scholarly journals High incidence and persistence of hepatitis B virus infection in individuals receiving HIV care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nokukhanya Msomi ◽  
Kogieleum Naidoo ◽  
Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma ◽  
Nesri Padayatchi ◽  
Kerusha Govender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) are common infections in South Africa. We utilized the opportunity of care provision for HIV-TB co-infected patients to better understand the relationship between these coinfections, determine the magnitude of the problem, and identify risk factors for HBV infection in HIV infected patients with and without TB in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken in 2018. In-care HIV infected patients were included in the analysis. Results from clinical records were analysed to determine the prevalence, incidence, persistence and factors associated with HBsAg positivity in HIV-infected patients with or without TB co-infection. Results A total of 4292 HIV-infected patients with a mean age of 34.7 years (SD: 8.8) were included. Based on HBsAg positivity, the prevalence of HBV was 8.5% (363/4292) [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.7–9.3] at baseline and 9.4% (95%CI: 8.6–10.3%) at end of follow-up. The HBV incidence rate was 2.1/100 person-years (p-y). Risk of incident HBV infection was two-fold higher among male patients (HR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.14–3.92), while severe immunosuppression was associated with a greater than two-fold higher risk of persistent infection (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 2.54; 95% CI 1.06–6.14; p = 0.004. Additionally, active TB at enrolment was associated with a two-fold higher risk of incident HBV infection (aHR 2.38; 95% CI: 0.77–7.35). Conclusion The provision of HIV care and treatment in high HBV burden settings provide a missed opportunity for HBV screening, immunization and care provision.

Prevalence and Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in a Cohort of HIV-1 Discordant Couples in Western Kenya: Implications for HIV Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. A280-A280
Author(s):  
Dismas C.O. Oketch ◽  
Eunice Kaguiri ◽  
Nereo Murgor ◽  
Cosmas Apaka ◽  
Paul Ayuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Discordant Couples ◽  
Hiv 1

In silico analysis of mutations associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Olagbenro ◽  
Motswedi Anderson ◽  
Simani Gaseitsiwe ◽  
Eleanor A. Powell ◽  
Maemu P. Gededzha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Silico Analysis

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and prevalence of hepatitis B virus among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in Bamenda Health District, NWR, Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e031075
Author(s):  
Etheline Akazong W ◽  
Christopher Tume ◽  
Richard Njouom ◽  
Lawrence Ayong ◽  
Victor Fondoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a bloodborne virus which can be transmitted via percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposure to infected body fluid. Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are continuously exposed to different body fluids are at an increased risk of contracting and transmitting this virus. It is thus important to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs towards HBV and the prevalence of HBV infection among them.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2017. Overall, 398 HCWs were recruited for this study. Knowledge on the route of HBV transmission and attitude towards HBV were evaluated using a well-structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was obtained using the Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA kit (Bio-Rad). Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.ResultsAmong the HCWs who participated in this study, 338 (84.9%) had heard of HBV, and 269 (67.6%) of them had adequate knowledge on the route of HBV transmission. Medical doctors were the most knowledgeable among biomedical workers and students (76.5%). The rate of stigma was highest among nurses (87, 38.8%). The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was high (42, 10.6%) given that there is an efficient and available vaccine. Overall, over 70% of HCWs invited to participate in this study responded.ConclusionKnowledge on the route of HBV transmission was fair, and the level of stigmatisation of HBV-infected patients and the prevalence of HBV infection were high in this study. A sensitisation campaign should be carried out to educate HCWs on HBV, thus reducing the level of stigma associated with HBV as well as the probability of contracting HBV as a nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Modelling cost-effectiveness of tenofovir for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Edward A. O. Burn ◽  
Cynthia Raissa Tamandjou ◽  
Dominique Goedhals ◽  
Eleanor J. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Modelling cost-effectiveness of tenofovir for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Edward Burn ◽  
Cynthia Raissa Tamandjou ◽  
Dominique Goedhals ◽  
Eleanor Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Antiviral Prophylaxis ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Mother To Child

ABSTRACTIn light of sustainable development goals for 2030, an important priority for Africa is to have affordable, accessible and sustainable hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programmes, delivering screening and treatment for antenatal women and implementing timely administration of HBV vaccine for their babies. We developed a decision-analytic model simulating 10,000 singleton pregnancies to assess the cost-effectiveness of three possible strategies for deployment of tenofovir in pregnancy, in combination with routine infant vaccination: S1: no screening nor antiviral therapy; S2: screening and antiviral prophylaxis for all women who test HBsAg-positive; S3: screening for HBsAg, followed by HBeAg testing and antiviral prophylaxis for women who are HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive. Our outcome was cost per infant HBV infection avoided and the analysis followed a healthcare perspective. S1 predicts 45 infants would be HBV-infected at six months of age, compared to 21 and 28 infants in S2 and S3, respectively. Relative to S1, S2 had an incremental cost of $3,940 per infection avoided. S3 led to more infections and higher costs. Given the long-term health burden for individuals and economic burden for society associated with chronic HBV infection, screening pregnant women and providing tenofovir for all who test HBsAg+ may be a cost-effective strategy for South Africa.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan 30 years after the commencement of the national vaccination program

