Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Despite research efforts, the causative factors that contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk areas have not yet been understood. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to describe the risk factors associated with ESCC and its precursor lesions. Methods We performed an endoscopic examination of 44,857 individuals aged 40–69 years from five high incidence regions of China in 2017–2018. Participants were classified as 4 groups of normal control, esophagitis, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HGIN/ESCC) using an unconditional logistic regression determine risk factors. Results We identified 4890 esophagitis, 1874 LGIN and 437 HGIN/ESCC cases. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Drinking well and surface water, salty diet, and positive family history of cancer were the common risk factors for esophagitis, LGIN and HGIN/ESCC. History of chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis was the greatest risk factor of esophagitis (adjusted OR 2.96, 95%CI 2.52–3.47) and HGIN/ESCC (adjusted OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.03–3.22). Pesticide exposure (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.37) was essential risk factor of LGIN. Conclusions Among individuals aged 40–69 years in high incidence regions of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the results provided important epidemiological evidence for the prevention of different precancerous lesions of ESCC.

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WITHDRAWN: Loss of heterozygosity analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions from a high incidence area in China

Cancer Letters ◽

10.1016/j.canlet.2005.03.014 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Annie L.M. Cheung ◽

Hua Xin Si ◽

Li Dong Wang ◽

Ji Ye An ◽

Sai Wah Tsao

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Loss Of Heterozygosity ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Precursor Lesions ◽

High Incidence ◽

High Incidence Area

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Leiomyosarcoma of the Tracheostomy Site in a Patient with History of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Case Reports in Oncology ◽

10.1159/000516797 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 912-917

Author(s):

Zainub Ajmal ◽

Abdul Moiz Khan ◽

Lezah McCarthy ◽

Allison Lupinetti ◽

Syed Mehdi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

English Literature ◽

Neck Region ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Rare Malignancy

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the trachea is an extremely rare malignancy with only a few reported cases in English literature. As such the diagnosis can be frequently missed or delayed. We present a case of a 69-year-old male who underwent tracheostomy for airway obstruction secondary to glottic squamous cell carcinoma and treated definitely with radiation therapy. Subsequently, the patient developed LMS of the tracheostomy site. The case further details multiple risk factors that could contribute to development of LMS including radiation exposure, prior malignancy, and chronic inflammation. These risk factors have been well established for LMS in other sites but less so in the head and neck region, which is the subject of our discussion. We also review the current guidelines for head and neck as well as limb sarcomas and discussed role of surgery or radiation and their accompanying challenges in management of this rare malignancy.

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A nomogram to predict lymph node metastasis risk for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08077-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaofeng Duan ◽

Xiaobin Shang ◽

Jie Yue ◽

Zhao Ma ◽

Chuangui Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Node Metastasis ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Early Stage ◽

Derivation Cohort ◽

Node Metastasis

Abstract Background A nomogram was developed to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) for patients with early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods We used the clinical data of ESCC patients with pathological T1 stage disease who underwent surgery from January 2011 to June 2018 to develop a nomogram model. Multivariable logistic regression was used to confirm the risk factors for variable selection. The risk of LNM was stratified based on the nomogram model. The nomogram was validated by an independent cohort which included early ESCC patients underwent esophagectomy between July 2018 and December 2019. Results Of the 223 patients, 36 (16.1%) patients had LNM. The following three variables were confirmed as LNM risk factors and were included in the nomogram model: tumor differentiation (odds ratio [OR] = 3.776, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.515–9.360, p = 0.004), depth of tumor invasion (OR = 3.124, 95% CI 1.146–8.511, p = 0.026), and tumor size (OR = 2.420, 95% CI 1.070–5.473, p = 0.034). The C-index was 0.810 (95% CI 0.742–0.895) in the derivation cohort (223 patients) and 0.830 (95% CI 0.763–0.902) in the validation cohort (80 patients). Conclusions A validated nomogram can predict the risk of LNM via risk stratification. It could be used to assist in the decision-making process to determine which patients should undergo esophagectomy and for which patients with a low risk of LNM, curative endoscopic resection would be sufficient.

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