scholarly journals Three-dimensional visualization improves the endoscopic diagnosis of superficial gastric neoplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Higuchi ◽  
Mitsuru Kaise ◽  
Hiroto Noda ◽  
Kumiko Kirita ◽  
Eriko Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flexible Endoscopy ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Gastric Neoplasia ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Tumor Extent

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) technology has been used in many fields, including flexible endoscopy. We evaluated the usefulness of 3D visualization for endoscopically diagnosing superficial gastric neoplasia. Methods Twelve participants (4 novices, 4 trainees and 4 experts) evaluated two-dimensional (2D) and 3D endoscopic still images of 28 gastric neoplasias, obtained before ESD with white-light imaging (WLI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI). Assessments of the delineation accuracy of tumor extent and tumor morphology under 2D and 3D visualization were based on the histopathological diagnosis of ESD specimens. Participants answered visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires (0–10, worst to best) concerning the (a) ease of recognition of lesion morphology, (b) lesion extent and (c) comprehensive endoscopic cognition under 2D and 3D visualization. The endpoints were the accuracy of tumor extent and morphology type and the degree of confidence in assessing (a)–(c). Results The delineation accuracy of lesion extent [mean (95% confidence interval)] with WLI under 3D visualization [60.2% (56.1–64.3%)] was significantly higher than that under 2D visualization [52.3% (48.2–56.4%)] (P < 0.001). The accuracy with NBI under 3D visualization [70.3% (66.8–73.7%)] was also significantly higher than that under 2D visualization [64.2% (60.7–67.4%)] (P < 0.001). The accuracy of the morphology type with NBI under 3D visualization was significantly higher than that under 2D visualization (P = 0.004). The VAS for all aspects of endoscopic recognition under 3D visualization was significantly better than that under 2D visualization (P < 0.01). Conclusions Three-dimensional visualization can enhance the diagnostic quality for superficial gastric tumors.

A Comparison of the Use of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems by Novice and Experienced Microsurgeons in Microsurgical Vessel Anastomosis: An Analysis Using the Chicken Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chien Wang ◽  
Hsiang-Wei Hu ◽  
Pedro Ciudad ◽  
Bor-Shyh Lin ◽  
Hung-Chi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract Background Various studies have discussed the benefits of applying three-dimensional (3D) techniques, specifically its advantages with respect to ergonomics, feasibility, and the rate of learning achievable in microsurgery training. However, no study has been conducted that compares the operator experience of using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D systems in microsurgical training. The aim of this study is to compare 2D- and 3D-assisted microsurgical training in novices based on anastomosis of chicken femoral arteries. Methods The participants were grouped by previous microsurgical experience. Group A includes novice participants. Group B includes 2D-experienced participants. Group C includes both participants in groups A and B. A questionnaire composed of 10 parameters in the field of image quality, dexterity, ergonomic, and feasibility will be filled out after each participant finished their anastomoses by the 2D and 3D systems. Results The results demonstrated 3D system was scored better on “field of view” (p = 0.004), “less tremor” (p = 0.005), “neck/upper back comfort” (p = 0.043), “lower back comfort” (p = 0.015), “technical feasibility” (p = 0.020), and “educational feasibility” (p = 0.004) in group A (N = 12). In group B (N = 9), 3D system was scored better on “field of view” (p = 0.041) but worse on “image resolution” (p = 0.031). Conclusion With the 3D visualization system for microsurgical anastomosis of chicken femoral model, there are significant improvements in the field of view, stability, ergonomics, and educational value compared with 2D system among all participants. Accordingly, 3D-assisted microsurgery training can be a novel and potential popular training method.

