scholarly journals Characteristics of childhood allergic diseases in outpatient and emergency departments in Shanghai, China, 2016–2018: a multicenter, retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Qi ◽  
Peng Shi ◽  
Renjie Chen ◽  
Yufeng Zhou ◽  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Allergic Skin

Abstract Background The prevalence of allergic diseases (ADs), such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), is increasing worldwide in both adults and children. Although ADs are common and frequently coexist in outpatient care, city-level data regarding the characteristics of childhood AD remain limited in China. This study aimed to assess the profile and characteristics of ADs in the city of Shanghai. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was designed to collect routine administrative data from outpatient and emergency departments from 66 hospitals in Shanghai, China, from 2016 to 2018. Children with asthma, AR, allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and allergic skin diseases were investigated. Demographic characteristics, patients visit pattern, spectrum of diagnosis, and comorbidities were analyzed. Results A total of 2,376,150 outpatient and emergency visits for ADs were included in the period from 2016 to 2018. Allergic skin diseases accounted for 38.9%, followed by asthma (34.8%), AR (22.9%), and AC (3.3%), with a male predominance in all four diseases. Asthma and allergic skin diseases were most frequent in the 1 to < 4 years of age group, while AR and AC were more common in the 4 to < 7 years of age group. Asthma accounted for the greatest number of annual and emergency visits. The most frequent comorbidity of asthma was lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (49.3%), followed by AR (20.5%) and upper respiratory tract infection (14.1%). The most common comorbidities of AR were otitis media (23.4%), adenoid hypertrophy/obstructive sleep apnea (22.1%), followed by LRTI (12.1%), asthma (9.4%) and chronic pharyngitis (8.9%). Conclusions Asthma and allergic skin diseases were the most common ADs in outpatient and emergency departments in the study period. Respiratory tract infection was the most common comorbidity of asthma in children. More attention should be devoted to the treatment of comorbidities to improve childhood AD outcomes with a better understanding of the characteristics of ADs in outpatient care.

scholarly journals The state of the capillary bed in children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract according to computer capillaroscopy of the nail bed

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Mizernitskiy ◽  
I. M. Melnikova ◽  
E. V. Udaltsova
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Functional Features

Introduction. The actuality of children allergic respiratory diseases problem is due to the steady increase oftheir occurrence all over the world. Computerized capillaroscopy (ССS) of the nail bed is a non-invasive and highly informative method for assessing the structural and functional parameters of capillaries in real time and physiological conditions, and so it is effectively applied in pediatric practice. However, studies in this promising direction are rare. Aim. Was to determine the microcirculation peculiarities in children suffering from respiratory allergic diseases with prolonged cough, using the method of computerized capillaroscopy of the nail bed. Materials and methods. 238 children aged from 2 to 17 years with acute and chronic respiratory diseases, accompanied by prolonged (more than 4 weeks) cough, were examined and divided into 4 groups (Gr): Gr1 (n=68) – patients with acute or exacerbation of the chronic upper respiratory tract diseases of the infectious genesis; Gr2 (n=53) – patients with lower respiratory tract infection; Gr3 (n=39) – patients with allergic rhinitis; Gr4 (n=78) – patients with bronchial asthma (BA). All patients underwent history, examination and ССS of the nail bed. Results. Patients with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, especially with BA, were found to have structural and functional disorders of the capillary bed and a pronounced increase in the length of the perivascular zone indicating an increase in the hydration degree of the interstitial space due to chronic allergic inflammation, in contrast to children with respiratory tract infection getting changed microcirculation parameters mainly in the venous part of capillaries. Conclusion. CСS of the nail bed is a highly informative method to identify functional features of the capillaries in allergic and infectious pathologies of the respiratory system, which can be successfully used as additional criteria for their differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals A Rare Pediatric Case of Severe Bird Fancier's Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Presented with Viral Pneumonitis-Like Picture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Habra ◽  
Atqah AbdulWahab
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

