Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography

Abstract Background: The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. Methods: 12 normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91±0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively. Results: OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169

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Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography

10.21203/rs.2.85/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Peng ◽

Liuxueying Zhong ◽

Li Ma ◽

Jiayi Jin ◽

Yongxin Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Optical Parameter ◽

Normal Adult ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques ◽

Circulation Parameters ◽

Temporal Quadrant ◽

Optic Discs ◽

Ophthalmic Disease ◽

Radial Peripapillary Capillary

Abstract Background: The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. Methods: 12 normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91±0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively. Results: OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169

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Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography

10.21203/rs.2.85/v6 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Peng ◽

Liuxueying Zhong ◽

Li Ma ◽

Jiayi Jin ◽

Yongxin Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Parameter ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Normal Adult ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques ◽

Optic Discs

Abstract Background: The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. Methods: 12 normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91±0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively. Results: OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169, retrospectively registered on 26 sept 2018 Keywords: Cynomolgus macaques, Healthy humans, Vascular, Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), Vessel density (VD)

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Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography

10.21203/rs.2.85/v5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Peng ◽

Liuxueying Zhong ◽

Li Ma ◽

Jiayi Jin ◽

Yongxin Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Parameter ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Normal Adult ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques ◽

Optic Discs

Abstract Background: The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. Methods: 12 normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91±0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively. Results: OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169, retrospectively registered on 26 sept 2018 Keywords: Cynomolgus macaques, Healthy humans, Vascular, Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), Vessel density (VD)

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Vascular parameters of normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans obtained by fundus fluorescence angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography

10.21203/rs.2.85/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Peng ◽

Liuxueying Zhong ◽

Li Ma ◽

Jiayi Jin ◽

Yongxin Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Parameter ◽

Fluorescence Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

En Face ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques ◽

Optic Discs

Abstract Background: To provide and compare normal vascular parameters for cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans, compare the advantages and disadvantages of fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in angiography, and establish an eye parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans. Methods: 5 normal cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.60±0.55 years were studied for data collection. A Heidelberg Spectralis® HRA+OCT was used to obtain parameters for FFA. The macula of 28 healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macula and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively. Results: FFA of cynomolgus macaques revealed stages similar to those observed in humans. OCT-A was used to image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. The highest entire en-face mean VD in the macular area was 68.19±0.75% in the choroid capillary layer. In both layers of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for cynomolgus macaques using FFA and OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169

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Association between glaucomatous optic disc and depressive symptoms independent of light exposure profiles: a cross-sectional study of the HEIJO-KYO cohort

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312176 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 1119-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tadanobu Yoshikawa ◽

Kenji Obayashi ◽

Kimie Miyata ◽

Tetsuo Ueda ◽

Norio Kurumatani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Night Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Optic Discs

BackgroundGlaucoma may cause physiological and behavioural circadian misalignment because of the loss of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, the primary receptors of environmental light. Although studies have suggested a high prevalence of depression in patients with glaucoma, it is unclear whether the association is independent of the light exposure profiles as an important confounding factor.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study of a community-based cohort of 770 elderly individuals (mean age, 70.9 years), glaucomatous optic discs were assessed using fundus photographs and depressive symptoms were assessed using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Daytime and night-time ambient light exposures were objectively measured for 2 days.ResultsDepressive symptoms (GDS score ≥6) were observed in 114 participants (prevalence, 14.8%) and glaucomatous optic discs were detected in 40 participants (prevalence, 5.2%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in the group with glaucomatous optic disc than in the group without it (30.0% vs 14.0%, respectively; p=0.005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors, including daytime and night-time light exposures, revealed that the OR for depressive symptoms was significantly higher in the group with glaucomatous optic disc than in the group without it (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.18 to 5.08; p=0.016).ConclusionsIn this general elderly population, glaucomatous optic disc was significantly associated with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms independent of a number of potential confounding factors, including daily light exposure profiles.

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Topographic Quadrant Analysis of Peripapillary Superficial Microvasculature in Optic Disc Drusen

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.666359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Yan ◽

Xiao Zhou ◽

Zhongdi Chu ◽

Laurel Stell ◽

Mohammad Ali Shariati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Quadrant Analysis ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Structure Comparison ◽

