scholarly journals Asymmetric cortical development and prognosis in fetuses with isolated mild fetal ventriculomegaly: an observational prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhu ◽  
Jun Ya Chen ◽  
Xin Lin Hou ◽  
Li Li Liu ◽  
Guo Yu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
Fetal Ventriculomegaly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Delayed Development ◽  
Torch Infection ◽  
Cortical Maturation

Abstract Background Assessments of cortical development and identifying factors that may result in a poor prognosis for fetuses with isolated mild ventriculomegaly (IMVM) is a hot research topic. We aimed to perform a constant, detailed assessment of cortical development in IMVM fetuses using ultrasound and determine whether asymmetric cortical development occurred. Moreover, we aimed to estimate the prognosis of IMVM fetuses and compare the difference in the prognosis of IMVM fetuses presenting symmetric and asymmetric cortical maturation. Methods IMVM was diagnosed by regular ultrasound, neurosonography and fetal MRI. Genetic and TORCH examinations were conducted to exclude common genetic abnormalities and TORCH infection of fetuses. Ultrasound examinations were conducted at an interval of 2–3 weeks to record sulcus development in IMVM fetuses using a scoring system. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, First Edition (BSID-I) were performed after birth. Results Forty fetuses with IMVM were included: twenty showed asymmetric cortical maturation and twenty showed symmetric cortical maturation. For IMVM fetuses presenting asymmetric cortical maturation, the mean gestational age (GA) at the first diagnosis of relatively delayed development was 24.23 weeks for the parieto-occipital sulcus, 24.71 weeks for the calcarine sulcus, and 26.43 weeks for the cingulate sulcus. All the sulci with delayed development underwent ‘catch-up growth’ and developed to the same grade as the sulci of the other hemisphere. The mean GA at which the two sides developed to the same grade was 29.40 weeks for the parieto-occipital sulcus, 29.30 weeks for the calcarine sulcus and 31.27 weeks for the cingulate sulcus. The NBNA, ASQ-3 and BSID-I scores of all patients were in the normal range. Conclusions IMVM fetuses may show mild asymmetric cortical maturation in the second trimester, but the relatively delayed sulci undergo ‘catch-up growth’. The neurodevelopment of IMVM fetuses presenting asymmetric cortical maturation and ‘catch-up growth’ is not statistically significantly different from IMVM fetuses presenting symmetric cortical maturation.

scholarly journals Cortical Development Assessed by Ultrasound in Fetuses with Isolated Mild Fetal Ventriculomegaly: Asymmetric Cortical Growth, 'catch-up growth' Pattern and Postnatal Neurodevelopment Outcome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhu ◽  
JunYa Chen ◽  
Xinlin Hou ◽  
Lili Liu ◽  
GuoYu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
Fetal Ventriculomegaly ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cortical Maturation

Abstract Background: Assessment of cortical development and identifying factors that may result in a poor prognosis for fetuses with isolated mild ventriculomegaly (IMVM) is a hot research topic. We aimed to perform a constant detailed assessment of cortical development in IMVM fetuses by ultrasound and determine whether asymmetric cortical development occurs in IMVM fetuses. Moreover, we aimed to estimate the prognosis of IMVM fetuses and compare the difference of prognosis of IMVM fetuses with symmetric and asymmetric cortical maturation.Methods: IMVM was diagnosed by regular ultrasound, neurosonography, fetal MRI, and genetic and TORCH examinations. Ultrasound examinations were carried out with an interval of 2-3 weeks to record sulcus development in IMVM fetuses using a scoring system. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-I) were used after birth.Results: Forty IMVM fetuses were included, twenty showed asymmetric cortical maturation, and twenty showed symmetric cortical maturation. The mean gestational age (GA) at the first diagnosis of relatively delayed development was 24.23weeks for the parieto-occipital sulcus, 24.71weeks for the calcarine sulcus, and 26.43weeks for the cingulate sulcus. The mean GA that two sides developed to the same grade was 29.40weeks for the parieto-occipital sulcus, 29.30weeks for the calcarine sulcus and 31.27weeks for the cingulate sulcus. The NBNA, ASQ-3 and BSID-I scores of all patients were in the normal range.Conclusion: IMVM fetuses may show mild asymmetric cortical maturation in the second trimester, but the relatively delayed sulci would undergo 'catch-up growth'. The neurodevelopment of IMVM fetuses with asymmetric cortical maturation and 'catch-up growth' is not statistically significantly different from that of IMVM fetuses with symmetric cortical maturation.

