Low levels of soluble TWEAK, indicating on-going inflammation, were associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Low levels of the soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and depression are linked to cardiovascular disease. Galectin-3, inadequate glycemic control and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels were previously linked to depression in these patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The main aim was to explore whether sTWEAK was associated with depression. A secondary aim was to explore diabetes related variables associated with low sTWEAK. Methods Cross-sectional design. T1DM patients (n = 283, men 56%, age18–59 years) were consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes clinic. Depression was defined as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression sub scale ≥8 points. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic health records. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure sTWEAK and galectin-3. Low sTWEAK was defined as < 7.2 ng/ml and high galectin-3 as ≥2.6 ng/ml. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, calibrated and validated for goodness of fit. We adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, galectin-3, metabolic variables, serum-creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, medication, and cardiovascular complications. Results For 29 depressed versus 254 non-depressed patients the prevalence rates were for low sTWEAK: 93 and 68% (p = 0.003) and for high galectin-3: 34 and 13% (p = 0.005) respectively. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower for the depressed (p = 0.015). Patients with low sTWEAK versus high sTWEAK had lower usage of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (6% versus 17%, p = 0.005). Low sTWEAK (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 9.0, p = 0.006), high galectin-3 (AOR 6.3, p = 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 0.1, p = 0.006), use of antidepressants (AOR 8.4, p < 0.001), and age (per year) (AOR 1.05, p = 0.027) were associated with depression. CSII (AOR 0.3, p = 0.003) and depression (AOR 7.1, p = 0.009) were associated with low sTWEAK. Conclusions Lower levels of sTWEAK and HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of galectin-3 were independently associated with depression in T1DM. These factors might all contribute to the increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality previously demonstrated in patients with depression. CSII (inversely) and depression were independently associated with low sTWEAK levels.

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Low levels of soluble TWEAK, indicating on-going inflammation, were associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.19662/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eva.O. Melin ◽

Jonatan Dereke ◽

Magnus Hillman

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Low Levels

Abstract BackgroundLow levels of the soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and depression are linked to cardiovascular disease. Galectin-3, inadequate glycemic control and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels were previously linked to depression in these patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The main aim was to explore whether sTWEAK was associated with depression. A secondary aim was to explore diabetes related variables associated with low sTWEAK.MethodsCross-sectional design. T1DM patients (n = 283, men 56%, age18-59 years) were consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes clinic. Depression was defined as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression sub scale ≥ 8 points. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic health records. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure sTWEAK and galectin-3. Low sTWEAK was defined as < 7.2 ng/ml and high galectin-3 as ≥ 2.6 ng/ml. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, calibrated and validated for goodness of fit. We adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, galectin-3, metabolic variables, serum-creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, medication, and cardiovascular complications. Results For 29 depressed versus 254 non-depressed patients the prevalence rates were for low sTWEAK: 93% and 68% (p = 0.003) and for high galectin-3: 34% and 13% (p = 0.005) respectively. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower for the depressed (p = 0.015). Patients with low sTWEAK versus high sTWEAK had lower usage of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (6% versus 17%, p = 0.005). Low sTWEAK (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 9.0, p = 0.006), high galectin-3 (AOR 6.3, p = 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 0.1, p = 0.006), use of antidepressants (AOR 8.4, p < 0.001), and age (per year) (AOR 1.05, p = 0.027) were associated with depression. CSII (AOR 0.3, p = 0.003) and depression (AOR 7.1, p = 0.009) were associated with low sTWEAK.ConclusionsLower levels of sTWEAK and HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of galectin-3 were independently associated with depression in T1DM. These factors might all contribute to the increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality previously demonstrated in patients with depression. CSII (inversely) and depression were independently associated with low sTWEAK levels.

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Low levels of soluble TWEAK, indicating on-going inflammation, were associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.19662/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Eva O Melin ◽

