scholarly journals The role of socio-demographic determinants in the geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Agustí ◽  
Núria Font-Casaseca ◽  
Francesc Belvis ◽  
Mireia Julià ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics and the spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Catalonia and to identify factors associated with HIV infection rates. Methods Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012–2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area” in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, GBMSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level. Results New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15–44 years (IRR, 1.193; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of GBMSM (IRR, 1.230; P = 0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P = 0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P < 0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation. Conclusions Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that, in the case of HIV infection, the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS should not be the only criterion used.

scholarly journals The role of socio-demographic determinants in the geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Agusti ◽  
Núria Font-Casaseca ◽  
Francesc Belvis ◽  
Mireia Julià ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics and the spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Catalonia and to identify factors associated with HIV infection rates.Methods: Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012-2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area” in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, MSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level. Results: New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P<0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15-44 years (IRR, 1.193; P=0.003), a higher proportion of MSM (IRR, 1.230; P=0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P=0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P=0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P<0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation.Conclusions: Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that, in the case of HIV infection, the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS should not be the only criterion used.

scholarly journals The role socio-demographic determinants in the Geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Agusti ◽  
Núria Font-Casaseca ◽  
Francesc Belvis ◽  
Mireia Julià ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics and the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia and to identify factors associated with HIV infection rates.Methods: Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012-2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area” in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, MSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level. Results: New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P<0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15-44 years (IRR, 1.193; P=0.003), a higher proportion of MSM (IRR, 1.230; P=0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P=0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P=0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P<0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation.Conclusions: Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that, in the case of HIV, the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS should not be the only criterion used.

scholarly journals Distal sociological determinants and their association with the spatial distribution of new diagnoses of HIV infection in small areas in Catalonia (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Agusti ◽  
Núria Font-Casaseca ◽  
Francesc Belvis ◽  
Mireia Julià ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. Methods Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012–2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, MSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level. Results New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15–44 years (IRR, 1.193; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of MSM (IRR, 1.230; P = 0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P = 0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P < 0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation. Conclusions Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS may not be appropriate for all diseases.

scholarly journals The HIV infection in Europe: large East-West disparity

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Semaille ◽  
J Alix ◽  
A M Downs ◽  
F F Hamers
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
East West

In 2001, western Europe faces an endemic situation for AIDS (22.8 cases per million population) and for HIV infection (54.9 cases per million), the most affected groups remaining injecting drug users and the homo/bisexual men. However, numbers of new HIV diagnoses are increasing among persons infected through heterosexual contact. Central Europe have been relatively spared, with AIDS incidence under 6 cases per million per year, and new HIV diagnoses between 7 and 10 cases per million. On the other hand, eastern Europe shows an epidemic increase in the number of newly diagnosed HIV infections (233 cases in 1994, around 100 000 reported cases in 2001, ie 349 cases per million population) affecting all countries.

HIV incidence trends vary between jurisdictions in Australia: an extended back-projection analysis of men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie-Ann Mallitt ◽  
David P. Wilson ◽  
Ann McDonald ◽  
Handan Wand
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Incident Cases

Background Trends in HIV diagnoses differ across Australia and are primarily driven by men who have sex with men (MSM). We use national population surveillance data to estimate the incidence of HIV infections among MSM by jurisdiction and infer the proportion of undiagnosed infections. Methods: Annual surveillance data for AIDS diagnoses, HIV diagnoses and recently acquired HIV infections were obtained from 1980 to 2009. A modified statistical back-projection method was used to reconstruct HIV incidence by jurisdiction. Results: HIV incidence among MSM peaked for all jurisdictions in the early 1980s and then declined into the early 1990s, after which incidence increased. Trends then differ between jurisdictions. In New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia, estimated HIV incidence peaked at 371 and 50 cases respectively in 2003, and has since decreased to 258 and 24 cases respectively in 2009. HIV infections in Queensland (Qld) have more than doubled over the past decade, from 84 cases in 2000 to 192 cases in 2009. Victoria and Western Australia have seen a rise in HIV incidence from 2000 to 2006 (to a peak of 250 and 38 incident cases respectively), followed by a plateau to 2009. HIV incidence in the Northern Territory, Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory have increased since 2000; however, case numbers remain small (<20 per year). The estimated proportion of HIV infections not yet diagnosed to 2009 ranges from 10% (NSW) to 18% (Qld), with an average of 12% across Australia. Conclusions: HIV diagnosis trends among MSM in Australia reflect changes in estimated incidence to 2009, and reveal the largest increase in the past 10 years in Qld.