Face Recognition Based on Manifold Learning and SVM Classification of 2D and 3D Geodesic Curves

2011 ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Berretti ◽  
Alberto Del Bimbo ◽  
Pietro Pala ◽  
Francisco Josè Silva Mata
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Still Images ◽  
3D Face ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Manifold Embedding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
2D And 3D

This chapter has a twofold objective. On the one hand, an original approach based on the computation of radial geodesic distances (RGD) is proposed to represent two-dimensional (2D) face images and three-dimensional (3D) face models for the purpose of face recognition. In 3D, the RGD of a generic point of a 3D face surface is computed as the length of the particular geodesic that connects the point with a reference point along a radial direction. In 2D, the RGD of a face image pixel with respect to a reference pixel accounts for the difference of gray level intensities of the two pixels and the Euclidean distance between them. The main contribution of this solution is to permit direct comparison between representations extracted from 2D and 3D facial data, thus opening the way to hybrid approaches for face recognition capable to combine and exploit advantages of different media so as to overcome limitations of traditional solutions based on 2D still images. On the other hand, face representations based on RGDs are used for the purpose of face identification by using them in an operative framework that exploits state of the art techniques for manifold embedding and machine learning. Due to the high dimensionality of face representations based on RGD, embedding into lower-dimensional spaces using manifold learning is applied before classification. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to perform face recognition using 2D- and 3D-RGDs. This shows a general work flow that is not limited to face recognition applications, but can be used in many different contexts of recognition and retrieval. Experimental results are reported for 3D-3D and 2D-3D face recognition using the proposed approach.

Alternative 2D and 3D Visualization Methods for Microsurgery: Posture, Performance, and Discomfort Analysis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Yu ◽  
Michael Sackllah ◽  
Charles Woolley ◽  
Steven Kasten ◽  
Thomas J. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
2D And 3D

scholarly journals Homogeneous 2D and 3D alignment of cardiomyocyte in dilated cardiomyopathy revealed by intravital heart imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Masuyama ◽  
Tomoaki Higo ◽  
Jong-Kook Lee ◽  
Ryohei Matsuura ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Heart Imaging ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractIn contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there has been reported no specific pattern of cardiomyocyte array in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), partially because lack of alignment assessment in a three-dimensional (3D) manner. Here we have established a novel method to evaluate cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D using intravital heart imaging and demonstrated homogeneous alignment in DCM mice. Whilst cardiomyocytes of control mice changed their alignment by every layer in 3D and position twistedly even in a single layer, termed myocyte twist, cardiomyocytes of DCM mice aligned homogeneously both in two-dimensional (2D) and in 3D and lost myocyte twist. Manipulation of cultured cardiomyocyte toward homogeneously aligned increased their contractility, suggesting that homogeneous alignment in DCM mice is due to a sort of alignment remodelling as a way to compensate cardiac dysfunction. Our findings provide the first intravital evidence of cardiomyocyte alignment and will bring new insights into understanding the mechanism of heart failure.

scholarly journals Do 3D Face Images Capture Cues of Strength, Weight, and Height Better than 2D Face Images do?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Iris J Holzleitner ◽  
Alex L Jones ◽  
Kieran J O’Shea ◽  
Rachel Cassar ◽  
Vanessa Fasolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
3D Images ◽  
3D Face ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D Images ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objectives A large literature exists investigating the extent to which physical characteristics (e.g., strength, weight, and height) can be accurately assessed from face images. While most of these studies have employed two-dimensional (2D) face images as stimuli, some recent studies have used three-dimensional (3D) face images because they may contain cues not visible in 2D face images. As equipment required for 3D face images is considerably more expensive than that required for 2D face images, we here investigated how perceptual ratings of physical characteristics from 2D and 3D face images compare. Methods We tested whether 3D face images capture cues of strength, weight, and height better than 2D face images do by directly comparing the accuracy of strength, weight, and height ratings of 182 2D and 3D face images taken simultaneously. Strength, height and weight were rated by 66, 59 and 52 raters respectively, who viewed both 2D and 3D images. Results In line with previous studies, we found that weight and height can be judged somewhat accurately from faces; contrary to previous research, we found that people were relatively inaccurate at assessing strength. We found no evidence that physical characteristics could be judged more accurately from 3D than 2D images. Conclusion Our results suggest physical characteristics are perceived with similar accuracy from 2D and 3D face images. They also suggest that the substantial costs associated with collecting 3D face scans may not be justified for research on the accuracy of facial judgments of physical characteristics.