Jonatan Dereke ◽

Magnus Hillman

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Low Levels ◽

Diabetes Patients

Abstract BackgroundLow levels of soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) have previously been linked to cardiovascular disease, which is also the case for depression. High levels of galectin-3 and HbA1c, and low levels of HDL-cholesterol, have previously been linked to depression in these patients. The aim was to explore whether low levels of sTWEAK were associated with depression in type 1 diabetes patients. We adjusted for age, sex, galectin-3, HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol, antidepressants, and cardiovascular complications. MethodsCross-sectional design. Type 1 diabetes patients (n=287, men 56%, age18-59 years) were consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes out-patient clinic. Depression was defined as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression sub scale ≥8 points. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic medical records. ELISA was used to measure sTWEAK and galectin-3. Low sTWEAK was defined as <7.1 ng/ml (<70th percentile), high galectin-3 as ≥2.562 µg/l (≥85th percentile) and high HbA1c as >70 mmol/mol (>8.6%). Non-parametric tests were used. Multiple logistic regression analyses (Backward: Wald) were performed, and calibrated and validated for goodness of fit with the data variables. Results Median (q1, q3) (ng/ml) sTWEAK were for 30 depressed and 257 non-depressed patients 1.5 (1.2, 2.9) and 2.7 (1.3, 13.0) respectively (p =0.021); median (q1, q3) (µg/l) galectin-3 were 1.348 (0.827, 2.850) and 0.916 (0.533, 1.637) respectively (p = 0.005). Four-teen percent of patients with low sTWEAK were depressed, and 2% of patients with high sTWEAK were depressed (p = 0.003). Low sTWEAK (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (CI)) 9.5 (2.0-46) ), high galectin-3 (AOR (CI) 6.5 (2.3-18.7)), use of antidepressants (AOR (CI) 10.3 (3.3-30.4)), HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (inversely) (AOR (CI) 0.1 (0.03-0.5)), and age (per year) (AOR (CI) 1.05 (1.00-1.09)) were associated with depression. ConclusionsThe depressed patients with type 1 diabetes had lower levels of sTWEAK than the non-depressed, which might contribute to the increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality previously demonstrated in patients with depression. Low levels of sTWEAK and HDL-cholesterol and high levels of galectin-3 were independently associated with depression.

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Female sex, high soluble CD163, and low HDL-cholesterol were associated with high galectin-3 binding protein in type 1 diabetes

Biology of Sex Differences ◽

10.1186/s13293-019-0268-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eva Olga Melin ◽

Jonatan Dereke ◽

Magnus Hillman

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Self Report ◽

Female Sex ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Galectin 3

Abstract Background Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal3BP), sCD163, galectin-3, and depression have been linked to cardiovascular disease and mortality. In patients with type 1 diabetes, female sex has also been linked to cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aim was to explore whether female sex, sCD163, galectin-3, and depression were associated with Gal3BP in patients with type 1 diabetes. We adjusted for metabolic variables, creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, and cardiovascular disease. Methods Cross-sectional design. Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 285, women 44%, age18–59 years, diabetes duration 1–55 years) were consecutively recruited from one diabetes outpatient clinic. Blood samples, anthropometrics, and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic medical records. High Gal3BP was defined as ≥3.3 mg/l (≥80th percentile). Depression was assessed by a self-report instrument. Linear and logistic regression models were elaborated for the associations and calibrated and validated for goodness of fit with the data variables. Results Median (q1, q3) Gal3BP was 2.3 (1.8, 3.1) mg/l. The prevalence of high Gal3BP for women was 30% and 14% for men (p = 0.001). Female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.0), sCD163 (per μg/l) (AOR 6.6), and total cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 1.6) were positively associated with high Gal3BP, and HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 0.2) was negatively associated with high Gal3BP. Conclusions High Gal3BP levels were associated with female sex, increasing sCD163 and total cholesterol levels, and decreasing HDL-cholesterol levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of high Gal3BP was more than twice as high in the women as in the men.

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Depression in type 1 diabetes was associated with high levels of circulating galectin-3

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-18-0108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 819-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Eva Olga Melin ◽

Jonatan Dereke ◽

Maria Thunander ◽

Magnus Hillman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetes Registry ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Galectin 3

Objective Neuroinflammatory responses are implicated in depression. The aim was to explore whether depression in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was associated with high circulating galectin-3, controlling for metabolic variables, s-creatinine, life style factors, medication and cardiovascular complications. Design Cross-sectional. Methods Participants were T1D patients (n = 283, 56% men, age 18–59 years, diabetes duration ≥1 year). Depression was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, and supplemented with data from medical records and the Swedish National Diabetes Registry. Galectin-3 ≥2.562 µg/l, corresponding to the 85th percentile, was defined as high galectin-3. Results Median (quartile1, quartile3) galectin-3 (µg/l) was 1.3 (0.8, 2.9) for the 30 depressed patients, and 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) for the 253 non-depressed, P = 0.009. Depression was associated with high galectin-3 in all the 283 patients (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.5), in the 161 men (AOR 3.4), and in the 122 women (AOR 3.9). HbA1c, s-lipids, s-creatinine, blood pressure, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, cardiovascular complications and drugs (antihypertensive, lipid lowering, oral antidiabetic drugs and antidepressants) were not associated with high galectin-3. Conclusions This is the first study to show an association between depression and galectin-3. Depression was the only explored parameter associated with high circulating galectin-3 levels in 283 T1D patients. High galectin-3 levels might contribute to the increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality observed in persons with depression. Potentially, in the future, treatment targeting galactin-3 might improve the prognosis for patients with high galectin-3 levels.