scholarly journals Correlations of atrial diameter and frontooccipital horn ratio with ventricle size in fetal ventriculomegaly

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. Pisapia ◽  
Martin Rozycki ◽  
Hamed Akbari ◽  
Spyridon Bakas ◽  
Jayesh P. Thawani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Ventriculomegaly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventricle Size ◽  
Fetal Mr

OBJECTIVE Fetal ventriculomegaly (FV), or enlarged cerebral ventricles in utero, is defined in fetal studies as an atrial diameter (AD) greater than 10 mm. In postnatal studies, the frontooccipital horn ratio (FOHR) is commonly used as a proxy for ventricle size (VS); however, its role in FV has not been assessed. Using image analysis techniques to quantify VS on fetal MR images, authors of the present study examined correlations between linear measures (AD and FOHR) and VS in patients with FV. METHODS The authors performed a cross-sectional study using fetal MR images to measure AD in the axial plane at the level of the atria of the lateral ventricles and to calculate FOHR as the average of the frontal and occipital horn diameters divided by the biparietal distance. Computer software was used to separately segment and measure the area of the ventricle and the ventricle plus the subarachnoid space in 2 dimensions. Segmentation was performed on axial slices 3 above and 3 below the slice used to measure AD, and measurements for each slice were combined to yield a volume, or 3D VS. The VS was expressed as the absolute number of voxels (non-normalized) and as the number of voxels divided by intracranial size (normalized). A Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of the relationships between the linear measures and the size of segmented regions in 2 and 3 dimensions and over various gestational ages (GAs). Differences between correlations were compared using Steiger's z-test. RESULTS Fifty FV patients who had undergone fetal MRI between 2008 and 2014 were included in the study. The mean GA was 26.3 ± 5.4 weeks. The mean AD was 18.1 ± 8.3 mm, and the mean FOHR was 0.49 ± 0.11. When using absolute VS, the correlation between AD and 3D VS (r = 0.844, p < 0.0001) was significantly higher than that between FOHR and 3D VS (r = 0.668, p < 0.0001; p = 0.0004, Steiger's z-test). However, when VS was normalized, correlations were not significantly different between AD and 3D VS (r = 0.830, p < 0.0001) or FOHR and 3D VS (r = 0.842, p < 0.0001; p = 0.8, Steiger's z-test). For GAs of 24 weeks or earlier, AD correlated more strongly with normalized 3D VS (r = 0.902, p < 0.0001) than with FOHR (r = 0.674, p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, Steiger's z-test). After 24 weeks, there was no difference in correlations between linear measures (AD or FOHR) and 3D VS (r > 0.9). Correlations of linear measures with VS in 2 and 3 dimensions were similar, and inclusion of the subarachnoid space did not significantly alter results. CONCLUSIONS Findings in the study support the use of AD as a measure of VS in fetal studies as it correlates highly with both absolute and relative VS, especially at early GAs, and captures the preferential dilation of the occipital horns in patients with FV. Compared with AD, FOHR similarly correlates with normalized VS and, after a GA of 24 weeks, can be reported in fetal studies to provide continuity with postnatal monitoring.

scholarly journals Concurrent validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0221675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Biaoyue Wang ◽  
Cody Abbey ◽  
Alexis Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
Bayley Scales

Insulin Responses During Catch-up Growth of Infants Who Were Small for Gestational Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Eleanor Colle ◽  
David Schiff ◽  
Gail Andrew ◽  
Charles B. Bauer ◽  
Pamela Fitzhardinge
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
Permissive Role

Growth characteristics of 15 full-term infants, selected because of weights more than 2 SD below the mean for gestational age, are described. The response to an intravenous injection of glucose was utilized to measure the insulin response of the infants at 6 months. Infants small for gestational age grow at a faster rate than appropriate-for-age infants during the first six months of life. There was a positive correlation between the growth velocity of the period and insulin release and a negative correlation between growth velocity and birth length. There was no correlation between these variables and increases in weight during the same period. Growth velocity during catch-up growth is related to the degree of preceding retardation but insulin may play a permissive role.