scholarly journals Role of magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging in the diagnosis of noninvasive gastric neoplasia

JGH Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453
Author(s):  
Keisuke Tanaka ◽  
Shinya Maekawa ◽  
Takashi Yoshida ◽  
Tatsuya Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinichi Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Magnifying Endoscopy ◽  
Gastric Neoplasia

Extracellular vesicles from three dimensional culture of human placental mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882098680
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Yuhua Huang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
2D And 3D

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) culture has been reported to increase the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from 3D cultures of human placental MSCs (hPMSCs) for acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: The supernatants from monolayer culture (2D) and 3D culture of hPMSCs were ultra-centrifuged for EVs isolation. C57BL/6 male mice were submitted to 45 min bilateral ischemia of kidney, followed by renal intra-capsular administration of EVs within a 72 h reperfusion period. Histological, immunohistochemical, and ELISA analyses of kidney samples were performed to evaluate cell death and inflammation. Kidney function was evaluated by measuring serum creatinine and urea nitrogen. The miRNA expression profiles of EVs from 2D and 3D culture of hPMSCs were evaluated using miRNA microarray analysis. Results: The 3D culture of hPMSCs formed spheroids with different diameters depending on the cell density seeded. The hPMSCs produced significantly more EVs in 3D culture than in 2D culture. More importantly, injection of EVs from 3D culture of hPMSCs into mouse kidney with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-AKI was more beneficial in protecting from progression of I/R than those from 2D culture. The EVs from 3D culture of hPMSCs were more efficient against apoptosis and inflammation than those from 2D culture, which resulted in a reduction in tissue damage and amelioration of renal function. MicroRNA profiling analysis revealed that a set of microRNAs were significantly changed in EVs from 3D culture of hPMSCs, especially miR-93-5p. Conclusion: The EVs from 3D culture of hPMSCs have therapeutic potential for I/R-AKI.

scholarly journals Value of Three-Dimensional Digital Subtraction Angiography for Detection and Classification of Intracranial Aneurysm Remnants After Clipping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Marbacher ◽  
Matthias Halter ◽  
Deborah R Vogt ◽  
Jenny C Kienzler ◽  
Christian T J Magyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Digital Subtraction Angiography ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
P Value ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract BACKGROUND The current gold standard for evaluation of the surgical result after intracranial aneurysm (IA) clipping is two-dimensional (2D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA). While there is growing evidence that postoperative 3D-DSA is superior to 2D-DSA, there is a lack of data on intraoperative comparison. OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic yield of detection of IA remnants in intra- and postoperative 3D-DSA, categorize the remnants based on 3D-DSA findings, and examine associations between missed 2D-DSA remnants and IA characteristics. METHODS We evaluated 232 clipped IAs that were examined with intraoperative or postoperative 3D-DSA. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, IA and remnant distinguishing characteristics, and 2D- and 3D-DSA findings. Maximal IA remnant size detected by 3D-DSA was measured using a 3-point scale of 2-mm increments. RESULTS Although 3D-DSA detected all clipped IA remnants, 2D-DSA missed 30.4% (7 of 23) and 38.9% (14 of 36) clipped IA remnants in intraoperative and postoperative imaging, respectively (95% CI: 30 [ 12, 49] %; P-value .023 and 39 [23, 55] %; P-value = &lt;.001), and more often missed grade 1 (&lt; 2 mm) clipped remnants (odds ratio [95% CI]: 4.3 [1.6, 12.7], P-value .005). CONCLUSION Compared with 2D-DSA, 3D-DSA achieves a better diagnostic yield in the evaluation of clipped IA. Our proposed method to grade 3D-DSA remnants proved to be simple and practical. Especially small IA remnants have a high risk to be missed in 2D-DSA. We advocate routine use of either intraoperative or postoperative 3D-DSA as a baseline for lifelong follow-up of clipped IA.

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