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Galectin-3, metalloproteinase-2 and cardiovascular disease were independently associated with metalloproteinase-14 in patients with type 1 diabetes: a cross sectional study

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-021-00727-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eva Olga Melin ◽

Jonatan Dereke ◽

Magnus Hillman

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Galectin 3

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. The main aim was to explore the associations between MMP-14 and selected inflammatory and metabolic variables, CVD, depression, physical activity, smoking and medication in patients with T1D. The secondary aim was to explore associations with CVD. Methods Cross-sectional design. The participants were consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes out-patient clinic. Depression was assessed by a self-report instrument. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic health records. High MMP-14 was defined as ≥ 5.81 ng/mL. Non-parametric tests, Chi2 tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Two hundred and sixty-eighth T1D patients aged 18–59 years participated (men 58%, high MMP-14 25%, CVD 3%). Sixty-seven patients with high MMP-14, compared to 201 patients with lower MMP-14, had higher prevalence of CVD (8% versus 1%, p = 0.012), and had higher levels of galectin-3 (p < 0.001) and MMP-2 (p = 0.018). Seven patients with CVD, compared to 261 without, were older (p = 0.003), had longer diabetes duration (p = 0.027), and had higher prevalence of high MMP-14 (71% versus 24%, p = 0.012), abdominal obesity (p = 0.014), depression (p = 0.022), usage of antidepressants (p = 0.008), antihypertensive drugs (p = 0.037) and statins (p = 0.049). Galectin-3 (per ng/mL) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.19, p < 0.001], CVD (AOR 8.1, p = 0.027), and MMP-2 (per ng/mL) (AOR 1.01, p = 0.044) were associated with high MMP-14. Depression (AOR 17.4, p = 0.006), abdominal obesity (15.8, p = 0.006), high MMP-14 (AOR 14.2, p = 0.008), and diabetes duration (AOR 1.10, p = 0.012) were associated with CVD. Conclusions The main findings of this study were that galecin-3, MMP-2, and CVD were independently associated with high levels of MMP-14 in T1D patients. The association between MMP-14 and galectin-3 is a new finding. No traditional risk factors for CVD were associated with MMP-14. Depression, abdominal obesity and MMP-14 were independently associated with CVD.

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Association of glycemic variability and hypoglycemia with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy in adults with type 1 diabetes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02258-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ziyang Shen ◽

Hemin Jiang ◽

Rong Huang ◽

Yunting Zhou ◽

Qian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Variability ◽

Mean Amplitude ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

C Peptide ◽

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy

AbstractPrevious studies exploring the influence of glycemic variability (GV) on the pathogenesis of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between GV and DSPN in T1DM. Adults with T1DM were included in this cross-sectional study and asked to undergo 3-day CGM. GV quantified by coefficient of variation (CV) and mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE) were obtained from CGM. Clinical characteristics and biochemical assessments were collected for analysis. The study comprised 152 T1DM patients (53.9% males) with mean age of 44.2 year. Higher levels of age and duration of diabetes and lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL, fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide were observed in DSPN subjects. DSPN groups displayed a higher blood glucose between 00:00 and 12:59 according to the CGM profile. Higher MAGE and CV were associated with increased risk of DSPN in the fully adjusted model. Meanwhile, a significant association between measurements of hypoglycemia, especially nocturnal hypoglycemia, and DSPN was found after multiple tests. CGM parameters describing the glycemic variability and hypoglycemia were potential risk factors for DSPN in adults with T1DM.

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Diabetic Retinopathy May Indicate an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes—A Nested Case-Control Study in Brazil

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2019.00689 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Gomes Nunes Melo ◽

Paulo Henrique Morales ◽

Karla Rezende Guerra Drummond ◽

Deborah Conte Santos ◽

Marcela Haas Pizarro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Associations of Microvascular Complications With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes

10.2337/figshare.14356943.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rose Gubitosi-Klug ◽

Xiaoyu Gao ◽

Rodica Pop-Busui ◽

Ian H de Boer ◽

Neill White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Microvascular Disease ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Subsequent Risk

Objective: We examined whether the presence of microvascular complications was associated with increased subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among participants with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study followed for over 35 years. Research Design and Methods: Standardized longitudinal data collection included: 1) stereoscopic seven-field retinal fundus photography centrally-graded for retinopathy stage and clinically significant macular edema; 2) urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); 3) cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) reflex testing; and 4) adjudicated CVD events, including death from cardiovascular disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, subclinical myocardial infarction on ECG, confirmed angina, or coronary artery revascularization. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the association of microvascular complications with subsequent risk of CVD. Results: 239 participants developed CVD, including 120 participants who suffered major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or cardiovascular death. The presence of microvascular disease (diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, or CAN) was associated with increased risk of subsequent CVD and MACE (hazard ratios 1.86 to 3.18 and 2.09 to 3.63, respectively); associations that remained significant after adjusting for age and HbA1c. After adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, however, only sustained AER≥30 mg/24hr occurring alone and/or with eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m, and the presence of both retinal and kidney disease remained associated with CVD. Conclusions: Advanced microvascular disease, especially moderate to severe albuminuria or eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2, conveyed an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease in the DCCT/EDIC cohort.

