  
◽  
Justin E. Karr ◽  
Corson N. Areshenkoff ◽  
Laura A. Rabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of interventions for subjective cognitive decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Roheger ◽  
Xenia‐Serena Hennersdorf ◽  
Steffen Riemann ◽  
Agnes Flöel ◽  
Marcus Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Gender-specific design and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions against cognitive decline and dementia–protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256826
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Zuelke ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
Felix Wittmann ◽  
Alexander Pabst ◽  
Susanne Roehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Gender Specific

Introduction Dementia is a public health priority with projected increases in the number of people living with dementia worldwide. Prevention constitutes a promising strategy to counter the dementia epidemic, and an increasing number of lifestyle interventions has been launched aiming at reducing risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Gender differences regarding various modifiable risk factors for dementia have been reported, however, evidence on gender-specific design and effectiveness of lifestyle trials is lacking. Therefore, we aim to systematically review evidence on gender-specific design and effectiveness of trials targeting cognitive decline and dementia. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases MEDLINE (PubMed interface), PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and ALOIS will be searched for eligible studies using a predefined strategy, complemented by searches in clinical trials registers and Google for grey literature. Studies assessing cognitive function (overall measure or specific subdomains) as outcome in dementia-free adults will be included, with analyses stratified by level of cognitive functioning at baseline: a) cognitively healthy b) subjective cognitive decline 3) mild cognitive impairment. Two reviewers will independently evaluate eligible studies, extract data and determine methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)-criteria. If sufficient data with regards to quality and quantity are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval will be required as no primary data will be collected. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021235281.

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