Parallel Change ◽

Optic Disc Drusen ◽

Temporal Quadrant

Background: Limited information is known about the topographic effect of optic disc drusen (ODD) on peripapillary retinal nerve fibers and microvasculature.Objective: This study aims to understand the structural and functional impact of ODD in different quadrants of the optic disc.Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study of 22 ODD patients (34 eyes) and 26 controls (33 eyes) to compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), OCT angiography (OCTA), and corresponding static perimetry mean deviation (MD) calculated using the modified Garway-Heath map in different quadrants of the optic disc. OCTA was analyzed using custom MATLAB script to measure six parameters in a peripapillary annulus with large vessel removal: vessel area density (VAD), vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel perimeter index (VPI), vessel complexity index (VCI), flux, and vessel diameter index (VDI).Results: Quadrant analysis revealed that OCTA VAD and VCI were significantly decreased in superior, nasal, and inferior but not temporal quadrant. RNFL, VSD, and VPI were significantly impacted only in the superior and nasal quadrants. Corresponding visual field MDs in all ODD eyes were not different in the four quadrants, although eyes with MD equal or worse than −5 dB (32%) had worst visual field corresponding to the superior quadrant of the optic disc (inferior arcuate visual field). Structure-structure comparison of OCT and OCTA showed high correlation of RNFL with multiple OCTA measurements in the superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants but not temporal quadrant. Structure-function analysis revealed significant correlation of VAD and VCI and visual field MD in every quadrant, but RNFL was only significantly correlated in the superior and inferior quadrants.Conclusions: Peripapillary VAD and VCI are decreased in more quadrants than RNFL, supporting the clinical utility of performing OCTA in addition to OCT. Consistent with the most common locations of ODD, five OCT/OCTA measurements (VAD, VCI, RNFL, VSD, VPI) are decreased in the superior and nasal quadrants. OCT/OCTA measurements were significantly impacted in contrast to the relatively mild effect on corresponding visual field MD, consistent with the idea that a decrease in objective structural and vascular measurements occurs without parallel change in subjective visual function in ODD.

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Is a virtual clinic model a safe and effective way for assessing patients referred with suspiciously blurred optic discs? The blurred disc clinic

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120976043 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212097604

Author(s):

Joanna M Jefferis ◽

Nigel Griffith ◽

Daniel Blackwell ◽

Ruth Batty ◽

Simon J Hickman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Referral Letter ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Face ◽

Optic Discs ◽

Eye Clinic ◽

Virtual Clinic

Background: There are increasing numbers of referrals to ophthalmology departments due to blurred optic disc margins. In light of this and the COVID-19 pandemic we aimed to assess whether these patients could be safely assessed without direct contact between the clinician and patient. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients seen in our ‘blurred disc clinic’ between August 2018 and October 2019. We then presented anonymous information from their referral letter, their visual fields and optic nerve images to two consultant neuro-ophthalmologists blinded to the outcome of the face-to-face consultation. In the simulated virtual clinic, the two consultants were asked to choose an outcome for each patient from discharge, investigate or bring in for a face-to-face assessment. Results: Out of 133 patients seen in the blurred disc clinic, six (4.5%) were found to have papilloedema. All six were identified by both neuro-ophthalmologists as needing a face-to-face clinic consultation from the simulated virtual clinic. One hundred and twenty (90%) patients were discharged from the face-to-face clinic at the first consultation. The two neuro-ophthalmologists chose to discharge 114 (95%) and 99 (83%) of these respectively from the simulated virtual clinic. The virtual clinic would have potentially missed serious pathology in only one patient who had normal optic discs but reported diplopia at the previous face-to-face consultation. Conclusions: A virtual clinic model is an effective way of screening for papilloedema in patients referred to the eye clinic with suspicious optic discs. Unrelated or incidental pathology may be missed in a virtual clinic.

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Agreement in assessing optic discs with a digital stereoscopic optic disc camera (Discam) and Heidelberg retina tomograph

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjo.86.2.196 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 196-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

V. C T Sung

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Heidelberg Retina Tomograph ◽

Optic Discs

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Application of Principal Component Analysis in Automatic Localization of Optic Disc and Fovea in Retinal Images

Journal of Medical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/989712 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Asloob Ahmad Mudassar ◽

Saira Butt

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Retinal Image ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Retinal Images ◽

Image Area ◽

Main Components ◽

Vessel Tree ◽

Optic Discs

A retinal image has blood vessels, optic disc, fovea, and so forth as the main components of an image. Segmentation of these components has been investigated extensively. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the techniques that have been applied to segment the optic disc, but only a limited work has been reported. To our knowledge, fovea segmentation problem has not been reported in the literature using PCA. In this paper, we are presenting the segmentation of optic disc and fovea using PCA. The PCA was trained on optic discs and foveae using ten retinal images and then applied on seventy retinal images with a success rate of 97% in case of optic discs and 94.3% in case of fovea. Conventional algorithms feed one patch at a time from a test retinal image, and the next patch separated by one pixel part is fed. This process is continued till the full image area is covered. This is time consuming. We are suggesting techniques to cut down the processing time with the help of binary vessel tree of a given test image. Results are presented to validate our idea.

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