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GAMBARAN KADAR HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN PADA REMAJA OBES DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4578 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lidya Togelang ◽

Fatimawali . ◽

Aaltje Manampiring

Keyword(s):

Visceral Obesity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Target Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Low Levels

Abstract: Obesity is the multifactorial disease. Several genetic, behavioral, and physiological factors play a role in etiology of obesity. WHO stated that obesity was global epidemy and become health problem that must be solved. There are correlation of obesity with atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated of triacylglycerol levels or low levels of HDL cholesterol). HDL cholesterol is the good cholesterol, it removes harmful bad cholesterol from where it doesn't belong. The research was to describe HDL cholesterol levels. A cross sectional study was conducted to obese adolescent in SMK Negeri 2 and 3 Tondano City. The target population of the research was the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade students. To determine if the students is obese or non-obese, researcher use the method of measuring the waist circumference based on the theory of visceral obesity, then afterwards researcher took a blood sample of the students. In this research, involved 54 obesity students who are willing to partake and the result indicates that 54 obesity students (100%) had low HDL cholesterol levels. It may be caused by several genetic, behavioral, and physiological of the students. It is expected, that the results of this research can be use in developing the prevention and treatments of the low levels of HDL cholesterol in obese adolescent. Keywords: HDL cholesterol, obesity. Abstrak: Obesitas adalah penyakit multifaktorial. Beberapa faktor genetik, kebiasaan, dan aktifitas fisik berperan dalam menyebabkan obesitas. WHO menyatakan bahwa obesitas merupakan epedemik global dan menjadi masalah kesehatan yang harus diselesaikan. Adanya hubungan antara obesitas dengan aterogenik dislipidemia (peningkatan kadar triasilgliserol dan rendahnya kadar kolesterol HDL). Kolesterol HDL adalah kolesterol baik, yang membuang kolesterol jahat yang berbahaya bila tidak digunakan lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kadar kolesterol HDL. Studi cross sectional diterapkan pada remaja obes di SMK Negeri 2 dan 3 Kota Tondano. Populasi target dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 1,2, dan 3. Untuk membedakan para siswa obes dan non-obes, peneliti menggunakan metode pengukuran lingkar pinggang yang berdasarkan pada obesitas sentral, setelah itu peneliti mengambil sampel darah dari para siswa. Dalam penelitan, dilibatkan 54 siswa obes yang menyetujui untuk berpatisipasi dan hasilnya didapatkan 54 siswa obes (100%) memiliki kadar kolesterol yang rendah. Ini mungkin disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor genetik, kebiasaan, dan aktifitas fisik para siswa. Diharapkan, dari hasil penelitian dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan dari rendahnya kadar kolesterol HDL pada remaja obes. Kata Kunci: Kolesterol HDL, obesitas.

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Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Associated With Clinical Data and Autosomal Ancestry in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study in an Admixed Brazilian Population.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1215441/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Roberta Maria Duailibe Ferreira Reis Reis ◽

Dayse Aparecida Silva ◽

Maria da Glória Tavares ◽

Gilvan Cortês Nascimento ◽

Sabrina da Silva Pereira Damianse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Brazilian Population ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Markers ◽

Carotid Doppler

Abstract BackgroundPatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a major cause of death in this population. The objective of this study was to investigate early markers of CVD associated with clinical data and autosomal ancestry in T1D patients from an admixed Brazilian population. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 99 T1D patients. The early markers of CVD included the ankle-brachial index (ABI), coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and carotid Doppler sonography. Demographic, clinical, and serum data were collected. A panel of autosomal informational insertion/deletion ancestry markers was used to estimate the individual proportions of European, African, and Amerindian ancestry.ResultsThe study sample had a mean age of 27.6 years and 14.4 years of duration of T1D. The prevalence of alterations in early CVD markers was: ABI (< 0,9) 19.6%, CACS (> 0 +) 4.1%, and carotid Doppler 5.0%. There was significant agreement between CACS and carotid Doppler, and these were correlated with traditional risk factors for CVD. There was a predominance of European ancestry (47.3%), followed by African (28%) and Ameridian (24.7%). There were no association between early CVD markers and autosomal ancestry proportions.ConclusionThe ABI was useful in the early identification of CVD in asymptomatic young patients with T1D and with a short duration of disease, and showed agreement with the carotid Doppler. Although CACS and carotid Doppler are non-invasive tests, carotid Doppler is more cost-effective, and both have limitations in screening for CVD in young patients with a short duration of T1D. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between autosomal ancestry proportions and early CVD markers in an admixed Brazilian population.

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