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Cheng Hu ◽  
Chih-Ching Yeh ◽  
Ruey-Yu Chen ◽  
Chien-Tien Su ◽  
Wen-Chang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

BackgroundIn this study, the long-term efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination was assessed using seroprevalence and an age–period–cohort (APC) model of HBV seromarkers among university entrants 30 years after the introduction of the national neonatal HBV vaccination program in Taiwan.MethodsIn total, data of 17,611 university entrants who underwent university entrance health examinations between 2005 and 2016 were included. The seroprevalence of the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and the levels of the antibody against the HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) in each year group and sex were calculated. The levels of the antibody against the HBV core antigen were examined only for 2012 and 2016. The APC model was used to analyze the HBV carrier rates.ResultsThe chronic HBV infection (HBsAg positivity) rate decreased from 9.7% in university students born before June 1974 to <1.0% in students born after 1992. The prevalence of anti-HBs positivity declined, particularly between the 1984–1988 cohort (78.2%–53.2%) and the 1990–1994 cohort (60.6%–44.4%). Our APC model revealed that the chronic HBV carrier rate among the student population was affected significantly by age, period, and cohort (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHBV vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for preventing HBV infection. However, for complete eradication of HBV infection, the development of strategies that detect vaccination failure more effectively than current strategies do and early implementation of appropriate treatments are both necessary.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus: Findings from a population-based household survey in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Samsunder ◽  
Sinaye Ngcapu ◽  
Lara Lewis ◽  
Cheryl Baxter ◽  
Cherie Cawood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
B Virus

High rate of occult hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis units of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1797-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nokukhanya Msomi ◽  
Kwazi Ndlovu ◽  
Jennifer Giandhari ◽  
Eduan Wilkinson ◽  
Raveen Parboosing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B among jaundiced cases in paediatric age group

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274
Author(s):  
Sonali Suman ◽  
Hemant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem. Over two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus globally, of whom over 350 million are chronic carriers. Vertical (mother to child) and horizontal early childhood transmission are the main routes of HBV transmission and are responsible for most chronic infections. The aim of this study was to study the role played by different modes of transmission of HBV and to study the burden of hepatitis B in pediatric age group.Methods: All children below 12 years of age, admitted for jaundice, of both sexes, during one year study period were included. 50 patients (control) who were not suffering from jaundice or known liver disease were also included.Results: Prevalence of HBsAg positivity among jaundiced children was 15.24%. There was increase in HBsAg positivity with increase in the age signifying role of horizontal mode of transmission in Hepatitis B virus infection.Conclusions: HBV infection is an important health problem in paediatric age group. Horizontal mode of transmission plays important role in the spread of HBV infection among children.

scholarly journals The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nokukhanya Mdlalose ◽  
Raveen Parboosing ◽  
Pravi Moodley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Blood Spot ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) amongst South African infants and children has been reported in the pre-HIV era. Despite the reported high prevalence of HIV in the general population of South Africa, the rate of HIV/HBV co-infection amongst infants and children remains poorly reported.Objectives: We describe the prevalence of HBV infection amongst HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants by molecular methods of diagnosis using dried blood spot samples.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2011 and December 2011 in an academic referral laboratory offering viral diagnostic services to the entire KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. A total of 322 study samples were collected from discarded residual dried blood spot samples following routine infant diagnosis of HIV. Equal proportions of HIV-positive and HIV-negative infant specimens were studied. Statistical differences in the prevalence of HBV between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative samples were calculated using the Pearson chi-square test, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Further testing for HBV DNA using a nested polymerase chain reaction method was performed.Results: The overall prevalence of HBV was 10%. In the HIV-positive group, 21 of 161 infants tested positive for HBV compared with 12 of 161 HIV-negative infants who tested positive for HBV. The proportion of infants infected with HBV was marginally higher amongst HIV positiveinfants (13.0%; 95% CI 6.8–19.9) compared with HIV-negative infants (7.5%; 95% C I2.5–13.7; P = 0.098), though not statistically significant.Conclusion: The finding of a 10% HBV prevalence in this infant cohort is clinically significant. The non-statistically significant difference in HBV prevalence between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants suggests that high prevalence of HBV infection in children may be a problem independent of HIV.

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