Bird Fancier&rsquo;s Syndrome is a rare, non-atopic immunologic response to repeated or intense inhalation of avian (bird) proteins/antigens found in the feathers or droppings of many species of birds, which leads to an immune mediated inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system. Although this is the most common type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis reported in adults, it is one of the classification of a rare subtype of interstitial lung disease that occurs in the pediatric age group of which few case reports are available in the literature. The pathophysiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is complex; numerous organic and inorganic antigens can cause immune dysregulation, leading to an immune related antigen-antibody response (immunoglobulin G&ndash;IgG- against the offending antigen). Diagnosing Bird Fancier&rsquo;s disease in the pediatric age group is challenging, history of exposure is usually missed by health care providers, symptoms and clinical findings in such cases are nonspecific and often misdiagnosed during the acute illness with other common diseases such asthma, or acute viral lower respiratory tract infection, and the lack of standardization of criteria for diagnosing such condition, or sensitive radiological or laboratory test. Treatment, on the other hand, is also controversial. Avoidance of the offending antigen could be the sole or most important part of treatment, particularly in acute mild and moderate cases. Untreated cases can result in irreversible lung fibrosis. In this case report, we highlight how children presenting with an acute viral lower respiratory tract infection can overlap with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Early intervention with pulse steroids markedly improves the patient&rsquo;s clinical course.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of febrile seizures among children admitted in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Maahir Mayan ◽  
Anitha S. Prabhu ◽  
Prakash Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Family History ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Febrile Convulsion ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Febrile convulsion is one of the commonest seizure disorders in children. Prevention of febrile convulsions is therefore desirable, and is of particular relevance in children with factors carrying a high risk of recurrence. Aim and objectives were to study the demographic profile and some risk factors of febrile seizures among children.Methods: Retrospective study was conducted at Pediatric department of Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. Considering inclusion & exclusion criteria all children in the 6 months to 5-year age who were diagnosed as having febrile convulsion admitted during January 2018 to October 2019 were included in the study.Results: Total out of the 96 children 53 (55.2%) were boys and 43 (44.7%) were girls. 61% children were in the 1-3-year age group. Mean age of occurrence was 2.2 years (±1.5 years). In this study, 81.25% (78) of the patients had simple and 18.75% (18) had the complex form of febrile seizure. In our study, 61.4% (59) of affected children had positive family history of febrile seizure. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) (22.9%) followed by upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (20.8%) was the most common co-morbidity. 47.9% children were hospitalized for 1-3 days.Conclusions: Most of the children had a positive family history and the most common causative factor was Age, URTI, LRTI etc. are associated with febrile convulsion and these diseases can be managed effectively thereby reducing the occurrence of febrile convulsion.  

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in a Teaching Hospital, Telangana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 1495-1499
Author(s):  
Shyam G ◽  
Rachana G ◽  
Mohammed Yawar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory

BACKGROUND Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is defined as a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity. The disease usually begins in childhood. We need to study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic suppurative otitis media in a teaching hospital in Telangana. METHODS This was a cross sectional study done among patients with CSOM attending the Department of ENT for a duration of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. Detailed history, otoscopic examination and culture sensitivity tests of ear discharge were done. RESULTS The sample size was 150. The prevalence of CSOM was reported to be 7.5 %. Majority of the cases were in the 11 - 15 years age group, i.e., 56.6 %. Tubotympanic type was most commonly reported and accounted for 80 % (100 / 150) whereas atticoantral type was 20 %. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated organism from the ear discharge. Most of the CSOM cases presented with upper respiratory tract infection i.e., 20 %. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CSOM in our study was 7.5 % and it was more common in the younger age group. CSOM was more common in the lower socioeconomic class. Upper respiratory tract infection is a frequent mode of presentation of CSOM. KEYWORDS CSOM, Ear Discharge, Tubotympanic CSOM, Atticoantral CSOM