Developmental Outcome Prediction From Acoustic Cry Analysis in Term and Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Barry M. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Perceptual Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Speed Computer ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Bayley Scales

It has been suggested that the cry may reflect the neurophysiologic integrity of the infant and relate to later developmental outcome. In this study, the cry was recorded at term conceptional age in 18 preterm and 13 term infants using a standardized procedure and analyzed by high-speed computer. At 18 months of age, a significant number of infants were correctly classified as scoring high or low on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development based on the mean and variability in the fundamental frequency, variability in the first formant, and the amplitude of the cry. At 5 years of age, a significant number of infants were correctly classified on the McCarthy General Cognitive Index and on the verbal, perceptual-performance, and quantitative subscales based on the variability of the fundamental frequency, variability of the first formant, and amplitude and duration of the cry. Although preliminary, this study supports the potential use of the cry as a noninvasive measure to detect developmental outcome in the infant at risk.

scholarly journals Tyrosine requirement during the rapid catch-up growth phase of recovery from severe childhood undernutrition

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Badaloo ◽  
Jean W.-C. Hsu ◽  
Carolyn Taylor-Bryan ◽  
Marvin Reid ◽  
Terrence Forrester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Breakpoint Analysis ◽  
Childhood Undernutrition

The requirement for aromatic amino acids during the rapid catch-up in weight phase of recovery from severe childhood undernutrition (SCU) is not clearly established. As a first step, the present study aimed to estimate the tyrosine requirement of children with SCU during the catch-up growth phase of nutritional rehabilitation using a diet enriched in energy and proteins. Tyrosine requirement was calculated from the rate of excretion of 13CO2 (F 13CO2) during [13C]phenylalanine infusion in thirteen children with SCU, five females and eight males, at about 19 d after admission when the subjects were considered to have entered their rapid catch-up growth phase and were consuming 627·3 kJ and about 3·5 g protein/kg per d. Measurements of F 13CO2 during [13C]phenylalanine infusion were made on two separate days with a 1 d interval. Three measurements at tyrosine intakes of 48, 71 and 95 mg/kg per d were performed on experimental day 1 and measurements at tyrosine intakes of 148, 195 and 241 mg/kg per d were performed on experimental day 2. An estimate of the mean requirement was derived by breakpoint analysis with a two-phase linear regression cross-over model. The breakpoint, which represents an estimate of the mean tyrosine requirement, is a value of 99 mg/kg per d when the children were growing at about 15 g/kg per d. The result indicates that the mean requirement for tyrosine during the catch-up growth phase of SCU is about 99 mg/kg per d under similar conditions to the present study.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Preeclampsia on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Halil Degirmencioglu ◽  
Birgul Say ◽  
Zeynep Ustunyurt ◽  
Serife Suna Oguz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants born to mothers with preeclampsia and to compare them with preterm controls.</p><p><strong>Study design:</strong> This was a retrospective, observational study in a large, tertiary, neonatal intensive care unit. Neurodevelopmental evaluations using Bayley Scales of Infant Development II were performed in 226 two-year-old infants with birth weight ≤1500 g and gestational age ≤32 weeks who were born to mothers with preeclampsia and in 493 infants who were born after normotensive pregnancies, matched for gestational age and gender.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean gestational ages of the infants in the preeclampsia and control groups were 29.9±2.3 weeks and 28.7±4.1 weeks, respectively (p&lt;0.001). A total of 372 infants with a mean age of 19.2±3.2 months were assessed for long-term outcome. The mean mental developmental index score was significantly higher, and the percentage of infants with cerebral palsy was significantly lower, in the preeclampsia group compared with the control group (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). However, no overall significant differences in neurodevelopmental impairment rates were found between the two groups (p=0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Maternal preeclampsia seems to be a protector factor for the development of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of thyroxine on initial catch-up growth in children with hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ami H. Patel ◽  
Pinakin P. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Up