scholarly journals Epidemiological factors associated with recent HIV infection among newly-diagnosed cases in Singapore, 2013–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei Ang ◽  
Carmen Low ◽  
Chen Seong Wong ◽  
Irving Charles Boudville ◽  
Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Voluntary Testing ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis is crucial in securing optimal outcomes in the HIV care cascade. Recent HIV infection (RHI) serves as an indicator of early detection in the course of HIV infection. Surveillance of RHI is important in uncovering at-risk groups in which HIV transmission is ongoing. The study objectives are to estimate the proportion of RHI among persons newly-diagnosed in 2013–2017, and to elucidate epidemiological factors associated with RHI in Singapore.MethodsAs part of the National HIV Molecular Surveillance Programme, residual plasma samples of treatment-naïve HIV-1 positive individuals were tested using the biotinylated peptide-capture enzyme immunoassay with a cutoff of normalized optical density ≤ 0.8 for evidence of RHI. A recent infection testing algorithm was applied for the classification of RHI. We identified risk factors associated with RHI using logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 701 newly-diagnosed HIV-infected persons were included in the study. The median age at HIV diagnosis was 38 years (interquartile range, 28–51). The majority were men (94.2%), and sexual route was the predominant mode of HIV transmission (98.3%). Overall, 133/701 (19.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.2–22.0%) were classified as RHI. The proportions of RHI in 2015 (31.1%) and 2017 (31.0%) were significantly higher than in 2014 (11.2%). A significantly higher proportion of men having sex with men (23.4, 95% CI 19.6–27.6%) had RHI compared with heterosexual men (11.1, 95% CI 7.6–15.9%). Independent factors associated with RHI were: age 15–24 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.18, 95% CI 1.69–10.31) compared with ≥55 years; HIV diagnosis in 2015 (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.25–4.46) and 2017 (aOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.32–4.80) compared with 2013–2014; detection via voluntary testing (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.07–3.43) compared with medical care; and self-reported history of HIV test(s) prior to diagnosis (aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06–2.81).ConclusionAlthough there appears to be an increasing trend towards early diagnosis, persons with RHI remain a minority in Singapore. The strong associations observed between modifiable behaviors (voluntary testing and HIV testing history) and RHI highlight the importance of increasing the accessibility to HIV testing for at-risk groups.

scholarly journals Difficulties in primary diagnosis of HIV infection at the stages of health care settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Elena V. Esaulenko ◽  
Kseniya E. Novak ◽  
Thierry Ingabire ◽  
Sof’ya A. Semenova ◽  
Aleksandra O. Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
First Time

Aim: to demonstrate the difficulties and timeliness of HIV diagnosis by primary care physicians, to carry out a clinical and epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection. Materials and methods: The study evaluated the routing of diagnosis and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical and laboratory data of 85 patients with a newly diagnosed HIV infection hospitalized in the St. Petersburg Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S. P. Botkin during the period from November 2018 to October 2019. To confirm positive results, ELISA and western blot were used. Results: Among the observed patients, 71.3% were women and 28.7% were men. The average age was 39.3 2 years. Upon admission to the infectious diseases hospital with an established diagnosis of HIV infection, 49.5% were hospitalized in specialized departments (n = 42). Of them, nine (9) were referred by the polyclinic with an established diagnosis, in 20 patients the diagnosis was established in somatic hospitals, and emergency room doctors newly diagnosed HIV infection in 13 more patients. The remaining 50.5% (n = 43) were hospitalized in various departments with other diagnoses. Clinical and laboratory analysis of these patients showed that for the first time in life, an established diagnosis of HIV infection corresponded to both early (15.3%) and late (84.7%) stages of the disease with dominance of sexual transmission of the virus (43.6%). Conclusion: HIV infection at both early and late stages can manifest under the guise of various other diseases, which makes it necessary to expand testing of patients for HIV infection, including using rapid tests.

Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infections in high-risk groups in Karachi, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1400-1406
Author(s):  
Zahra Hasan ◽  
Sharaf Shah ◽  
Rumina Hasan ◽  
Shoaib Rao ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevalence in Pakistan has been increasing in high-risk groups, including people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender hijra sex workers (TG-HSWs) nationwide. Effective control of HIV requires early diagnosis of the infection. We investigated recency of HIV infections in newly-diagnosed cases in PWID and TG-HSWs. This was an observational study with convenience sampling. Overall, 210 HIV-positive subjects comprising an equal number of PWID and TG-HSWs were included. Antibody avidity was tested using the Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity (LAg) EIA (Maxim Biomedical, Inc. Rockville, Maryland, USA). The mean age of study subjects was 29.5 years: PWID, 28.5 years and TG-HSWs, 30.4 years. Study subjects were married, 27%, or unmarried. Eighteen percent of individuals had recently-acquired HIV infections: 19% of PWID and 17% of TG-HSWs. Eighty-two percent of individuals had long-term HIV infections: 81% of PWID and 83% of TG-HSWs. This is the first study identification of recent HIV-1 infections in Pakistan. We show that most newly-diagnosed HIV patients in the high-risk groups studied had long-term infections. There is an urgent need for intervention in these groups to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection to reduce transmission in Pakistan.

scholarly journals HIV and AIDS in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szmulik ◽  
Marta Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik ◽  
Magdalena Rosińska
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

AIM. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of newly diagnosed HIV infections and AIDS cases and death among AIDS cases in Poland in 2017 in comparison to the changes in preceding years. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Analysis of the epidemiological situation was based on reports of newly detected HIV cases and AIDS cases and the results of the annual survey of HIV testing conducted among the laboratories throughout the country. RESULTS. In 2017 there were 1,419 HIV cases newly diagnosed in Poland (diagnosis rate: 3.69 per 100,000), including 51 among non-Polish citizens. The frequency of newly detected HIV infections increased by nearly 8% compared to the previous year and by almost 28% compared to the median in 2011-2015 years. The total number of AIDS cases was 108 (incidence 0.28 per 100,000), and 20 people died from AIDS disease (0.05 per 100,000). New HIV diagnoses were reported mainly among people in age 20 to 39 years (69.5%) and among men (88.5%). Among cases with known transmission route, 69.5% concerned among men who had sexual contact with men (MSM). The percentage of MSM cases, similarly to heterosexual cases decrease in comparison to previous year, relatively by 5.7% and 6.4%. The percentage of AIDS cases diagnosed at the same time with HIV diagnosis increased by 6% percentage points in comparison with 2016 year (from 68% to 74% AIDS cases). CONCLUSION. The most HIV cases are diagnosed among MSM, so prophylactic activities are still needed in this key population. It is also need to increase the number of new cases linkage-to-care and to improve the low frequency in HIV testing rate in all population.

scholarly journals HIV Infection-Related Care Outcomes among U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Blacks with Diagnosed HIV in 40 U.S. Areas: The National HIV Surveillance System, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Demeke ◽  
Anna Johnson ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Zanetta Gant ◽  
Wayne Duffus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Care Outcomes

HIV care outcomes must be improved to reduce new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and health disparities. HIV infection-related care outcome measures were examined for U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born black persons aged ≥13 years by using National HIV Surveillance System data from 40 U.S. areas. These measures include late-stage HIV diagnosis, timing of linkage to medical care after HIV diagnosis, retention in care, and viral suppression. Ninety-five percent of non-U.S.-born blacks had been born in Africa or the Caribbean. Compared with U.S.-born blacks, higher percentages of non-U.S.-born blacks with HIV infection diagnosed during 2016 received a late-stage diagnoses (28.3% versus 19.1%) and were linked to care in ≤1 month after HIV infection diagnosis (76.8% versus 71.3%). Among persons with HIV diagnosed in 2014 and who were alive at year-end 2015, a higher percentage of non-U.S.-born blacks were retained in care (67.8% versus 61.1%) and achieved viral suppression (68.7% versus 57.8%). Care outcomes varied between African- and Caribbean-born blacks. Non-U.S.-born blacks achieved higher care outcomes than U.S.-born blacks, despite delayed entry to care. Possible explanations include a late-stage presentation that requires immediate linkage and optimal treatment and care provided through government-funded programs.

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