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Hyponatraemia among Elderly Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
B Raju ◽  
A Rishab ◽  
K Vikram ◽  
T Vaibhav ◽  
T Sharat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Decrease in serum sodium concentration is frequent observation among hospitalised elderly patients. The common causes for hyponatremia are degenerative physiology, dehydration, medications and infections. Hence the present study was undertaken to know the extent of hyponatremia among elderly with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in lower respiratory tract infection among geriatric age group and to determine the association between severity of hyponatraemia and LRTI. Methods: This was hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in north Karnataka, India during November 2016 to May 2018. 100 elderly patients (age e” 60 years) with history of cough for more than four to five days, clinical findings and X-ray findings suggestive of LRTI, were selected for the study. Results: In the present study 59% comprised of male whereas females constituted 41%. The prevalence of hyponatraemia among elderly patients with LRTI was 45%. The most common cause of hyponatraemia was GI loss (vomiting) 53.33%, Euvolemic hyponatramia 51.11%. The mean age was 69.99±8.44 years. Most of the patients were aged between 61 to 70 years. .Hyponatraemia was not associated with sex, age and type of LRTI. Duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with hyponatraemia compared to those who did not develop hyponatraemia. Conclusion: Hyponatraemia among elderly individuals with LRTI is higher as compared to other age group hence leading to prolonged duration of hospitalisation. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2020; 31(1) : 13-17

scholarly journals A Review of Microbiologic Isolates of Adults with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yunusa, Thairu ◽  
Akor, Alexander Agada
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aims: This study was designed to determine the isolates from microbial cultures and the antibiotics susceptibility pattern of adults with lower respiratory tract infection. Study Design: A retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Pulmonology units of Medicine department and Microbiology research laboratory unit, Microbiology and Parasitology department, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH) Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory (F.C.T) from August 2015 to September 2018 (Thirty-six months). Methodology: This was a retrospective study. patients with LRTI who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The data were extracted from patients’ case notes using well-structured tools. The quality of clinical and laboratory work up were verified by the contribution of specialist Pulmonologist and Microbiologist in the management of patients.  Results: A total of one hundred and ninety-eight sample were reviewed of which fifty-seven percent (112) were males and the mean age of the study populations was 37± 13.8 years. From the positive cultures 86.9% were bacteremia and 4.0% were fungaemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae (30.3%) was the most predominant bacteria recovered from the sputum specimens; closely followed by Klebsiella pneumoniea and Staphylococcus aureus. imipenem and ofloxacin had good susceptibility activity and bacteria eradication rate with susceptibility rate of 92.8% and 92.5% respectively. Erythromycin, Augmentin and ceftriaxone had susceptibility of 66.2%, 89.4% and 90.0% respectively. Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumoniea and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacteria isolated from sputum of patient who presented with LRTI. Quinolone (ofloxacin) and imipinem are the most sensitive antibiotics and should be considered in initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Serum β2-microglobulin may be a viral biomarker by analyzing children with upper respiratory tract infections and exanthem subitum: a retrospective study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11109
Author(s):  
Xulong Cai ◽  
Qiaolan Xu ◽  
Chenrong Zhou ◽  
Tongjin Yin ◽  
Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Exanthem Subitum ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Due to the lack of effective and feasible viral biomarkers to distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection, children often receive unnecessary antibiotic treatment. To identify serum β2-microglobulin that distinguishes bacterial upper respiratory tract infection from viral upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum in children. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 in Yancheng Third People’s Hospital. Children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum were recruited. The concentration of serum β2-microglobulin in the viral and bacterial infection groups were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 291 children included 36 with bacterial upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 13 months; 44.4% female), 197 with viral upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 12 months; 43.7% female) and 58 with exanthem subitum (median age, 13 months; 37.9% female). When the concentration of β2-microglobulin was 2.4mg/L, the sensitivity to distinguish viral from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 81.2% (95% CI [75.1–86.4%]), and the specificity was 80.6% (95% CI [64.0–91.8]%). When the cutoff was 2.91 mg/L, the sensitivity of β2-microglobulin to distinguish exanthem subitum from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 94.8% (95% CI [85.6–98.9]%), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI [90.3–100]%). Conclusions Serum β2-microglobulin may be a significant biological indicator in children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum.

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