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinal cause of growth retardation in children. Following adequate treatment with thyroxine, growth resumes at an accelerated rate which is known as catch-up growth. There are few observational studies from India on the growth parameters following treatment with thyroxine in children with hypothyroidism.Methods: A retrospective study was done in children aged 2-10 years who were newly diagnosed cases of primary hypothyroidism [Total serum Thyroxine (T4) levels <5 µg/dl and serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels ˃15 µU/ml] and treated with oral thyroxine to attain euthyroid state. Height measured before starting treatment and at the time of follow up visits was noted, the Height Standard Deviation Scores (HSDS) were calculated. The effect of thyroxine on linear growth was studied.Results: There were 23 children who were diagnosed as having primary hypothyroidism of whom 16(69.6%) were females and 7(30.4%) were males. The mean age of the children studied was 7.3±2.3 years. The mean dose of thyroxine required to maintain euthyroid status was 4.6±2.2 µg/kg/day. Mean duration of follow up was 13.7±2.4 months. The initial HSDS was - 2.31±0.9 which improved to a final value of - 1.7±0.76 (ΔHSDS0.61, p value <0.0001). Mean height velocity was 8.1 cms/year.Conclusions: Following adequate thyroxine replacement therapy catch-up growth occurs and increased growth velocity leads to partial regain of height deficit in the first couple of years of treatment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Massage Effleurag Terhadap Kemampuan Head Control Extensi Bayi Usia 3-4 Bulan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
H Hastina ◽  
S Suharto ◽  
Muh. Awal
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Head Control

Abstrak. Head control merupakan salah satu penggerak yang terpenting dari sebagian besar dalam penilaian perkembangan bayi. Gangguan head control sering dikutip sebagai faktor resiko awal penundaan perkembangan head control. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasi eksperiment yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh massage bayi dengan teknik effleurage  terhadap kemampuan head control extensi pada posisi tengkurap bayi usia 3-4 bulan, dimana responden penelitian dibagi menjadi dua yaitu kelompok perlakuan berjumlah 8 responden dan kelompok control berjumlah 8 responden. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di puskesmas paccerakkang Makassar. Instrument penelitian dengan menggunakan Test Of  Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) yang digunakan untuk menilai control kepala pada bayi usia 34 minggu sampai dengan 4 bulan. Penelaian ini menilai seberapa lama dan seberapa tinggi bayi dapat mengangkat dan mempertahankan kepala saat posisi tengkurap. Berdasarkan uji mann whitney diperoleh nilai p 0.001 < 0,005 yang berarti bahwa ada pengaruh yang bermakna antra kelompok perlakuan (massage bayi) dengan kelompok kontrol. Untuk melihat hasil yang lebih baik berdasarkan nilai selisih reratanya ternyata kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi nilai selisih rerata yaitu 18,75 dibanding kelompok kontrol. Kata kunci : Massage Effleurage, head control, bayi usia 3-4 bulan.  Effect of Massage Effleurage on Head Control Ability of Infant 3-4 Month Old Extensions Abstract. Head control is one of the most important drivers of most of the assessment of infant development. Head control disorders are often cited as a risk factor for early delays in head control development. This research is a quasi-experimental research which aims to determine the effect of massage effleurage on the ability of head control extension in the prone position of infants aged 3-4 months, where the research respondents are divided into two, namely the treatment group of 8 respondents and the control group of 8 respondents. This research was conducted at the Puskesmas Paccerakkang Makassar. The research instrument used the Test Of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) which was used to assess head control in infants aged 34 weeks to 4 months. This study assesses how long and how high the baby can lift and hold the head in a prone position. Based on the Mann Whitney test, the p value was 0.001 <0.005, which means that there was a significant effect between the treatment group (baby massage) and the control group. To see a better result based on the mean difference value, it turns out that the treatment group has a higher mean difference value, namely 18.75 than the control group. Keywords  : massage effleurage, head control,baby aged 3-4 months

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